Median nerve neuropathy in the forearm due to recurrence of anterior wrist ganglion that originates from the scaphotrapezial joint: Case Report

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Median nerve neuropathy caused by compression from a tumor in the forearm is rare. Cases with anterior wrist ganglion have high recurrence rates despite surgical treatment. Here, we report the recurrence of an anterior wrist ganglion that originated from the Scaphotrapezial joint due to incomplete resection and that caused median nerve neuropathy in the distal forearm.</p> <p>Case presentation</p> <p>A 47-year-old right-handed housewife noted the appearance of soft swelling on the volar aspect of her left distal forearm, and local resection surgery was performed twice at another hospital. One year after the last surgery, the swelling reappeared and was associated with numbness and pain in the radial volar aspect of the hand. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed that the multicystic lesion originated from the Scaphotrapezial joint and had expanded beyond the wrist. Exploration of the left median nerve showed that it was compressed by a large ovoid cystic lesion at the distal forearm near the proximal end of the carpal tunnel. We resected the cystic lesion to the Scaphotrapezial joint. Her symptoms disappeared 1 week after surgery, and complications or recurrent symptoms were absent 13 months after surgery.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>A typical median nerve compression was caused by incomplete resection of an anterior wrist ganglion, which may have induced widening of the cyst. Cases with anterior wrist ganglion have high recurrence rates and require extra attention in their treatment.</p

The Spatial Distribution of mtDNA and Phylogeographic Analysis of the Ant Cardiocondyla kagutsuchi (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Japan

In this study, we investigated the geographical distribution of haplotypes of Cardiocondyla kagutsuchi Terayama in Japan using COI/II mitochondrial DNA. We also examined their genealogy with C. kagutsuchi in other areas and their close relative species. Four haplotypes were found. While two of them were found in a limited area (Ishigaki and Okinawa Islands) separately, the others were distributed widely across Honsyu, Shikoku, and Kyusyu areas in Japan. The newly invaded area by C. kagutsuchi in Japan was Shizuoka prefecture. Their haplotype of Shizuoka were the same as the two haplotypes of the Honsyu, Shikoku, and Kyusyu areas. The haplotype network showed that the two haplotypes were distant from each other. The distance between them was 33, even though the two haplotypes are distributed in the same area. From the phylogenetic tree that we constructed, we found that C. strigifrons was in the same clade as C. kagutsuchi

Noninvasive monitoring of deterioration in skeletal muscle function with forearm cast immobilization and the prevention of deterioration

BACKGROUND: In this research inactivity was simulated by immobilizing the forearm region in a plaster cast. Changes in skeletal muscle oxidative function were measured using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), and the preventative effect of the training protocol on deterioration of skeletal muscle and the clinical utility of NIRS were examined. METHODS: Fourteen healthy adult men underwent immobilization of the forearm of the non-dominant arm by plaster cast for 21 days. Eight healthy adult subjects were designated as the immobilization group (IMM) and six were designated as the immobilization + training group (IMM+TRN). Grip strength, forearm circumference and dynamic handgrip exercise endurance were measured before and after the 21-day immobilization period. Using NIRS, changes in oxidative function of skeletal muscles were also evaluated. Muscle oxygen consumption recovery was recorded after the completion of 60 seconds of 40% maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) dynamic handgrip exercise 1 repetition per 4 seconds and the recovery time constant (TcVO(2)mus) was calculated. RESULTS: TcVO(2)mus for the IMM was 59.7 ± 5.5 seconds (average ± standard error) before immobilization and lengthened significantly to 70.4 ± 5.4 seconds after immobilization (p < 0.05). For the IMM+TRN, TcVO(2)mus was 78.3 ± 6.2 seconds before immobilization and training and shortened significantly to 63.1 ± 5.6 seconds after immobilization and training (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The training program used in this experiment was effective in preventing declines in muscle oxidative function and endurance due to immobilization. The experimental results suggest that non-invasive monitoring of skeletal muscle function by NIRS would be possible in a clinical setting

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It is well known that hydroxyapatite (HAP), which has a high tissue affinity and superior bone conductivity, shows different characteristics depending on the sintering temperature. This study prepared single hydroxyapatite (SHAP) and coated hydroxyapatite (CHAP). The SHAP was sintered at high temperature (1250℃). The structure of CHAP was low temperature (150℃) sintered apatite coated with SHAP. The usefulness of CHAP for bone formation was examined in cylindrical bone defects (diameter : 5mm ; depth : 9mm) created in the mandible of adult dogs 2 months after extraction of the teeth (P4, M1). Calcein (8mg/kg) was injected 2 days before scarification and mandibular bone was removed at 7, 14, 30, 60, 90, and 120days. The explanted bone was fixed in 10% formaldehyde in saline and soaked in Villanueva bone stain solution. Non-demineralized coronal sections (70μm) were made and observed by fluorescence microscopy and microradiography. At 7days after implantation, bone formation occurred from the cavity surface in the CHAP group, but not in the SHAP group. At 14days, newly formed bone was observed around the HAP particles only in the CHAP group. Bone formation in the CHAP group was more rapid than in the SHAP group until 90days, though no significant differences were observed at 120days. These results suggest that CHAP particles may be useful as a filling material for bone defects in the field of oral and maxillofacial surgery

Antibody survey on avian influenza viruses using egg yolks of ducks in Hanoi between 2010 and 2012

