Автокореляційні функції та їх застосування для оцінки якості заходу на посадку

The article describes the correlation functions between the information on the flight path and distortions in tracking operations of an operator. This is due to its psychophysiological abilities in a state of high tension.В этой статье описываются функции корреляции между информацией о траектории полета и искажениями при операции слежения оператора. Это связано с его психофизиологическими особенностями в состоянии высокой напряженности.У цій статті описуються функції кореляції між інформацією про траєкторію польоту і викривленнями при операції слідкування оператора. Це пов'язано з його психофізіологічними особливостями в стані високої напруженості

Використання поляриметрії для вимірювання рельєфу місцевості

The article discusses modern geodetic measurement methods of relief, their advantages and disadvantages. It is also offered a polarimetric measurement method of relief. This method is intended for measuring relief and can also be used to measure slope road and airport paving, railways to geometric description of the surface complex engineering objects, such as bridges, roofs of buildings, architectural elements.Статья посвящена проблеме использования поляриметрии для измерения рельефа местности. Предложен поляриметрический метод измерения. В сравнении с существующими методами измерения поляриметрический метод обеспечивает сокращение времени и при этом обеспечивает высокую точность. Он обеспечивает непрерывность и высокую точность измерения за счёт использования поляриметра, высокую скорость и низкую трудоемкость измерительного процесса за счёт автоматизации процесса измерения.Статтю присвячено проблемі використання поляриметрії для вимірювання рельєфу місцевості. Запропоновано поляриметричний метод вимірювання. У порівнянні з наявними методами вимірювання поляриметричний метод забезпечує скорочення часу вимірювання й при цьому забезпечує високу точність. Він забезпечує неперервність і високу точність вимірювання завдяки застосуванню поляриметра, високу швидкість і низькі трудозатрати вимірювального процесу за рахунок автоматизації процесу вимірювання

Phosphorylation of Protein Kinase Akt by Mtorc2 in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells of Patients with Cancer and Diabetes

Akt/mTOR/p70S6K1 signaling pathway plays an important role in the pathogenesis of cancer and diabetes. Macrophages and lymphocytes are involved in the pathogenesis of diabetes, diabetic atherosclerosis, formation of insulin resistance as well as immune response to cancer and tumor maintenance. The aim of the study was to determine the Akt activation by mTORC2 in peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) of patients with type 2 diabetes and cancer. The following groups were studied: control group, patients with type 2 diabetes, cancer patients and patients with both cancer and diabetes. The amounts of phospho-Akt (р-S473) and phospho-p70S6K1 (p-T389) were determined using ELISA kits. The amount of phosphorylated Akt significantly increases in PBMC of patients with cancer. There was no effect in PBMC from patients with type 2 diabetes and significant decrease in the amount of phospho-Akt in PBMC of the patients group both with cancer and diabetes. p70S6K1 activation was observed in PBMC of the groups 2 and 3 patients. Thus, chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes and cancer can affect the signaling mechanisms in blood cells. The state of Akt phosphorylation in leukocytes can indicate the activity of mTORC1 and its substrates, which may be important for the evaluation of the pathological process and the efficacy of the drugs

The BRAFV600E Mutation Is Not a Risk Factor for More Aggressive Tumor Behavior in Radiogenic and Sporadic Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma at a Young Age

Histopathological changes in the fusion oncogene-driven papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTCs) from children and adolescents exposed to Chernobyl fallout have been extensively studied. However, characteristics of the radiogenic BRAFV600E-positive PTCs, whose proportion is growing with time, are not well described yet. We analyzed the relationship between the BRAFV600E status (determined immunohistochemically with the VE1 antibody) and the clinicopathological features of 247 radiogenic and 138 sporadic PTCs from young Ukrainian patients aged ≤28 years. The frequency of BRAFV600E was increasing with patient age, consistently remaining lower in radiogenic PTCs. In both etiopathogenic groups, the BRAFV600E-positive PTCs more frequently had a dominant papillary growth pattern, smaller tumor size, higher Ki67 labeling index, and a frequency of the major indicators of tumor invasiveness that is lower than or equal to that of the BRAFV600E-negative tumors. Comparison of the BRAFV600E-positive PTCs across the groups found a virtual absence of differences. In contrast, the BRAFV600E-negative radiogenic PTCs displayed less frequent dominant papillary and more frequent solid growth patterns, lower Ki67 labeling index, and higher invasiveness than the BRAFV600E-negative sporadic tumors. Thus, BRAFV600E is not associated with a more aggressive course of PTC in young patients regardless of etiology. The major clinicopathological differences between the radiogenic and sporadic PTCs are observed among the BRAFV600E-negative tumors

