The influence of price changes on consumers' purchase decisions

The development of an effective pricing strategy requires the acquaintance of consumers’ price perception as well as the range of elements that influence the price sensitivity. This paper analyses the relationships between product features, individual characteristics and the level of price increase/decrease that induces the consumers to change their purchase decisions. The results of a dedicated survey show, that price sensitivity, individual preferences, type of product and direction of price change and individual characteristics of consumers (gender, age, professional situation) have a significant impact on a threshold at which people are willing to choose the less attractive, but cheaper alternative to their favorite product or give up the variety in consumption. From a consumer behavior perspective, these findings play a fundamental role in pricing.NSBE - UN

THE NONUNIFORMITY OF THE PISTON MOTION OF THE RADIAL ENGINE

The results of kinematic analysis of the ASz-62IR radial engine crankshaft was presented. In addition, the one-dimensional model of the working cycle of the engine was created in AVL BOOST system. Differences in the waveforms for each pistons causes the differences in the filling process what reflects in the mass of the load supplied to cylinders. Additionally, due to one dimensional model computation. The results show differences in the value of maximum pressure. This causes differences in mean effective pressure of up to 4% and which also affects the vibrations of the whole engine

The prevalence of arterial hypertension depending on selected demographic factors among adult residents of eastern Poland district

Background. Identification and analysis of risk factors are important aspects of planning the long-term actions toprevent, early diagnose and properly treat hypertension. The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of hypertension and to determine the relationship between the prevalence of hypertension and selected sociodemographicfactors among adult residents of a typical eastern Poland district. Material and methods. The study involved 1225 residents of the Janów Lubelski district aged between 36 and 65years. The research methodology included a questionnaire survey. Blood pressure, body weight and height weremeasured, the BMI was calculated. Statistical analysis was performed. Results. 26.8% of subjects are treated for hypertension. 32.9% of hypertensive subjects are treated properly andwomen have better control of hypertension than man (41.3% vs. 19.7%). Among subjects without treatmentfor hypertension, 37.5% of them have abnormally high blood pressure and it is more common in men (58.9%vs. 43.4%). The prevalence of hypertension increased with age. The percentages are from 8.6% for subjects aged36–40 to 45.7% for subjects aged 61–65. Higher prevalence of hypertension is observed in men below the age of50 compared to women. There is the significant rising prevalence of hypertension in women above the age of 50.The relationship between the prevalence of hypertension and the educational background is demonstrated. Amongsubjects with elementary education, the prevalence of hypertension is higher (45.5%) as compared to subjects withhigher education (18.2%). Area of residence and marital status have no effects on the prevalence of hypertension. Conclusions. The prevalence of hypertension was lower compared to other epidemiological studies. Improvements in hypertension control have been observed for many years. The educational background has an important influence on the prevalence of hypertension. Further studies are required to establish the influence of an area of residence and marital status on the prevalence of hypertension

Ocena zależności między częstością występowania cukrzycy a wybranymi czynnikami demograficznymi

Wstęp. Chorobowość z powodu cukrzycy rośnie w szybkim tempie. Wzrost ten wiąże się przede wszystkim ze zwiększoną częstością występowania nadwagi i otyłości oraz starzeniem się społeczeństwa. Celem pracy jest ocena częstości występowania cukrzycy wśród osób dorosłych zamieszkujących typowy powiat wschodniej Polski oraz określenie zależności między występowaniem cukrzycy a wybranymi czynnikami demograficznymi. Materiał i metody. W badaniu wzięło udział 1225 osób zamieszkujących powiat janowski województwa lubelskiego w wieku 36–65 lat. Jednym z narzędzi badawczych był kwestionariusz ankiety. Uzyskane wyniki zostały opracowane statystycznie. Dla celów statystycznych badani zostali pogrupowani w 5-letnich przedziałach wiekowych. Wyniki. Częstość występowania cukrzycy w badanej populacji wynosi 4,7%. Badanie wykazuje wzrost częstości zachorowania wraz z wiekiem. Chorobowość w poszczególnych grupach wiekowych wynosi: 0,6% (36–40); 1,5% (41–45); 2,0% (46–50); 5,1% (51–55)

The comparison between the results of treatment of patients after ACL reconstruction using double-folded semitendinosus and gracilis tendons and quadruple-folded semitendinosus tendon

