Työnantajan omavastuuperiaate työkyvyttömyyseläkkeissä

Suurtyönantajat ovat velvollisia korvaamaan osan työntekijöidensä työkyvyttömyyseläkkeistä. Tämän omavastuuperiaatteen on toivottu kannustavan työnantajia vähentämään työkyvyttömyyseläkkeitä erilaisilla ennaltaehkäisevillä toimilla. Tutkimuksessa kuvataan työkyvyttömyyseläkemaksun määräytymistä sekä arvioidaan maksujen kannustinvaikutuksia

Decreased maximum clot firmness in rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM (R)) is associated with bleeding during extracorporeal mechanical circulatory support

Background: We aimed to characterize the coagulation disturbances which may increase the risk of bleeding, thrombosis or death shortly after implantation of an extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) or ventricular assist (VAD) device. Methods: Antithrombotic treatment was started in 23 VAD and 24 ECMO patients according to the hospital protocol. Additionally, conventional laboratory testing, rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM (R)) and platelet function analysis (Multiplate) were performed at predetermined intervals. Results: Four out of twenty-four (16.7%) of ECMO patients and 6/23 (26.1%) of VAD patients had severe bleeding after the procedure. When all the patients were analyzed together, low maximum clot firmness (MCF) in ExTEM and FibTEM analyses was associated with severe bleeding (p Conclusion: Hypocoagulation shown by ROTEM (R) was associated with bleeding complications in patients with mechanical circulatory support. In contrast, hypercoagulation did not correlate with clinical thrombosis.Peer reviewe

Detecting Dark Matter annihilation lines with Fermi

Dark matter constitutes one of the most intriguing but so far unresolved issues in physics today. In many extensions of the Standard Model the existence of a stable Weakly Interacting Massive Particle (WIMP) is predicted. The WIMP is an excellent dark matter particle candidate and one of the most interesting scenarios include an annihilation of two WIMPs into two gamma-rays. If the WIMPs are assumed to be non-relativistic, the resulting photons will both have an energy equal to the mass of the WIMP and manifest themselves as a monochromatic spectral line in the energy spectrum. This type of signal would represent a 'smoking gun' for dark matter, since no other known astrophysical process should be able to produce it. In these proceedings we give an overview of the different approaches to a search for dark matter lines that the Fermi-LAT collaboration is pursuing and the various challenges involved

PoGOLite - A High Sensitivity Balloon-Borne Soft Gamma-ray Polarimeter

We describe a new balloon-borne instrument (PoGOLite) capable of detecting 10% polarisation from 200mCrab point-like sources between 25 and 80keV in one 6 hour flight. Polarisation measurements in the soft gamma-ray band are expected to provide a powerful probe into high-energy emission mechanisms as well as the distribution of magnetic fields, radiation fields and interstellar matter. At present, only exploratory polarisation measurements have been carried out in the soft gamma-ray band. Reduction of the large background produced by cosmic-ray particles has been the biggest challenge. PoGOLite uses Compton scattering and photo-absorption in an array of 217 well-type phoswich detector cells made of plastic and BGO scintillators surrounded by a BGO anticoincidence shield and a thick polyethylene neutron shield. The narrow FOV (1.25msr) obtained with well-type phoswich detector technology and the use of thick background shields enhance the detected S/N ratio. Event selections based on recorded phototube waveforms and Compton kinematics reduce the background to that expected for a 40-100mCrab source between 25 and 50keV. A 6 hour observation on the Crab will differentiate between the Polar Cap/Slot Gap, Outer Gap, and Caustic models with greater than 5 sigma; and also cleanly identify the Compton reflection component in the Cygnus X-1 hard state. The first flight is planned for 2010 and long-duration flights from Sweden to Northern Canada are foreseen thereafter.Comment: 11 pages, 11 figures, 2 table

A population of gamma-ray emitting globular clusters seen with the Fermi Large Area Telescope

