Road Transportation Development and Land Use Changes in Semarang City, Central Java, Indonesia

This research aims to make a historical mapping of the development of road infrastructure and the impact on land use changes. A historical analysis was conducted based on the documents and reports of transportation development, road construction, and urban planning in Semarang City, the capital city of Central Java, Indonesia. From a historical perspective, the transportation development and the land use change of Semarang City were determined by economic activities from the early period of colonialism, especially when this city was devoted as a port city in Java with massive coastal inhabitants. Along with this economic activity, ports and roads were built, accelerating the city’s development until the mid of 20th century. Road construction generated urban problems such as rapid urbanization, and environmental problems. Meanwhile, the road construction also accelerated the city agglomeration, connecting Semarang City with other cities on the Java North Coast. However, in the 1990s the symptom of the use of private transportation occurred in Semarang which became the most critical issue in the later periods

Carrying capacity and food self-sufficiency of paddy field resources: NDVI analysis in Batang Regency, Central Java Province, Indonesia

Food self-sufficiency policy in Indonesia relies on the sustainability of productive land that meets the requirements for carrying capacity of agricultural land. But the fact is that in various regions, the existence of agricultural land resources is increasingly being degraded in terms of quantity and quality. This study aims to evaluate paddy field with NDVI analysis with extensive GIS calculations and integrated with the food self-sufficiency formulas. Monitoring of paddy field area using remote sensing and mapping techniques has been well recognized and efficient. The research was conducted in Batang Regency, Central Java Province, Indonesia, that annually produces 104,211ton rice on average. The results showed that the production of lowland rice is sufficient to meet the daily rice needs of 897.19 gr per capita. The regency also showed a surplus of rice production of more than 342 gr per capita above the daily needs, fulfilling the criteria of food self-sufficiency. Food self-sufficiency classification is associated with the carrying capacity analysis found ca. 4.179 (α>1), revealing that rice production can fulfil the needs of the population of Batang Regency.  JEL Classification 013; Q00; R1

Generating Mobile Virtual Tour Using UAV and 360 Degree Panorama for Geography-Environmental Learning in Higher Educationw

Nowadays, the limitations of media in geo-environmental learning present a significant challenge, as media plays an indispensable role in fostering students’ comprehensive understanding. Employing technology capable of delivering comprehensive landscape information is crucial for effective environmental education. Utilizing Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) and 360-degree panoramic cameras represents a judicious technological choice, which can be seamlessly integrated into virtual tours. This research aims to develop a Mobile Virtual Tour (Movie-Tour) as a medium to support learning, especially for materials regarding environmental geography. The research and development (RnD) method is used in research with the ADDIE model (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation and Evaluation). Data collection for the development of the product involved conducting a need assessment, performing validation tests and conducting trials with students. To gather field data for creating environmental geography materials for the Movie-Tour product, we utilized an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) and a 360-degree stereoscopic camera. The results demonstrate that Movie- Tour is an educational medium capable of delivering an immersive learning experience and comprehensive materials, allowing for the virtual visualization of real-world conditions in the field. This capability enhances students’ engagement in exploring physical geography conditions, fosters independent knowledge acquisition, and nurtures their innate curiosity. Movie-Tour stands as a potent and practical educational tool, offering an effective and secure learning experience for students, eliminating the need for direct field visits

The Relationship between Population Dynamic and Garang River Upstream Environment in Central Java, Indonesia

The interaction of the human population with nature can cause environmental damage such as the degradation of the watershed carrying capacity. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the relationship between population dynamic and the upstream environment alongside Garang River using four villages including Munding, Lerep, Kalirejo, and Pakintelan. Data were collected from several stakeholders including selected heads of households supported by key informants such as community leaders and the river care communities using field observation, a household survey through questionnaires, in-depth interviews, and documentation. The households used as samples were selected through proportional random sampling and the data retrieved were analyzed through a descriptive quantitative method which involved the cross-tabulation of household data on economic activities and environmental management practices. It was discovered that 1) the population of the Garang River’s upstream was very dynamic with growth rates varying from 1.05% to 3.93%, 2) the main livelihood of the population and dominant land use was the agricultural sector, 3) the community realized that the harmonic relationship with the environment was a critical condition to support farming activities and fulfil daily necessities, and 4) the society kept maintaining the river through different activities such as "bersih sungai" or river cleaning and "sedekah bumi" or thank-giving to the environment. Moreover, the harmonic relationship between the people and the river environment is in form of several activities. These included waste management, cleaning rivers, maintaining clean waterways, actions to create a clean and healthy environment, and joining the efforts to care for the environment. The harmony was observed to have been realized through the integration of diversity, interdependence, unity, and the value of providing care

Penelitian Pendahuluan (Preliminary Research) Intrusi Air Laut di Desa Sriwulan, Demak, Indonesia