Introduction. Injuries of knee are considered as a significant clinical issue according to difficulties in diagnostics, therapy and rehabilitation of patients. One of the most common pathologies are injuries of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), which represent  around 90% of all damages. There are four basic mechanisms of ACL injury, but the most common are sudden hyperextension and internal rotation of the lower leg outside the physiological range of movements. Breaking of ACL in young and active people is undisputable indication for surgery – failure to do so leads to further damages of menisci and to osteoarthritis.Purpose of research. The aim of this study was to compare the long-term outcomes of ACL reconstruction with the use of the technique of double-folded tendons of semitendinosus and gracilis musles and quadruple-folded tendon of semitendinosus muscle.Materials and methods. A retrospective study consisted of two stages. The results of the post-reconstructive knee rehabilitation opinion survey and postoperative records were analyzed. The study examined 46 patients aged 19-59 years, hospitalized in the Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology SPSK4 in Lublin.Results. In order to better visualize the results, the patients were divided into four groups, depending on the KOOS score. Statistically significant, in favor of double-folded tendons of semitendinosus and gracilis muscles, were patient’s assessments of the condition in two categories: presence and severity of pain and specific symptoms. The statistically insignificant result was obtained for the parameters: the possibility of active sports, the effects on daily activities and the general quality of life.Conclusions. The relationship between the technique used and the patient experiencing pain and specific symptoms was found. Patients undergoing surgery using double-folded semitendinosus and gracilis muscles experienced lesser symptoms

The aircraft piston engine conjugate heat transfer model

Maintaining high aircraft’s propulsion system reliability requires a good knowledge of engine’s heat transfer conditions at each engine running time. Even though the flow around the cylinder may be steady, the heat flux from the engine is not evenly distributed. This is caused by varied engine head and fins geometry and uneven heat transfer coefficient distribution. The lack of knowledge of the local heat transfer coefficient values and time coefficients for the transient heat transfer make it unfeasible to make an analytical model for a given geometry. One transient Computational Fluid Dynamics simulation does not solve the heat transfer fully. Only a conjugate simulation allows an in-depth analysis of a transient heat transfer. The Combustion and species transport fluid simulation is coupled to the temperature field solid simulation. This work presents the methods and results of such conjugate heat transfer simulation. The change of heat flux parameters in respect to time is shown. The results are verified by the real engine measurements

Low Reynolds Number Rotor Blade Aerodynamic Analysis

Maintaining a steady hover flight in a rotorcraft usually requires high energy input. The aim of the paper is to prove that it is possible to vastly reduce energy use in a rotorcraft by reducing the disc loading. The energy consumption reduction is especially important in electric rotorcraft, where the energy source is characterized by low energy density when compared to the hydrocarbon fuel in ICE rotorcraft. The paper presents results of CFD simulations on low Reynolds Number operating rotors. For low RE rotors tip vortex induced drag is highly affecting the rotor’s Figure of Merit, thus reducing rotor performance. Even though FM is reduced, the low RE setup is still beneficial in terms of reduced Power Loading, the main factor responsible for hover endurance

Development opportunities for emloyees in organizations

People employed in an organization are its most important resource. Therefore, it is important to take care of their professional and overall development. This thesis is devided into three main chapters. The first one is a general description of the development of employees and their careers in corporations.In the second chapter specific development methods are discussed, such as:mentoring;coaching;training;e-leraning;career counseling;knowledge sharing;job rotation;The last case is an analysis of international company delivering Recruitment Process Outsourcing. As part of this chapter the practical use of the above-mentioned methods is described.Subject knowledge is derived from specialized literature and from Internet sources.Ludzie zatrudnieni w organizacjach należą do jej najistotniejszych zasobów. Dlatego też tak ważne jest dbanie o ich zawodowy i wszechstronny rozwój. Celem niniejszej pracy jest przedstawienie możliwości rozwoju, jakie posiadają pracownicy zatrudnieni w organizacjach. Przedmiotem pracy są więc czynniki wpływające bezpośrednio lub pośrednio na naukę i awansowanie zatrudnionych.Można wyróżnić trzy główne rozdziały. Pierwszy z nich jest ogólnym opisem rozwoju pracowników i ich karier w korporacjach.W drugim zostały omówione konkretne metody rozwoju, do których należą:mentoring;coaching;szkolenia;e-leraning;doradztwo zawodowe;dzielenie się wiedzą;rotacja stanowisk pracy; Ostatni jest analizą przypadku międzynarodowej firmy zajmującej się outsourcingiem rekrutacji. W ramach tego rozdziału opisane zostało praktyczne wykorzystanie wyżej wymienionych metod. Wiedza przedmiotowa pochodzi ze specjalistycznej literatury i w niewielkim stopniu ze źródeł internetowych

Modelling of a Large Rotary Heat Exchanger

The first simulation consists of a partial cut-out of gas flow canal between the heat exchanger fins. The simulation is steady state and mainly provides the information about the heat transfer coefficient and pressure drop across the canal. The second simulation takes into account the complete system of rotary heat exchanger. It is a transient simulation with moving mesh. Then the heat transfer and air flow parameters are presented as a porous volume with a heat transfer model and rotational multi zone interface conditions. This simplification is accurate providing much better performance as the number of mesh nodes is much smaller. The methodology of the model setup is presented