Globular clusters with their large populations of millisecond pulsars (MSPs) are believed to be potential emitters of high-energy gamma-ray emission. Our goal is to constrain the millisecond pulsar populations in globular clusters from analysis of gamma-ray observations. We use 546 days of continuous sky-survey observations obtained with the Large Area Telescope aboard the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope to study the gamma-ray emission towards 13 globular clusters. Steady point-like high-energy gamma-ray emission has been significantly detected towards 8 globular clusters. Five of them (47 Tucanae, Omega Cen, NGC 6388, Terzan 5, and M 28) show hard spectral power indices $(0.7 < \Gamma <1.4)$ and clear evidence for an exponential cut-off in the range 1.0-2.6 GeV, which is the characteristic signature of magnetospheric emission from MSPs. Three of them (M 62, NGC 6440 and NGC 6652) also show hard spectral indices $(1.0 < \Gamma < 1.7)$, however the presence of an exponential cut-off can not be unambiguously established. Three of them (Omega Cen, NGC 6388, NGC 6652) have no known radio or X-ray MSPs yet still exhibit MSP spectral properties. From the observed gamma-ray luminosities, we estimate the total number of MSPs that is expected to be present in these globular clusters. We show that our estimates of the MSP population correlate with the stellar encounter rate and we estimate 2600-4700 MSPs in Galactic globular clusters, commensurate with previous estimates. The observation of high-energy gamma-ray emission from a globular cluster thus provides a reliable independent method to assess their millisecond pulsar populations that can be used to make constraints on the original neutron star X-ray binary population, essential for understanding the importance of binary systems in slowing the inevitable core collapse of globular clusters.Comment: Accepted for publication in A&A. Corresponding authors: J. Kn\"odlseder, N. Webb, B. Pancraz

Fermi Large Area Telescope Constraints on the Gamma-ray Opacity of the Universe

The Extragalactic Background Light (EBL) includes photons with wavelengths from ultraviolet to infrared, which are effective at attenuating gamma rays with energy above ~10 GeV during propagation from sources at cosmological distances. This results in a redshift- and energy-dependent attenuation of the gamma-ray flux of extragalactic sources such as blazars and Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs). The Large Area Telescope onboard Fermi detects a sample of gamma-ray blazars with redshift up to z~3, and GRBs with redshift up to z~4.3. Using photons above 10 GeV collected by Fermi over more than one year of observations for these sources, we investigate the effect of gamma-ray flux attenuation by the EBL. We place upper limits on the gamma-ray opacity of the Universe at various energies and redshifts, and compare this with predictions from well-known EBL models. We find that an EBL intensity in the optical-ultraviolet wavelengths as great as predicted by the "baseline" model of Stecker et al. (2006) can be ruled out with high confidence.Comment: 42 pages, 12 figures, accepted version (24 Aug.2010) for publication in ApJ; Contact authors: A. Bouvier, A. Chen, S. Raino, S. Razzaque, A. Reimer, L.C. Reye

Gamma-ray and radio properties of six pulsars detected by the fermi large area telescope

We report the detection of pulsed γ-rays for PSRs J0631+1036, J0659+1414, J0742-2822, J1420-6048, J1509-5850, and J1718-3825 using the Large Area Telescope on board the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope (formerly known as GLAST). Although these six pulsars are diverse in terms of their spin parameters, they share an important feature: their γ-ray light curves are (at least given the current count statistics) single peaked. For two pulsars, there are hints for a double-peaked structure in the light curves. The shapes of the observed light curves of this group of pulsars are discussed in the light of models for which the emission originates from high up in the magnetosphere. The observed phases of the γ-ray light curves are, in general, consistent with those predicted by high-altitude models, although we speculate that the γ-ray emission of PSR J0659+1414, possibly featuring the softest spectrum of all Fermi pulsars coupled with a very low efficiency, arises from relatively low down in the magnetosphere. High-quality radio polarization data are available showing that all but one have a high degree of linear polarization. This allows us to place some constraints on the viewing geometry and aids the comparison of the γ-ray light curves with high-energy beam models

