68 research outputs found
The Nakano-Nishijima-Gell-Mann Formula From Discrete Galois Fields
The well known Nakano-Nishijima-Gell-Mann (NNG) formula relates certain
quantum numbers of elementary particles to their charge number. This equation,
which phenomenologically introduces the quantum numbers (isospin),
(strangeness), etc., is constructed using group theory with real numbers
. But, using a discrete Galois field instead of
and assuring the fundamental invariance laws such as unitarity,
Lorentz invariance, and gauge invariance, we derive the NNG formula deductively
from Meson (two quarks) and Baryon (three quarks) representations in a unified
way. Moreover, we show that quark confinement ascribes to the inevitable
fractionality caused by coprimeness between half-integer (1/2) of isospin and
number of composite particles (e.g. three).Comment: 14 pages, 4 figures, 2 table
Perforating eyelid injury extending to the brain stem in a 17-year-old woman: a case report
フクマク ハシュ オ トモナッタ コウド シンコウ イガン ニ タイスル TS 1 ニヨル ジュツゼン カガク リョウホウ ノ ユウヨウセイ
TS -1 is an oral anticancer agent developed by utilizing biochemical modulation. We
used TS -1in neoadjuvant chemotherapy for a patient with highly advanced gastric cancer
that was accompanied by peritoneal dissemination. This enabled us to resect tumor.
This patient was a60-year-old woman. Fluoroscopic upper gastrointestinal series revealed
a circumferential, type4lesion extending from the middle of the corpus to the antrum. This
was diagnosed by endoscopy as poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. CT showed ascites,
thickening of the gastric wall, and direct infiltration into the head of the pancreas. In
endoscopy of the large bowel, a strawberry jelly-like elevation was detected at the ileum.
This was diagnosed as poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma, and considered a metastatic
lesion produced by dissemination. Chest CT showed a single metastasis in the upper lobe
of the right lung. We gave her3cycles of combined TS-1and low-dose CDDP for neoadjuvant
chemotherapy. On laparotomy, we found that there was no ascites, and miliary scars were
present at several sites near the ascending colon. The antrum of the stomach firmly adhered
to the head of the pancreas, and scarred. We judged that the tumor was resectable, and
performed distal gastrectomy(D2)plus ileocecal resection(D2).
In histopathological examination, poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma was detected
only on a part of the muscular layer in the lesser curvature and posterior wall of the corpus,
and marked fibrosis was observed in the submucosal layer. The effect of chemotherapy was
histologically evaluated as grade2. The tumor was diagnosed as poorly differentiated
adenocarcinoma(por), with muscularis propria(mp), lymph invasion2(ly2),vein invasion
0(v0)and degree of lymph node metastasis2(+)[n2(+)]. Tubular adenocarcinoma was
detected in a part of the submucosal layer of the ileum. The patient was alive with cancer
as of27months after operation
チョメイナ ノウホウ ケイセイ オ トモナッタ カンサイボウ ガン ノ 1ジケンレイ
It is said that in hepatocellular carcinoma, necrosis is liable to occur in the center and
the percentage of cystic formation is comparatively low, but as we have experienced one
case of hepatocellular carcinoma associated with marked cystic formation, we reported it.
The patient was a female aged70years. Because general fatigue and anorexia occurred,
Abdominal CT test was conducted and hepatic mass was pointed out. Contrast-CT test
showed a tumor of6cm in diameter in the medial segment of the left lobe of the liver. As
the border was stained with arterial phase, the center was not imaged and the tumor was
diagnosed as vascular proliferating type hepatic tumor associated with marked cystic
change. MRI test showed that the border of the tumor was lobular and part thereof was of
septal structure. The tumor was diagnosed as hepatocellular carcinoma associated with
bleeding in tumor, hepatic cystadenocarcinoma or hepatic sarcoma. Abdominal angiography
showed not only marked vascular proliferation and tumor stain in the area of the middle
hepatic artery but also early venous return, and the middle hepatic vein was clearly imaged.
