Prognostic significance of CD8+ T lymphocytes in breast cancer depends upon both oestrogen receptor status and histological grade

Results of previous studies on the influence of tumour infiltrating lymphocytes on prognosis of women with breast cancer have been mixed. This study re-evaluates the role of tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes as a prognostic marker in women with breast cancer

Dynamics and interaction of laser cavity solitons in broad-area semiconductor lasers

This chapter reviews fundamentals and dynamical properties of spatial laser cavity solitons realized in broad-area vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) with frequency-selective feedback from a volume Bragg grating. The solitons are stabilized by a nonlinear frequency shift induced by the strong amplitude phase coupling in semiconductor lasers. The simplest theoretical description is by a cubic complex Ginzburg-Landau equation coupled to a linear filter. The optical phase is an additional Goldstone mode for a laser soliton. Different solitons are usually mutually incoherent due to disorder resulting from cavity length fluctuations. However, we demonstrate frequency- and phase-locking overcoming the disorder and find agreement with the archetypical Adler scenario for the phase dynamics. Fast pulsing at the round-trip frequency is found after soliton switch-on demonstrating transient mode-locking of external cavity modes. An outlook is given on the asymptotic dynamics and prospects for the spatiotemporal self-localization of light

LGBTQ-Parent families and schools

Children are influenced by multiple contexts, including their families and schools. Yet research on children with LGBTQ parents has rarely attended to their school experiences. The lack of research on the family-school interface of LGBTQ-parent families is troubling, in that these families are vulnerable to marginalization and stigma in their broader communities, which may extend to the school environment. This chapter reviews research on children with LGBTQ parents, with particular attention to those domains that are most relevant to teachers, administrators, and other school personnel. We address research on the academic achievement, social functioning, and bullying of children with LGBTQ parents. We also discuss research on LGBTQ parents themselves, including their experiences selecting and interacting with their children’s schools. Where relevant, we emphasize race/ethnicity, social class, and other social locations with respect to their role in shaping LGBTQ-parent families. We end with practical recommendations for educators for creating an inclusive environment for these families