Intrusi air asin adalah suatu peristiwa penyusupan air asin ke dalam akuifer di mana air asin menggantikan atau tercampur dengan air tanah tawar yang ada di dalam akuifer. Permasalahan yang timbul dengan adanya intrusi air asin adalah rusaknya air tanah akibat kontaminasi mineral garam laut. karakteristik geomorfologi wilayah Desa Sriwulan, Kecamatan Sayung, Kabupaten Demak yang cenderung datar dan sifat materialnya yang didominasi oleh sedimen alluvial membuat daya resapan air laut semakin tinggi. Penggunaan air tanah yang telah mengalami intrusi untuk dikonsumsi maupun kegiatan lain untuk keperluan domestik, dapat mengganggu kesehatan, karena air ini telah mengandung senyawa garam yang tinggi dan dapat mengganggu metabolisme yang terjadi di dalam tubuh manusia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui distribusi intrusi air asin. Pengukuran geolistrik dilakukan pada tanggal 24 – 25 April 2020. Pengukuran intrusi air asin sendiri diolah dengan menggunakan software Progress untuk mendapatkan interpretasi bawah permukaan menggunaan metode geolistrik resistivitas. Berdasarkan Hasil interpretasi penampang litologi, intrusi air asin terjadi pada kedalaman 0 – 30 m yang memiliki litologi lempung dan lanau pada seluruh lokasi pengukuran di Desa Sriwula

Isolation and enzyme bioprospection of bacteria associated to Bruguiera cylindrica, a mangrove plant of North Sumatra, Indonesia

Publisher Copyright: © 2021 The AuthorsMangrove-associated bacteria are of industrial interest due to their diverse and versatile enzyme properties. This study investigates the culturable bacteria from a wide range of habitat in a Bruguiera cylindrica mangrove ecosystem in North Sumatra. Screening of extracellular hydrolytic enzymes showed multiple potential traits in amylase, cellulase, chitinase, phosphatase, protease, and urease production by bacterial isolates. Molecular identification based on 16S rDNA region of a potential strain, Vibrio alginolyticus Jme3−20 is then reported as a newly proteolytic agent. The strain also showed a stable growth under salinity (NaCl) stress with considerable phosphate solubilization activities. Protease activity was enhanced by optimizing the 0.5 % (w/v) sucrose and soy peptone in the fermentation medium. SDS-PAGE and zymogram analysis showed the presence of a 35-kDa MW protease. Hence, our study revealed important insights into the bacterial diversity and activity in mangrove ecosystems, evidencing the importance of microbial exploration in this ecosystem.Peer reviewe

The Study of Anthropogenic Disturbance on Geopedogenetic Process at the Lower Slope of Mt. Ungaran, Indonesia; Estudo da Perturbação Antropogênica na Vertente Inferior do Mt. Ungaran, Indonésia

Volcanic rocks mining activity will undoubtedly remove vegetation cover and cause the physical environment changes. Revegetation effort as part of land rehabilitation program then often found many obstacles because it was mostly conducted without adequate knowledge of detailed morphology and soil characteristics at the post-mining area. This study investigates the geopedogenetic changes, including land surface morphology, recent geomorphic processes, and soil properties caused by andesite rocks exploitation at the northern flank of Mt. Ungaran, Central Java Province of Indonesia. A digital terrain model was firstly generated from small format aerial photography acquired by an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) to identify the surface morphology changes due to the mining. Soil observation on field and laboratory tests were conducted from samples at the affected and unaffected mining areas to analyze the changes in physicochemical properties. This research exhibits that the mining activities have altered a single 60 m convex hill into a complex land surface morphology consisting of the sloping zone, basins, and flat area. Human disturbance on the pedogenetic process at the mining area is in the form of parent material alteration that makes them return to the early stage of soil development and topsoil reduction that modifies its genetic horizons. In addition, the changes in surface morphology and the absence of vegetation cover right after the mining ends also triggered new geomorphic processes in the form of incision and deposition on slopes and basins respectively. The finer deposit layers then become a new parent material at the basin zone. Soil laboratory data demonstrate that the affected soils tend to have a high level of base saturation for more than 10, but lower C-organic ca. 0.71 on Horizon A and 0.08 on Horizon B and N-total levels ca. 0.15 on Horizon A and 0.12 in Horizon B, which result in a less favorable environment for supporting vegetation growth. A precise surface morphology design, extra soil surface protection, and organic matter enhancement could be wise recommendations for land managers to control soil incision and support vegetation growth at the andesite post-mining area. © 2022 Uniao Brasileira de Geomorfologia. All rights reserved

Rural–Urban Transformation and Landuse Dynamics in Gunungpati on the Northern Flank of Mt. Ungaran, Semarang, Indonesia

Most of the northern flank of Mt. Ungaran is subject to intensive land occupation that makes landuse change inevitable. The research objectives of this study were to examine the spatial patterns of land-use dynamics from 1997 to 2018 and to analyze their impact on the rural–urban structure of Gunungpati sub-district using on-screen digitation. Rural–urban structure was analyzed based on landuse composition by area in each village. This research revealed that forest areas and paddy fields were decreasing year by year. Over the study period of 21 years, Gunungpati experienced deforestation of 1,777 ha and increase in built-up area of 1,295 ha, forcing shifting in rural structure. Most villages that were categorized as rural frame zones in 1997 had changed into urban–rural frame zones by 2018. This situation must be controlled, since much of Gunungpati territory plays a significant role as a groundwater recharge zone for the Semarang lowland area.