In Vietnam, numerous surveillance programs are conducted to monitor the prevalence of avian influenza (AI) viruses. Three serological methods-the agar-gel immunodiffusion test, hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay-are well established for detection of AI virus antibodies in poultry sera. Several recent reports have validated egg yolk as an alternative source for detection of AI virus antibodies. In this study, we investigated AI virus antibodies in ducks by HI testing using egg yolk. Ten duck eggs were collected every month from 10 randomly selected markets in Hanoi from April 2010 to March 2012. The HI test was performed using low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) viruses (H3, H4, H6, H7, H9, and H11 subtypes) and highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses (H5N1 clade 2.3.4 and 2.3.2.1) as antigens. HI testing for H3, H6, and H9 was 29% positive in November 2010, 50% positive in October and November 2010, and 12% positive in June 2011. These results indicated that several epidemics of LPAI viruses had occurred during the study period. In addition, antibodies against H7 were negative. The results of HI testing for H5N1 showed that the reactivity of the dominant HI antibody shifted from H5N1 clade 2.3.4 to clade 2.3.2.1. In conclusion, egg yolk is useful for long term monitoring of AI virus antibodies and the use of egg-based antibody detection may contribute to improvements in animal welfare

Isolation and characterization of H6N1 and H9N2 avian influenza viruses from Ducks in Hanoi, Vietnam.

We report the genetic characterization of low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) viruses isolated from domestic ducks in northern Vietnam in 2009. In total, 22 influenza A viruses consisting of 21 H6N1 subtypes and one H9N2 subtype were isolated from 1488 ducks collected in February, March, and April 2009, accounting the overall virus isolation rate for 1.5%. No H5N1 strain was isolated in this study. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that all the eight genes of the H6N1 and H9N2 subtypes analyzed in this study were similar to those isolated in Korea, southeast China and northern Japan, and wild birds which migrate along the coastal East Asian Flyway are estimated to transmit these viruses. There was no evidence that the H6N1 and H9N2 subtypes share the gene segments with H5N1 subtypes. However, it is important to monitor the prevalence and genetical backgrounds of LPAI viruses among poultry in an area where several different influenza A subtypes are in circulation

The characterization of low pathogenic avian influenza viruses isolated from wild birds in northern Vietnam from 2006 to 2009

Due to concerns that wild birds could possibly spread H5N1 viruses, surveillance was conducted to monitor the types of avian influenza viruses circulating among the wild birds migrating to or inhabiting in northern Vietnam from 2006 to 2009. An H5N2 virus isolated from a Eurasian woodcock had a close phylogenetic relationship to H5 viruses recently isolated in South Korea and Japan, suggesting that H5N2 has been shared between Vietnam, South Korea, and Japan. An H9N2 virus isolated from a Chinese Hwamei was closely related to two H9N2 viruses that were isolated from humans in Hong Kong in 2009, suggesting that an H9N2 strain relevant to the human isolates had been transmitted to and maintained among the wild bird population in Vietnam and South China. The results support the idea that wild bird species play a significant role in the spread and maintenance of avian influenza and that this also occurs in Vietnam

Molecular epidemiology of avian influenza viruses circulating among healthy poultry flocks in farms in northern Vietnam.

Repeated epizootics of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus subtype H5N1 were reported from 2003 to 2005 among poultry in Vietnam. More than 200 million birds were killed to control the spread of the disease. Human cases of H5N1 infection have been sporadically reported in an area where repeated H5N1 outbreaks among birds had occurred. Subtype H5N1 strains are established as endemic among poultry in Vietnam, however, insights into how avian influenza viruses including the H5N1 subtype are maintained in endemic areas is not clear. In order to determine the prevalence of different avian influenza viruses (AIVs), including H5N1 circulating among poultry in northern Vietnam, surveillance was conducted during the years 2006-2009. A subtype H5N1 strain was isolated from an apparently healthy duck reared on a farm in northern Vietnam in 2008 and was identified as an HPAI. Although only one H5N1 virus was isolated, it supports the view that healthy domestic ducks play a pivotal role in maintaining and transmitting H5N1 viruses which cause disease outbreaks in northern Vietnam. In addition, a total of 26 AIVs with low pathogenicity were isolated from poultry and phylogenetic analysis of all the eight gene segments revealed their diverse genetical backgrounds, implying that reassortments have occurred frequently among strains in northern Vietnam. It is, therefore, important to monitor the prevalence of influenza viruses among healthy poultry between epidemics in an area where AIVs are endemic

結晶化ガラス顆粒の臨床応用

This reports tha development of bioactive glass ceramic particles and evaluates their use inclinical applications. 1. The subjects of the evaluation were 13 impacted teeth, 17 intramaxillary cysts (not including radicular cysts), and 7 atrophic mandibular alveolar ridges. 2. The results were classified into effective, slightly effective, ineffective, and harmful, a very high proportion, 33 or 89.3%,were judged effective or slightly effective. 3. None were evaluated to be harmful, showing the safety of the present material. Among the ineffective cases there were open wounds due to infection, leakage of the supplied material, and fistulation. In cases where inflammation had not disappeared at the supply there were cases where the particles had to be completely removed due to infection, It was determined the that this was not due to the material, but possidly due to the surgical procedures, as there were no further complications in the tretment. 4. From the results reported here, the bioactive glass ceramic material here was found to be useful in the articial bone needed after atrophic mandibular alveolar ridge surgery