Linking pseudouridine synthases to growth, developmentand cell competition

Eukaryotic pseudouridine synthases direct RNA pseudouridylation and bind H⁄ACA small nucleolar RNA (snoRNAs), which, in turn, may act as precursors of microRNA-like molecules. In humans, loss of pseudouridine synthase activity causes dyskeratosis congenita (DC), a complex systemic disorder characterized by cancer susceptibility, failures in ribosome biogenesis and telomere stability, and defects in stem cell formation. Considering the significant interest in deciphering the various molecular consequences of pseudouridine synthase failure, we performed a loss of function analysis of minifly (mfl), the pseudouridine synthase gene of Drosophila, in the wing disc, an advantageous model system for studies of cell growth and differentiation. In this organ, depletion of the mfl-encoded pseudouridine synthase causes a severe reduction in size by decreasing both the number and the size of wing cells. Reduction of cell number was mainly attributable to cell death rather than reduced proliferation, establishing that apoptosis plays a key role in the development of the loss of function mutant phenotype. Depletion of Mfl also causes a proliferative disadvantage in mosaic tissues that leads to the elimination of mutant cells by cell competition. Intriguingly, mfl silencing also triggered unexpected effects on wing patterning and cell differentiation, including deviations from normal lineage boundaries, mingling of cells of different compartments, and defects in the formation of the wing margin that closely mimic the phenotype of reduced Notch activity. These results suggest that a component of the pseudouridine synthase loss of function phenotype is caused by defects in Notch signalling

On an assumption of geometric foundation of numbers

In line with the latest positions of Gottlob Frege, this article puts forward the hypoth- esis that the cognitive bases of mathematics are geometric in nature. Starting from the geometry axioms of the Elements of Euclid, we introduce a geometric theory of propor- tions along the lines of the one introduced by Grassmann in Ausdehnungslehre in 1844. Assuming as axioms, the cognitive contents of the theorems of Pappus and Desargues, through their configurations, in an Euclidean plane a natural field structure can be iden- tified that reveals the purely geometric nature of complex numbers. Reasoning based on figures is becoming a growing interdisciplinary field in logic, philosophy and cognitive sciences, and is also of considerable interest in the field of education, moreover, recently, it has been emphasized that the mutual assistance that geometry and complex numbers give is poorly pointed out in teaching and that a unitary vision of geometrical aspects and calculation can be clarifying

Differential subcellular recruitment of monoacylglycerol lipase generates spatial specificity of 2-arachidonoyl glycerol signaling during axonal pathfinding

Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Big fish, big pond? The joint effect of formal and informal core-periphery positions on the generation of incremental innovations

In this paper, we apply a core/periphery framework to an intraorganizational context to study the interplay between formal and informal core/periphery structures. Specifically, we consider how core positions occupied by inventors in the corporate research and development division of a large multinational high-tech company affect their ability to generate incremental innovations. We theorize and empirically observe that formal and informal core positions have positive and independent effects on the generation of incremental innovations. These effects have a multiplicative impact on innovative productivity when inventors who are core in the informal knowledge-sharing network are also affiliated with a core organizational unit. We also observe, however, that the positive effect of being located at the core of both the informal and formal structures is negatively moderated by individuals’ distribution of knowledge ties when these reach outside the core of their informal knowledge-sharing network

‘You Are What You Read:’ Is selective exposure a way people tell us who they are?

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/156182/2/bjop12414_am.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/156182/1/bjop12414.pd

The coding/non-coding overlapping architecture of the gene encoding the Drosophila pseudouridine synthase

