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Analyzing the Impact of Covid-19 Control Policies on Campus Occupancy and Mobility via Passive WiFi Sensing

Mobile sensing has played a key role in providing digital solutions to aid with COVID-19 containment policies. These solutions include, among other efforts, enforcing social distancing and monitoring crowd movements in indoor spaces. However, such solutions may not be effective without mass adoption. As more and more countries reopen from lockdowns, there remains a pressing need to minimize crowd movements and interactions, particularly in enclosed spaces. This paper conjectures that analyzing user occupancy and mobility via deployed WiFi infrastructure can help institutions monitor and maintain safety compliance according to the public health guidelines. Using smartphones as a proxy for user location, our analysis demonstrates how coarse-grained WiFi data can sufficiently reflect indoor occupancy spectrum when different COVID-19 policies were enacted. Our work analyzes staff and students' mobility data from three different university campuses. Two of these campuses are in Singapore, and the third is in the Northeastern United States. Our results show that online learning, split-team, and other space management policies effectively lower occupancy. However, they do not change the mobility for individuals transitioning between spaces. We demonstrate how this data source can be put to practical application for institutional crowd control and discuss the implications of our findings for policy-making.Comment: 25 pages, 18 figure

Hypoglycemia, With or Without Insulin Therapy, Is Associated With Increased Mortality Among Hospitalized Patients

OBJECTIVE Hypoglycemia is associated with increased mortality in hospitalized patients. We investigated the relationship between spontaneous hypoglycemia versus insulin-associated hypoglycemia and mortality in hospitalized patients. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Data for this retrospective cohort study were obtained from electronic databases of patients admitted between 1 April 2008 and 30 November 2010. Patients with one or more blood glucose values ≤50 mg/dL on point-of-care glucose testing were considered hypoglycemic. Patients treated with insulin were assumed to have insulin-associated hypoglycemia. Age-, sex-, and race-matched patients with all blood glucose values >70 mg/dL were selected as controls. The Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) was used to control for severity of illness. RESULTS There were four groups: 1) noninsulin-treated hypoglycemia (NTH) (n = 135), 2) insulin-treated hypoglycemia (ITH) (n = 961), 3) noninsulin-treated control (NTC) (n = 1,058), and 4) insulin-treated control (ITC) (n = 736). Mortality was higher in the ITH group compared with the ITC group (20.3 vs. 4.5%, P < 0.0001), with a relatively higher CCI (1.8 vs. 1.5%, P < 0.0001), but much higher in the NTH group compared with the NTC group (34.5 vs. 1.1%, P < 0.0001), with much higher CCI (2.4 vs. 1.1%, P < 0.0001). Mortality was higher in the NTH group compared with the ITH group (P < 0.0001) but lower in the NTC group compared with the ITC group (P < 0.0001). After controlling for age, sex, CCI, and admission to the intensive care unit, insulin treatment was associated with a lower mortality among the hypoglycemic patients; hazard ratio of death in the ITH group relative to the NTH group was 0.34 (95% CI 0.25–0.47, P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Insulin-associated and spontaneous hypoglycemia are associated with increased mortality among hospitalized patients

A longitudinal observational study of user’s perspective of use of Copper-T-380-A inserted in immediate post partum period at a tertiary health care centre in Central India

Background: The study aims to understand user’s perspective & complaints due to Copper-T-380A inserted during the immediate postpartum period and to assess the expulsion rate, voluntary removal & mean duration of use. The study also aims to find out reasons for voluntary removal of the IUD.Methods: A longitudinal observational was conducted in tertiary health care center in central India during July-2009 to June 2010. A total of 360 women were enrolled who had immediate post partum IUD insertion. They were interviewed within 48 hours of IUD insertion using a preformed pre tested questionnaire & followed after 1.5, 3 & 6 months in field visits. Results: Of all 74.51% users continued using it upto 22.04±2.66 weeks. The cumulative expulsion rate at the end of 6 months was 16.62%. Most common interval of expulsion was after 3.6±1.5 weeks of IUD insertion. Almost 24.58% users had voluntary removal of IUD after a mean duration of 9.34±3.54 weeks following insertion. The most common reason for voluntary removal of IUD is lower abdominal pain in 13.5%. No instance of uterine perforation, sepsis or hyperpyrexia was noted.Conclusion: Immediate postpartum IUD insertion is safe means of contraception. There is a gradual decline in the discomfort caused by an IUD with time. But there is high expulsion rate

