14 research outputs found

    Crossover from thermal to quantum creep in layered antiferromagnetic superconductor

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    The influence of the antiferromagnetic order on the superconductor in the mixed state results in creation of spin-flop domains along the cores of the vortex lines. It is shown that this phenomenon makes possible crossover from quantum creep regime to thermal one, and vice versa, at constant temperature. To do this one needs to simply change the intensity or the direction of applied magnetic field in the basal ab{\bf ab} plane of layered structure.Comment: 9 pages, Latex(elsart.cls), 2 figures. to be published in Physica C vol 340 nr 2/

    Effect of using cardiovascular risk scoring in routine risk assessment in primary prevention of cardiovascular disease : protocol for an overview of systematic reviews

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    INTRODUCTION: Major clinical practice guidelines recommend assessing risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) using absolute/global/total CVD risk scores. However, the effectiveness of using them in clinical practice, despite publication of numerous randomised controlled trials (RCTs), is still poorly understood. To summarise and analyse current knowledge in this field, we will carry out an overview of existing systematic reviews (SRs). The objective of this overview will be to assess the effect of using cardiovascular risk scoring in routine risk assessment in primary prevention of CVD compared with standard care. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: We will include SRs and meta-analyses which take into account RCTs and quasi-RCTs investigating the effect of using cardiovascular risk scoring in routine risk assessment in primary prevention of CVD. SRs will be retrieved from 4 bibliographical databases and reference lists of identified reviews. Additionally, the PROSPERO database will be searched for unpublished, ongoing or recently completed SRs. 2 reviewers will assess the SRs independently for eligibility and bias. The data will be extracted to a special form. Any disagreement will be resolved by discussion. In case of lack of consensus, a third author will arbitrate. The overview of SRs will be reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: Ethics approval is not required for overview of SRs. We will summarise evidence concerning whether use of the absolute/global/total CVD risk scoring tools in primary prevention of CVD is effective and supported with scientific data or not. If we face unsatisfactory confirmation, we will highlight a need for further research and advice on how to plan such a study. We will submit the results of our study for peer-review publication in a journal indexed in the international bibliographic database of biomedical information

    Wpływ podstawowych cech demograficznych i antropometrycznych na parametry obwodowego i centralnego ciśnienia tętniczego

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    Background Central blood pressure parameters and corresponding peripheral blood pressure parameters are not equal and their relationship changes with aging. This explain why there is a gradual shift from diastolic blood pressure in young subjects to systolic blood pressure and then to pulse pressure in elderly, as strongest predictor of CHD risk. Aim of this study was to observe how components of peripheral and central blood pressure depends on age, height, weight and body mass index (BMI). Material and methods We examined 319 patients between 19-80 years of age who attended family medicine office. Peripheral blood pressure was taken with OMRON M6 and central blood pressure was determined noninvasively with SphygmoCor device. Results Pulse pressure amplification (PPA) calculated as a ratio peripheral pulse pressure/central pulse pressure was 2.0 in young subjects to 1.09 in elderly. Differences in pulse pressure amplification between women and men are consequences of differences in height. There is no relation between PPA and BMI. Conclusions Higher gradient of central to peripheral pulse pressure found in young subjects gradually decreases with aging. Therefore, brachial artery cuff measurements in the elderly more accurate reflect central systolic pressure and central pulse pressure which stronger than corresponding peripheral blood pressure parameters correlate with cardiovascular events. Arterial Hypertension 2010, vol. 14, no 4, pages 253-260.Wstęp Wartości parametrów ciśnienia centralnego i odpowiadających im parametrów ciśnienia obwodowego nie są sobie równe, a ich wzajemne relacje zmieniają się wraz z procesem starzenia. Tym tłumaczy się fakt, że siła wpływu poszczególnych parametrów ciśnienia tętniczego na ryzyko choroby niedokrwiennej serca zmienia się w zależności od wieku osoby, od największego wpływu ciśnienia rozkurczowego w młodym wieku, przez ciśnienie skurczowe w wieku średnim i ciśnienie tętna w starości. Celem pracy było zbadanie, w jaki sposób parametry ciśnienia tętniczego centralnego i obwodowego zależą od wieku, płci, wzrostu i wskaźnika masy ciała (BMI). Materiał i metody Zbadano 319 osób w wieku 19-80 lat, które zgłaszały się na wizytę do lekarza rodzinnego z jakiejkolwiek przyczyny. U pacjentów dokonywano pomiarów ciśnienia tętniczego na ramieniu przy użyciu ciśnieniomierza OMRON M6 oraz nieinwazyjnie oceniano centralne ciśnienie tętnicze za pomocą urządzenia SphygmoCor. Wyniki Wskaźnik zwielokrotnienia ciśnienia tętna (PPA) liczony jako iloraz obwodowego ciśnienia tętna i centralnego ciśnienia tętna maleje z wiekiem, od wartości 2,00 w młodości do 1,09 w wieku podeszłym. Różnice zależne od płci wynikają z różnicy wzrostu między kobietami i mężczyznami. Nie stwierdzono zależności między PPA i BMI. Wnioski Większy gradient centralnego do obwodowego ciśnienia tętna, który występuje u młodych osób stopniowo zmniejsza się w miarę starzenia się. Dlatego też ciśnienie mierzone na ramieniu u osób w starszym wieku precyzyjniej odzwierciedla centralne ciśnienie skurczowe i centralne ciśnienie tętna, które to - w porównaniu z odpowiadającymi parametrami ciśnienia tętniczego obwodowego - silniej korelują z powikłaniami sercowo-naczyniowymi. Nadciśnienie Tętnicze 2010, tom 14, nr 4, strony 253-260