The relationship of the clinicopathological characteristics and treatment results of post-Chornobyl papillary thyroid microcarcinomas with the latency period and radiation exposure

Introduction: A worldwide increase in the incidence of thyroid cancer during the last decades is largely due to papillary thyroid microcarcinomas (MPTCs), which are mostly low-risk tumors. In view of recent clinical recommendations to reduce the extent of surgery for low-risk thyroid cancer, and persisting uncertainty about the impact of radiation history, we set out to address whether clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of post-Chornobyl MPTCs were changing with regard to: i) the latency period, ii) probability of causation (POC) of a tumor due to radiation, and iii) tumor size.Methods: Patients (n = 465) aged up to 50 years at diagnosis who lived in April, 1986 in six northern, most radiocontaminated regions of Ukraine were studied.Results: Latency period was statistically significantly associated with the reduction of POC level, tumor size and the frequency of fully encapsulated MPTCs. In contrast, the frequency of oncocytic changes and the BRAFV600E mutation increased. Invasive properties and clinical follow-up results did not depend on latency except for a lower frequency of complete remission after postsurgical radioiodine therapy. The POC level was associated with more frequent extrathyroidal extension, and lymphatic/vascular invasion, less frequent oncocytic changes and BRAFV600E, and did not associate with any clinical indicator. Tumor size was negatively associated with the latency period and BRAFV600E, and had a statistically significant effect on invasive properties of MPTCs: both the integrative invasiveness score and its components such as lymphatic/vascular invasion, extrathyroidal extension and lymph node metastases increased. The frequency of total thyroidectomy, neck lymph node dissection and radioiodine therapy also increased with the larger tumor size. The duration of the latency period, POC level or tumor size did not associate with the chance of disease recurrence.Discussion: In summary, we did not observe overall worsening of the clinicopathological features or treatment results of radiogenic MPTCs that could be associated with the latency period or POC level, suggesting that radiation history did not strongly affect those in the analyzed MPTC patients. However, the increase in the invasive properties with tumor size indicates the need for individual risk stratification for each MPTC patient, regardless of radiation history, for treatment decision-making

The high degree of similarity in histopathological and clinical characteristics between radiogenic and sporadic papillary thyroid microcarcinomas in young patients

The potential overtreatment of patients with papillary thyroid rocarcinoma(MPTC) has been an important clinical problem in endocrine oncology over the past decade. At the same time, current clinical guidelines tend to consider prior radiation exposure as a contraindication to less extensive surgery, even for lowrisk thyroid carcinomas, which primarily include microcarcinomas. This study aims to determine whether there are differences in the behavior of MPTC of two etiological forms (radiogenic and sporadic), including invasive properties, clinical data, and recurrence in patients aged up to 30 years. For this purpose, 136 radiogenic (from patients aged up to 18 years at the time of the Chornobyl accident) and 83 sporadic (from patients born after the Chornobyl accident) MPTCs were selected and compared using univariate and multivariate statistical methods in a whole group and in age and tumor size subgroups. No evidence of more aggressive clinical and histopathological behavior of radiogenic MPTCs as compared to sporadic tumors for basic structural, invasive characteristics, treatment options, and postoperative follow-up results was found. Moreover, radiogenic MPTCs were characterized by the lower frequencies of oncocytic changes (OR = 0.392, p = 0.004), nodal disease (OR = 0.509, p = 0.050), and more frequent complete remission (excellent response) after radioiodine therapy (OR = 9.174, p = 0.008). These results strongly suggest that internal irradiation does not affect tumor phenotype, does not associate with more pronounced invasive properties, and does not worse prognosis in pediatric or young adult patients with MPTC, implying that radiation history may be not a pivotal factor for determining treatment strategy in such patients