The tumor size was 5×5×4cm in size and was in contact with the middle hepatic vein
but it did not invade the vein. Left hepatic lobectomy was performed. Histopathologically
the center of the tumor was cystic with colliquative necrosis. The tumor had the trabecular
structure and the tumor cell was consisted of clear cell. The tumor was thus diagnosed as
poorly differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma. Postoperative course was good and the patient
was discharged from our hospital on the19th day after operation. At the moment when19
months have passed since the operation, the patient is alive without any recurrence of
carcinoma
Plaque REgression with Cholesterol absorption Inhibitor or Synthesis inhibitor Evaluated by IntraVascular UltraSound (PRECISE-IVUS Trial): Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
AbstractBackgroundAlthough the positive association between achieved low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) level and the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) has been confirmed by randomized studies with statins, many patients remain at high residual risk of events suggesting the necessity of novel pharmacologic strategies. The combination of ezetimibe/statin produces greater reductions in LDL-C compared to statin monotherapy.PurposeThe Plaque REgression with Cholesterol absorption Inhibitor or Synthesis inhibitor Evaluated by IntraVascular UltraSound (PRECISE-IVUS) trial was aimed at evaluating the effects of ezetimibe addition to atorvastatin, compared with atorvastatin monotherapy, on coronary plaque regression and change in lipid profile in patients with CAD.MethodsThe study is a prospective, randomized, controlled, multicenter study. The eligible patients undergoing IVUS-guided percutaneous coronary intervention will be randomly assigned to receive either atorvastatin alone or atorvastatin plus ezetimibe (10mg) daily using a web-based randomization software. The dosage of atorvastatin will be increased by titration within the usual dose range with a treatment goal of lowering LDL-C below 70mg/dL based on consecutive measures of LDL-C at follow-up visits. IVUS will be performed at baseline and 9–12 months follow-up time point at participating cardiovascular centers. The primary endpoint will be the nominal change in percent coronary atheroma volume measured by volumetric IVUS analysis.ConclusionPRECISE-IVUS will assess whether the efficacy of combination of ezetimibe/atorvastatin is noninferior to atorvastatin monotherapy for coronary plaque reduction, and will translate into increased clinical benefit of dual lipid-lowering strategy in a Japanese population
Impact of Dual Lipid-Lowering Strategy With Ezetimibe and Atorvastatin on Coronary Plaque Regression in Patients With Percutaneous Coronary Intervention The Multicenter Randomized Controlled PRECISE-IVUS Trial
AbstractBackgroundDespite standard statin therapy, a majority of patients retain a high “residual risk” of cardiovascular events.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of ezetimibe plus atorvastatin versus atorvastatin monotherapy on the lipid profile and coronary atherosclerosis in Japanese patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).MethodsThis trial was a prospective, randomized, controlled, multicenter study. Eligible patients who underwent PCI were randomly assigned to atorvastatin alone or atorvastatin plus ezetimibe (10 mg) daily. Atorvastatin was uptitrated with a treatment goal of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) <70 mg/dl. Serial volumetric intravascular ultrasound was performed at baseline and again at 9 to 12 months to quantify the coronary plaque response in 202 patients.ResultsThe combination of atorvastatin/ezetimibe resulted in lower levels of LDL-C than atorvastatin monotherapy (63.2 ± 16.3 mg/dl vs. 73.3 ± 20.3 mg/dl; p < 0.001). For the absolute change in percent atheroma volume (PAV), the mean difference between the 2 groups (–1.538%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: –3.079% to 0.003%) did not exceed the pre-defined noninferiority margin of 3%, but the absolute change in PAV did show superiority for the dual lipid-lowering strategy (–1.4%; 95% CI: –3.4% to –0.1% vs. –0.3%; 95% CI: –1.9% to 0.9% with atorvastatin alone; p = 0.001). For PAV, a significantly greater percentage of patients who received atorvastatin/ezetimibe showed coronary plaque regression (78% vs. 58%; p = 0.004). Both strategies had acceptable side effect profiles, with a low incidence of laboratory abnormalities and cardiovascular events.ConclusionsCompared with standard statin monotherapy, the combination of statin plus ezetimibe showed greater coronary plaque regression, which might be attributed to cholesterol absorption inhibition–induced aggressive lipid lowering. (Plaque Regression With Cholesterol Absorption Inhibitor or Synthesis Inhibitor Evaluated by Intravascular Ultrasound [PRECISE-IVUS]; NCT01043380
Possible interpretations of the joint observations of UHECR arrival directions using data recorded at the Telescope Array and the Pierre Auger Observatory
Synthesis, characterization, and photoluminescence of thiophene-containing spiro compounds
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