Interactive access and management for four-dimensional environmental data sets using McIDAS

Significant accomplishments in the past year are presented and include the following: (1) enhancements to VIS-5D; (2) Implementation of the VIS AD System; and (3) numerical modeling applications. Focus of current research and plans for next year in the following areas are briefly discussed: (1) continued development and application of the VIS-AD system; (2) further enhancements to VIS-5D; and (3) plans for modeling applications

A 3-dimensional numerical simulation of the atmospheric injection of aerosols by a hypothetical basaltic fissure eruption

Researchers simulated the atmospheric response to a hypothetical basaltic fissure eruption using heating rates based on the Roza flow eruption. The simulation employs the Colorado State University Regional Atmospheric Model (RAMS) with scavenging effects. The numerical model is a three-dimensional non-hydrostatic time-split compressible cloud/mesoscale model. Explicit microphysics include prediction of cloud, rain, crystal, and hail precipitation types. Nucleation and phoretic scavenging are predicted assuming that the pollutant makes an effective cloud droplet nucleus. Smoke is carried as a passive tracer. Long and short wave radiation heating tendencies, including the effects of the smoke, are parameterized. The longwave emission by the lava surface is neglected in the parameterization and included as an explicit heating term instead. A regional scale domain of 100 x 100 km in the horizontal and 22 km high is used. The horizontal grid spacing is taken to be 2 km and the vertical spacing is taken to be 0.75 km. The initial atmospheric state is taken to be horizontally homogenous and based on the standard atmospheric sounding. The fissure is assumed to be 90 km long and oriented in a zig/zag pattern

Evaluation and development of satellite inferences of convective storm intensity using combined case study analysis and thunderstorm model simulations

Major research accomplishments which were achieved during the first year of the grant are summarized. The research concentrated in the following areas: (1) an examination of observational requirements for predicting convective storm development and intensity as suggested by recent numerical experiments; (2) interpretation of recent 3D numerical experiments with regard to the relationship between overshooting tops and surface wind gusts; (3) the development of software for emulating satellite-inferred cloud properties using 3D cloud model predicted data; and (4) the development of a conceptual/semi-quantitative model of eastward propagating, mesoscale convective complexes forming to the lee of the Rocky Mountains

Fashion Forward: The Need for a Proactive Approach to the Counterfeit Epidemic

In the last two decades, the overall activity of the counterfeit market has expanded and risen 10,000 percent. This dramatic shift corresponds to growth of the Internet, which has unified the fascination of obtaining cheap, illegitimate goods with the efficiency of a mouse click. With the expected continued inflation of the counterfeit market comes a host of new concerns, namely, how to determine who is responsible for the distribution of these knockoffs, and who should be ordained to limit them in the marketplace. In both the United States and the European Union, however, outdated laws produce a mélange of inadequate solutions to these issues. This Note examines these burden structures currently in place by the United States and EU States, and argues that the laws are insufficient, from both a cost and a pragmatic perspective. It concludes, therefore that the increase in the global counterfeit market demands a heightened standard of care from intermediaries than currently required by law and practice

PROSEDUR AKUNTANSI PENJUALAN AIR BERSIH PADA PDAM TIRTA DAROY KOTA BANDA ACEH

RINGKASANPDAM Tirta Daroy Kota Banda Aceh sebuah instansi pemerintah yang dibawahi langsung oleh Gubernur. PDAM Tirta Daroy Kota Banda Aceh merupakan layanan air bersih bagi masyarakat untuk kebutuhan hidup yang lebih sehat dan terjamin. Oleh karena itu pengelolaan secara akuntansi juga harus jelas, supaya lebih mudah di pahami bagaimana dana masuk dan dana keluarnya.Maka tujuan dari penulisan LKP ini adalah untuk memberitahukan gambaran tentang akuntansi peenjualan air bersih pada PDAM Tirta Daroy Kota Banda Aceh untuk mempermudah pencatatan segala transaksi

Dry Reforming of Methane with CO2 over Supported Fe-Ni Bimetallic and Fe-Ni-Mo Trimetallic Heterogeneous Catalysts

Bimetallic and Fe-Ni-Mo Trimetallic Heterogeneous Catalysts Global warming has become an issue concerning the emission of CO2 which is a greenhouse gas. Methane is a major component of natural gas which is inexpensive and very attainable. Combining CO2 and CH4 in a single process to produce value added chemicals is very desirable. The primary objective of this study is to develop novel iron based catalysts to enhance the reaction of CO2 with CH4. The heterogeneous Fe-based bimetallic and trimetallic catalysts were synthesized via a wet incipient impregnation method to uniformly coat the metal salts to the pre-treated support (SiC, SiO2 and ZrO2). The catalyst was dried in the oven at 80 degrees C for two hours before subjected to the furnace to calcine at 450 degrees C for five hours. The synthesized catalysts are to be tested for CO2 dry reforming with methane through a flow bed reactor with controlled CO2 and CH4 flow rate and online GC analysis to determine the catalyst performance such as selectivity, conversion and stability. Catalyst characterization such as Brunauer Emmett Teller (BET) surface area, pore size and volume, Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and CO Chemisorption and Temperature Programed Reaction (TPR) will be carried out at Brookhaven National Laboratory with an aim to establish relationships between activity and properties. The fundamental study will serve as great guidance for us to understand the reaction pathway of dry reforming of CO2 with CH4

A Novel Method for the Quantitative Analysis of Behavior

A Novel Method for the Quantitative Analysis of Behavior A novel data analysis method was developed and conducted on data collected in an earlier behavioral experiment. The data were re-analyzed in the present study by compiling the data into paired serial rank order (PSRO). Thus, in the first session, a pair of animals, a control animal and a experimental animal, were selected because both had the lowest number of errors in their group for that session. Then, the next pair of animals with the second best performance were compared, then the third best pair were compared, etc. PSRO analysis was conducted for every one of 12 training sessions. Individual animals in the experimental group almost always performed worse when compared to a PSRO control animal, even though the rank order of individual animals often changed. The resulting PSRO graphs show much clearer differences visually than group averaged data that are typically analyzed