Immediate postpartum IUD: analysis of factors making it contraceptive of choice

Background: Intrauterine devices are convenient, long term, reversible means of contraceptive. They are user friendly due to one-time application, ease of removal and immediate return of fertility on its removal. The Immediate Postpartum IUD is inserted in women within 48 hours, after normal delivery. The study aims to understand factors responsible for making IUD as the contraceptive of choice. It also identifies various social, demographic factors responsible for making IUD as the contraceptive of choice.Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was done using pretested questionnaire. In total 470 subjects were interviewed. The data were collected and compiled using MS-excel and analyzed by using Epi info-7. Data is presented in terms of proportions.Results: The acceptance of IUD as a contraceptive was not statistically associated with age & income of the user. Acceptance for IUD increased with literacy (P = 0.003). Almost 77.8% users were satisfied by the IUD. In total, 66.68% users, who continued using IUD did not feel any discomfort. The compliance of IUD was significantly associated with the discomfort caused (P = 0.0008) which was found to be most important reason for its removal. The commonest reason for adoption of IUD was a long duration of its use. It was seen that 23.40% previous contraceptive users and 39.41% new IUD users accepted it as contraceptive. Its acceptance is especially more in previous IUD users.Conclusions: Immediate post-partum IUCD has high acceptability and more than 75% users are satisfied and consider it as a contraceptive option.

Synthesis, Antifungal Activity and Molecular Docking Studies on N-(Substituted-benzylidineamine)-3- cycloalkylidine-thiosemicarbazide Derivatives

A series of substituted N-(Benzylidineamine)-3-cycloalkylidine-thiosemicarbazide derivatives have been synthesized, characterized and evaluated for their antifungal and antibacterial activities. The newly synthesized compounds were characterized by IR, NMR, Mass and elemental analysis. All compounds were tested for antifungal and antibacterial activities. The preliminary results revealed that some of the compounds exhibited promising antifungal activities. Among the tested compounds, compound 14 (MIC 8 µg/mL) and 25 (MIC 8 µg/mL) were the most effective against C. Tropicalis. Important SAR information was also gathered. Molecular modeling investigations showed that the active compounds may interact at the active site of the fungal cytochrome P450-dependent sterol 14α- demethylase (CYP51) in the sterol biosynthesis pathway.

Design of Double Barrier Ceramic Radio Frequency Vacuum Window

Vacuum windows are an essential part of any radio frequency (RF) system which launches/couples RF power from an atmospheric to a vacuum environment. This paper describes the RF design of a double barrier ceramic coaxial vacuum window. Alumina 99.5% pure is considered as ceramic barrier material while inner and outer conductors are oxygen-free copper. As the initial design approach the thickness, slope, depth of ceramic in the conductor is varied and the performance of the window is studied. The design is optimised to achieve the best insertion loss, return loss response for operating frequency range up to 65MHz

Ultrasound-Guided Transversus Abdominis Plane Block Versus Intraperitoneal Instillation of Bupivacaine after Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy – A Randomized Control Trial

Background: Postoperative pain prolongs hospital stay after laparoscopic cholecystectomy and remains a major challenge during the postoperative period. Effective pain control encourages early ambulation, which significantly reduces postoperative complications. In recent years, multimodal analgesia has been recommended with fewer adverse effects and more effective analgesia. The primary objective of this study was to compare the efficacy of analgesia between Transversus Abdominis Plane Block (TAP) Block and intraperitoneal instillation of bupivacaine by comparing the meantime of the first dose of rescue analgesia in either group and the total supplementary analgesia required. Methods: This retrospective observational study was conducted on 150 patients who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy Group 1 comprised of patients who had received Intraperitoneal Bupivacaine for analgesia and Group 2 received TAP Block for pain relief. Results: Time of the first dose of analgesia after surgery was observed earlier in Group 1 as compared to Group 2 (Time – hours: 9.2 ± 2 vs. 12.3 ± 1.6; p = 0.0001. The Total dose of analgesic was higher in the Intra Peritoneal Bupivacaine Group as compared to the TAP group. Conclusion: AP block provided for a better quality of analgesia as assessed by the reduced requirement of intravenous supplementary analgesia which was less in patients who were given TAP Block as compared to local instillation of Bupivacaine. Keywords: Cholecystectomy, Bupivacaine, Transversus abdominis plane bloc

A Cross-sectional Study to Assess the Incidence of Adverse Drug Reactions to the Covishield Vaccine among Healthcare Workers of a Tertiary Care Government Institute in North India

Background: Vaccines are a key strategy to stop the COVID19 pandemic. The present study was conducted to assess the incidence of Adverse Drug Reactions to the Covishield vaccine among healthcare workers. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional, observational, questionnaire-based study was carried out on healthcare workers of R.U.H.S. College of Medical Sciences, Jaipur, Rajasthan. The study tool consisted of a digital questionnaire. Results: The present study was carried out among 316 healthcare workers who received the first dose of the Covishield vaccine. 83 (26.26%) participants complained of side effects after receiving the first dose of the Covishield vaccine. Fatigue (64), fever (52), body ache (40), swelling at the vaccination site (35), headache (25), and pain in the limb (18) were the most prevalent symptoms. Most post-vaccination symptoms were found to be mild. 67 participants showed side effects of vaccination within 24 hours while 16 showed side effects after 24 hours. Conclusion: This study reflects that one fourth of participants complained of side effects after receiving the first dose of the Covishield vaccine. These side effects are not severe and should not be an obstacle to the successful control of the Covid-19 pandemic in India