In-Network Video Quality Adaption using Packet Trimming at the Edge

This paper describes the effects of running innetwork quality adaption by trimming the packets of layered video streams at the edge. The video stream is transmitted using the BPP transport protocol, which is like UDP, but has been designed to be both amenable to trimming and to provide low-latency and high reliability. The traffic adaption uses the Packet Wash process of BPP on the transmitted Scalable Video Coding (SVC) video streams as they pass through a network function which is BPP-aware and embedded at the edge. Our previous work has either demonstrated the use of SDN controllers to directly implement Packet Wash, or the use of a network function in the core of the network to do the same task. This paper presents the first attempt to deploy and evaluate such a process in the edge. We compare the performance of transmitting video using BPP and the Packet Wash trimming, against alternative transmission schemes, namely TCP, UDP, and HTTP Adaptive Streaming (HAS). The results demonstrate that providing traffic engineering using in-network quality adaption using packet trimming, provides high quality at the receiver

Towards High Precision End-to-End Video Streaming from Drones using Packet Trimming

The emergence of a number of network communication facilities such as Network Function Virtualization (NFV), Software Defined Networking (SDN), the Internet of Things (IoT), Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV), and in-network packet processing, holds a potential to meet the low latency, high precision requirements of various future multimedia applications. However, this raises the corresponding issues of how all of these elements can be used together in future networking environments, including newly developed protocols and techniques. This paper describes the architecture of an end-to-end video streaming platform for video surveillance, consisting of a UAV network domain, an edge server implementing in-network packet trimming operations with the use of Big Packet Protocol (BPP), utilization of Scalable Video Coding (SVC) and multiple video clients which connect to a network managed by an SDN controller. A Virtualized Edge Function at the drone edge utilizes SVC and in communication with the Drone Control Unit to manage the transmitted video quality. Experimental results show the potential that future multimedia applications can achieve the required high precision with the use of future network components and the consideration of their interactions

The Future of Media Streaming Systems: Transferring Video over New IP

Big Packet Protocol (BPP), which is part of New IP, was designed to transfer packets for future networking applications, and aims to overcome obstacles within current networks for high precision services. One of the most important advantages of New IP is that it allows changes to packets during transmission. The strategy of BPP is to reduce the packet size by eliminating specific chunks, cutting out segments from the transferred video, rather than dropping or retransmitting packets. This provides an effective mechanism to enhance the performance of video streaming applications, by obtaining continuous delivery and minimum guaranteed quality at the receiver. In order to make video transmission over BPP effective, we need to select a video codec that can do multiple encodings for the same region, such as scalable video coding (SVC). To support such functionality, we have augmented the BPP packet structure in order to transfer video data. This paper describes the use of BPP for carrying video from servers to clients, and defines the packet structure for this purpose, plus the extensions needed to support SVC encoded video. To evaluate the proposed approach, we use SDN to facilitate BPP operations, with results showing a successful implementation of a system using these combined techniques

Dynamic Packet Content Construction and Processing for End-to-End Streaming in 6G

In the context of 6G, the use of drones/UAVs and satellite is a high priority. One of the main issues is that there is limited and varying bandwidth in these environments, so the question arises: how do we provide high Quality of Experience (QoE) to the users. BPP is a recent protocol which is effective when used with Scalable Video Coding (SVC) streams and limited bandwidth environments. We present an end-to-end architecture, with a drone sending video, utilizing functions for dynamically constructing the content of packets, and then dynamically processing those packets during their transmission across a network, all managed by a multi-domain orchestrator. These functions are implemented as virtualized network elements, as in our previous work. In this current work, we investigate how different packing strategies for filling packets impact different QoE parameters, when evaluated using a number of different bandwidths. These insights can be utilized for choosing the best QoE, and will be especially useful in 5G / 6G environments

A multilevel graph approach for rainfall forecasting: A preliminary study case on London area

Increasing populations and rapid large-scale urbanization has created a demand to increase the quality of life through economic development, social stability, and better quality environments. These issues are addressed in the field of Smart Cities where, through the Internet of Things, efforts are being made to support added-value services for the administration of the city and for citizens. The continuous exchange of information inevitably produces a huge amount of data, which demands analyses of data using unconventional methods within a Big Data context. How can we properly process these data? How can we properly use these data in order to increase the competitiveness and efficiency of services, and how could they contribute to social development? Services that could be useful in this field include Early Warning Systems. Information management environments, or more generally pervasive data contexts, may be supported by context representation approaches and enhanced through adopting probabilistic approaches such as Context Dimension Tree, Ontology, and Bayesian Network. The aim of this work is to introduce and explain a methodology for merging CDTs and Ontologies, and probabilistic approach based on BNs in order to help expert users handle emergencies and provide suggestions for improving the liveability of cities for their inhabitants

On the concentration dependence of wings of spectra of spin correlation functions of diluted Heisenberg paramagnets

Исследованы особые точки на оси мнимого времени автокорреляционной функции (АКФ), усредненной по расположению спинов в магниторазбавленной спиновой решетке с изотропным спин-спиновым взаимодействием при высокой температуре. Для АКФ в приближении самосогласованного флуктуирующего локального поля предложены нелинейные интегральные уравнения, отражающие разделение неоднородных спиновых систем на близкие спины и остальные спины. Координаты ближайших особых точек определены через радиус сходимости рядов по степеням времени, коэффициенты которых рассчитаны по рекуррентным уравнениям. Показано, что при сильном магнитном разбавлении координаты особых точек, а, следовательно, и крылья спектра АКФ определяются модуляцией локального поля близкими парами спинов, приводящей к их логарифмической концентрационной зависимости