2 research outputs found
Mathematical Modeling of a Solar Arrays Deploying Process at Ground Tests
This paper focuses on the creating of a mathematical model of a solar array deploying process during ground tests. Lagrange equation was used to obtain the math model. The distinctive feature of this mathematical model is the possibility of taking into account the gravity compensation system influence on the construction in the deploying process and the aerodynamic resistance during ground tests
Water magnetic processing technology against salt deposition: theory and practice
ΠΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
Π³Π΅ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠ² Π² ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅Π» Π² Π³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠΎ- ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³Π΅ΡΠΈΠΊΠ΅, Π² ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°Ρ
ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½Π°Π±ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΎΡ
Π»Π°ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎ ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄ Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠΊΠ»Π°. Π ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, Π²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΎΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π»ΠΎΠΈΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
, Π½Π°ΠΊΠΈΠΏΠ΅ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΈ Π³Π°Π·ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ. ΠΠ°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠΊΠ° Π²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΎΡ ΡΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΆΠ΅ΡΡΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈ, ΡΠΎ Π΅ΡΡΡ Π΅Π΅ ΡΠΌΡΠ³ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. Π‘ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ°Π³Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ Π²ΡΠΏΠ°Π΄Π°ΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ
Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π° Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π½Π°ΠΊΠΈΠΏΠΈ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΠΊ ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΊΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΡΠΎΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ²Π° ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠΌ ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠ°ΠΌ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠΈΡΡΠΊΠΈ. Π£Π΄Π°Π»ΡΡΡ Π½Π°ΠΊΠΈΠΏΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΡΠ²ΠΎΠΊ Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ
Π½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π° ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΌ. ΠΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Ρ Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° Ρ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅Π°Π³Π΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π·Π°Π³ΡΡΠ·Π½ΡΡΡ ΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ. ΠΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ»ΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Ρ. Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π·Π°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π² ΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ², ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠΈΡ
Π² ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠ°Ρ
Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΈΠ΄Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΠ°Π³Π½ΠΈΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ, ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΏΡΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠΊΠ° Π²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π² Π½Π΅ΠΉ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΆΠ΅ΡΡΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π² Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π΅ ΠΎΠΏΡΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ»ΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΊ. ΠΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡ: ΠΌΠ°Π³Π½ΠΈΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ° ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΈΠ΄Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠΏΠ°, ΠΌΠ°Π³Π½ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅, ΠΈΠΎΠ½Ρ ΡΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΉ, ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°ΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡ Π² Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π΅, ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ ΠΌΠ°Π³Π½ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠΊΠΈ. ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ: ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΈΠ΄Π°Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠ°; ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΈΠ΄Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ°Π³Π½ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²; Π³ΠΈΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π·Ρ ΠΎΠ± ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°Ρ
, ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠΈΡ
Π² Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠΊΠ΅, ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π²Π΄ΠΎΠ»Ρ ΠΎΡΠΈ ΠΌΠ°Π³Π½ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΈΠ΄Π°; ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠΊΠ΅ ΡΡΠΈΡ
Π³ΠΈΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π·; ΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠΈΡ, ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΡΠ½ΡΡΡΠ°Ρ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ°Π³Π½ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠΊΠΈ; Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΡΠ½Π΅ΠΉ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ»ΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΊ "ΠΠ°Π³Π½ΡΡΡ". Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ. ΠΠ°Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΡΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠ°Π³Π½ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΈΠ΄Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ°Π³Π½ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΊ. ΠΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½Ρ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ, ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° ΡΡΠ°ΠΏΠ΅ ΠΌΠ°Π³Π½ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΡΠ°ΠΏΠ΅ Π½Π°Π³ΡΠ΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠΌΠ°Π³Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ. ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ Π² ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠ°Π³Π½ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Ρ ΠΈΠΎΠ½Ρ ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΡΡ
Π·Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ² Π΄ΡΠ΅ΠΉΡΡΡΡ Π²ΠΎ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΡΡ
Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ
. ΠΠΎ ΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠ±ΠΎΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ°Π³Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ
Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π½Π°Π³ΡΠ΅Π²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ Π·Π°ΡΡΡΠ΄Π½Π΅Π½ΠΎ. ΠΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅, Π½Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ±ΠΎΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠ² Π½Π° Π½Π°Π³ΡΠ΅Π²Π°Π΅ΠΌΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ
Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ
. ΠΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π° Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½Π°Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ°Π³Π½ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ, Π΅Π΅ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡ. ΠΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ± ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ»ΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΊ Β«ΠΠ°Π³Π½ΡΡΡΒ» Π½Π° Π½Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π±ΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ°Ρ
.The relevance of this research is determined by the widespread use of water georesources as working fluids in hydro- and heat power engineering, in heat supply and cooling systems. In this case, it is often required to carry out technological water treatment before using in the main production cycle. In particular, water needs to be cleaned of colloidal, scale-forming and gaseous impurities. The greatest difficulty is the water treatment from hardness salts, that is, its softening. Calcium and magnesium salts usually precipitate on heat exchange surfaces with the formation of scale, that leads to a sharp decrease in the efficiency of the heat exchange equipment, excessive fuel consumption and frequent stops for cleaning. Descaling is usually done by acid washing of the internal heat exchange surfaces or mechanically. All these methods involve the use of a large number of chemical reagents, and strongly pollute wastewater from water treatment units. In addition, it significantly increases operating costs. The purpose of this research is to theoretically describe the electrochemical processes that occur in installations with permanent toroidal magnets when passing a stream of water with hardness salts dissolved in it, as well as to analyze the practical operation experience of such installations. Objects: toroidal magnetic system, magnetic field, salt ions contained in water, magnetic water treatment units. Methods: toroidal electrodynamics; experiments on the interaction of toroidal electromagnetic objects; hypotheses about electrochemical processes occurring in a water stream flowing along the axis of a magnetic toroid; experiments to test these hypotheses; theory explaining magnetic water treatment technology; analysis of the "Magnust" apparatus long-term operating. Results. The paper introduces the theoretical explanation of the magnetic water treatment technology using toroidal magnetic installations and describes the electrochemical processes occurring at the stage of magnetic treatment and the subsequent stage of heating magnetized water. It is shown that ions of different signs drift in mutually opposite directions in the magnetic field presence. For this reason, the formation of calcium and magnesium hydrocarbonate on the heat exchange surface is difficult. As a result, the deposition of carbonates on heated surfaces does not occur. The authors have determined the most effective design of the magnetic installation and its optimal parameters as well. The paper introduces the information on the "Magnust" apparatus operation at several civil and industrial facilities