BACKGROUND: In eukaryotic cells, each molecule of H/ACA small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) assembles with four evolutionarily conserved core proteins to compose a specific ribonucleoprotein particle. One of the four core components has pseudouridine synthase activity and catalyzes the conversion of a selected uridine to pseudouridine. Members of the pseudouridine synthase family are highly conserved. In addition to catalyzing pseudouridylation of target RNAs, they carry out a variety of essential functions related to ribosome biogenesis and, in mammals, to telomere maintenance. To investigate further the molecular mechanisms underlying the expression of pseudouridine synthase genes, we analyzed the transcriptional activity of the Drosophila member of this family in great detail. RESULTS: The Drosophila gene for pseudouridine synthase, minifly/Nop60b (mfl), encodes two novel mRNAs ending at a downstream poly(A) site. One species is characterized only by an extended 3'-untranslated region (3'UTR), while a minor mRNA encodes a variant protein that represents the first example of an alternative subform described for any member of the family to date. The rare spliced variant is detected mainly in females and is predicted to have distinct functional properties. We also report that a cluster comprising four isoforms of a C/D box snoRNA and two highly related copies of a small ncRNA gene of unknown function is intron-encoded at the gene-variable 3'UTRs. Because this arrangement, the alternative 3' ends allow mfl not only to produce two distinct protein subforms, but also to release different ncRNAs. Intriguingly, accumulation of all these intron-encoded RNAs was found to be sex-biased and quantitatively modulated throughout development and, within the ovaries, the ncRNAs of unknown function were found not ubiquitously expressed. CONCLUSION: Our results expand the repertoire of coding/non-coding transcripts derived from the gene encoding Drosophila pseudouridine synthase. This gene exhibits a complex and interlaced organization, and its genetic information may be expressed as different protein subforms and/or ncRNAs that may potentially contribute to its biological functions

Île du Monde

La présence de populations issues de l’immigration en Île-de-France est évidente pour nous tous. Mais quelles sont les habitudes et les pratiques quotidiennes de ces personnes venues d’ailleurs, au-delà du folklore et de l’exotisme ? Comment, grâce à nos différentes manières de voir le monde et de vivre au quotidien, pouvons-nous nous enrichir les uns les autres et partager nos différences ? L’association Île du Monde a surgi de cette première curiosité : découvrir, au plus près de leur quotidien, les populations venues d’ailleurs et installées en Île-de-France

SENTIMENT ANALYSIS: AUTOMATIC CALCULATIONS IN NOOJ ENVIRONMENT

Smart mobility has a positive impact on the lives of our cities through new technological solutions. An economy driven by an immense amount of data that allows us to engage in new business. A new cultural perspective and a new education approach where knowledge merges and generates new knowledge osmotically. We explore teaching strategies and excellent skills, which can meet the needs of higher education, such as the latest generation of technologies used in business, social and personal life, as well as in institutions and colleges of higher education. Technical fields like scientific and distributed informatics, and computational linguistics have new connotations as knowledge is reformulated and disciplines acquire new meanings. The research team aims to study the characteristics of the LSP language communication systems, describe and scientifically validate the characteristics, through conjectures and refutations of assumptions proposed by linguists, computer specialists and technologists. The phases of the research are divided into several chapters: research of textual production analysis-descriptionscomparisons with a focus on new text production techniques.-Second phase of data processing in NLG. Environments and processing techniques; third phase of validation and emotional techniques in the advertising text

Linguistic Resources for Automatic Natural Sign Language Generation

Work-Tools (W. T) is a Linguistic Resources for Automatic Natural Sign Language Generation software for automatic textual analysis that describes and transforms from language to morphs, lexemes, and fixed phrases, to dialogue and build a communicative model of switching non-verbal nature languages L1 to verb L2. The W.T. The software is designed to handle complex tasks in natural language, such as parsing, to recognize and generate texts. The production, questioning, and evaluation of text construction involve interaction between humans and machines. It assists in the transformation of language and is utilized for didactic purposes. Work-Tools consists of: 1) a search engine, a database for data entry, in which the data described for cognitive areas and transformed into acronyms are indexed; 2) a writing corpus in which man/woman organizes the text in free sentences and fixed phrases, in accordance with the grammatical rules and the syntactic relations of the natural language that we propose with the data transfer from L1 to L2; 3) a transcoding corpus and faithful translation of text or textual parts from L1 to L2; A scroll bar where new text is transmitted in real time