Opas yläkoululaisille liikunnan etäopetuksen alku- ja loppuverryttelyyn

Opinnäytetyön tavoitteena oli suunnitella ja toteuttaa alku- ja loppuverryttely esimerkit sekä materiaalipankki video ja pdf-muodossa yläkoululaisille. Lisäksi oppaasta hyötyvät liikunnanopettajat, jotka voivat hyödyntää valmista materiaalipankkia pääharjoitteen alku- ja loppuverryttelyssä. Työn tavoitteena on tehdä selkeät materiaalit hyvän kuvanlaadun ja oikeaoppisten näyttösuoritteiden kautta. Opinnäytetyön raportti pitää sisällään liikkeiden ja videon suunnittelun, kuvaamisen ja editoinnin sekä pdf-kuvien luomisen. Tuotoksen liikkeet ovat tutkittuun tietoon perustuvia vammojen ennaltaehkäisyssä sekä alku- ja loppuverryttelyn fysiologian mukaisia. Opinnäytetyössä on kuvattu koko prosessin toteutus. Oppaan suunnittelussa ja toteuttamisessa on huomioitu toimeksiantajan vaatimukset. Välineitä ei ole mahdollista käyttää, sillä etäopetuksessa täytyy varautua välineettömyyteen. Opinnäytetyö on merkityksellinen maailmantilanteen ajankohtaisuuden takia. Etäopetus tulee tulevaisuudessa yleistymään ja on tärkeää tehdä etäopiskelusta mahdollisimman laadukasta. Projekti täytti kaikki sille asetetut tavoitteet ja tuo yhden uuden mahdollisuuden liikunnanopetukseen maailman muuttuessa. Projektia voisi jatkokehittää luomalla välitunneille sekä lähiopetuksen oppitunneille yläkouluikäisille mielekästä taukoliikuntaa digitalisaatiota hyödyntäen. Opinnäytetyön videoita voisi jakaa liikunnanopettajien Facebook ryhmässä, sekä lataamalla ne YouTubeen. Tällöin ne olisivat mahdollisimman monen opettajan ja oppilaan käytettävissä heidän haluamallaan tavalla

Towards detecting lines from dark matter annihilations with GLAST

Dark matter (DM) constitutes one of the most intriguing but so far unresolved issues in physics. In many extensions of the Standard Model of particle physics, the existence of a stable Weakly Interacting Massive Particle (WIMP) is predicted. The WIMP is an excellent DM particle candidate and one of the most interesting scenarios include an annihilation of two WIMPs into two gamma-rays. If the WIMPs are assumed to be non-relativistic, the resulting photons will both have an energy equal to the mass of the WIMP and will manifest themselves as a monochromatic spectral line in the energy spectrum. This type of signal would represent a “smoking gun” for DM, since no other known astrophysical process should be able to produce it. When searching for a line, the energy resolution and performance of the calorimeter are key factors. In this thesis, these are investigated using beam test data, taken at CERN in 2006. Four statistical methods that can be used to search for DM spectral lines are, then, studied in terms of their power and coverage. The methods are based on both hypothesis tests and confidence interval calculations. Two peak finding methods are also tested on a simulated data set representing one year of realistic data, obtained with the Large Area Telescope (LAT) on-board the Gamma-ray Large Area Space Telescope (GLAST). The data set is called Service Challenge 2 (SC2) and contains a variety of gamma-ray sources, including different DM components. Finally, an upper limit on &lt; σν &gt; γγ, based on SC2, is calculated.QC 2010112

Search for Gamma-ray Lines from Dark Matter with the Fermi Large Area Telescope

Dark matter (DM) constitutes one of the most intriguing but so far unresolved issues in physics. In many extensions of the Standard Model of particle physics, the existence of a stable Weakly Interacting Massive Particle (WIMP) is predicted. The WIMP is an excellent DM particle candidate. One of the most interesting scenarios is the creation of monochromatic gamma-rays from the annihilation or decay of these particles. This type of signal would represent a “smoking gun” for DM, since no other known astrophysical process should be able to produce it. In this thesis, the search for spectral lines with the Large Area Telescope (LAT) onboard the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope (Fermi) is presented. The satellite was successfully launched from Cape Canaveral in Florida, USA, on 11 June, 2008. The energy resolution and performance of the detector are both key factors in the search and are investigated here using beam test data, taken at CERN in 2006 with a scaled-down version of the Fermi-LAT instrument. A variety of statistical methods, based on both hypothesis tests and confidence interval calculations, are then reviewed and tested in terms of their statistical power and coverage. A selection of the statistical methods are further developed into peak finding algorithms and applied to a simulated data set called obssim2, which corresponds to one year of observations with the Fermi-LAT instrument, and to almost one year of Fermi-LAT data in the energy range 20–300 GeV. The analysis on Fermi-LAT data yielded no detection of spectral lines, so limits are placed on the velocity-averaged cross-section, , and the decay lifetime, , and theoretical implications are discussed.QC20100525GLAS