    Influence of basic demographic and anthropometric characteristics on peripheral and central blood pressure parameters

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    Wstęp Wartości parametrów ciśnienia centralnego i odpowiadających im parametrów ciśnienia obwodowego nie są sobie równe, a ich wzajemne relacje zmieniają się wraz z procesem starzenia. Tym tłumaczy się fakt, że siła wpływu poszczególnych parametrów ciśnienia tętniczego na ryzyko choroby niedokrwiennej serca zmienia się w zależności od wieku osoby, od największego wpływu ciśnienia rozkurczowego w młodym wieku, przez ciśnienie skurczowe w wieku średnim i ciśnienie tętna w starości. Celem pracy było zbadanie, w jaki sposób parametry ciśnienia tętniczego centralnego i obwodowego zależą od wieku, płci, wzrostu i wskaźnika masy ciała (BMI). Materiał i metody Zbadano 319 osób w wieku 19–80 lat, które zgłaszały się na wizytę do lekarza rodzinnego z jakiejkolwiek przyczyny. U pacjentów dokonywano pomiarów ciśnienia tętniczego na ramieniu przy użyciu ciśnieniomierza OMRON M6 oraz nieinwazyjnie oceniano centralne ciśnienie tętnicze za pomocą urządzenia SphygmoCor. Wyniki: Wskaźnik zwielokrotnienia ciśnienia tętna (PPA) liczony jako iloraz obwodowego ciśnienia tętna i centralnego ciśnienia tętna maleje z wiekiem, od wartości 2,00 w młodości do 1,09 w wieku podeszłym. Różnice zależne od płci wynikają z różnicy wzrostu między kobietami i mężczyznami. Nie stwierdzono zależności między PPA i BMI. Wnioski: Większy gradient centralnego do obwodowego ciśnienia tętna, który występuje u młodych osób stopniowo zmniejsza się w miarę starzenia się. Dlatego też ciśnienie mierzone na ramieniu u osób w starszym wieku precyzyjniej odzwierciedla centralne ciśnienie skurczowe i centralne ciśnienie tętna, które to — w porównaniu z odpowiadającymi parametrami ciśnienia tętniczego obwodowego — silniej korelują z powikłaniami sercowo-naczyniowymi.Background Central blood pressure parameters and corresponding peripheral blood pressure parameters are not equal and their relationship changes with aging. This explain why there is a gradual shift from diastolic blood pressure in young subjects to systolic blood pressure and then to pulse pressure in elderly, as strongest predictor of CHD risk. Aim of this study was to observe how components of peripheral and central blood pressure depends on age, height, weight and body mass index (BMI). Material and methods We examined 319 patients between 19–80 years of age who attended family medicine office. Peripheral blood pressure was taken with OMRON M6 and central blood pressure was determined noninvasively with SphygmoCor device. Results Pulse pressure amplification (PPA) calculated as a ratio peripheral pulse pressure/central pulse pressure was 2.0 in young subjects to 1.09 in elderly. Differences in pulse pressure amplification between women and men are consequences of differences in height. There is no relation between PPA and BMI. Conclusions Higher gradient of central to peripheral pulse pressure found in young subjects gradually decreases with aging. Therefore, brachial artery cuff measurements in the elderly more accurate reflect central systolic pressure and central pulse pressure which stronger than corresponding peripheral blood pressure parameters correlate with cardiovascular events

    Quantum creep in layered antiferromagnetic superconductor

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    In the mixed state of layered superconductor, the antiferromagnetic order of magnetic ions can create the spin-flop domains along the phase cores of the Josephson vortices, and this property impact upon the creep rate in the antiferromagnetic superconductor. The activation of the creep at constant temperature can be either thermal or quantum, depending on the intensity, or direction of the applied magnetic field. It is also shown that the action, and hence the activation energy, is rendered temperature dependent, when the damping and inertial mass of the vortex are included, so that the quantum tunnelling rate becomes temperature dependent below the crossover temperature

    Effect of using cardiovascular risk scoring in routine risk assessment in primary prevention of cardiovascular disease: an overview of systematic reviews

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    Abstract Background Our objectives were to critically appraise and summarise the current evidence for the effectiveness of using cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk scoring (total risk assessment - TRA) in routine risk assessment in primary prevention of CVD compared with standard care with regards to patients outcomes, clinical risk factor levels, medication prescribing, and adverse effects. Methods We carried out an overview of existing systematic reviews (SRs). Presentation of the results aligned guidelines from the PRISMA statement. The data is presented as a narrative synthesis. We searched MEDLINE (Ovid), EMBASE, CENTRAL and SCOPUS databases from January 1990 to March 2017, reviewed the reference lists of all included SRs and searched for ongoing SRs in PROSPERO database. We encompassed SRs and meta-analyses which took into account RCTs, quasi-RCTs, and observational studies investigating the effect of using CVD risk scoring. Only studies performed in a primary care setting, with adult participants free of clinical CVD were eligible. Intervention was CVD risk assessment with use of the total CVD risk scoring compared with standard care with no use of TRA . Results We identified 2157 records, we then recognised and analysed 10 relevant SRs. One SR reported statistically insignificant reduction of CVD death, when using TRA, the second SR presented meta-analysis which reported no effect on fatal and non-fatal CV events compared with conventional care (5.4% vs 5.3%; RR 1.01, 95% CI 0.95 to 1.08; I2 = 25%). Three SRs have shown that using TRA causes no adverse events. The impact of TRA on global CVD risk as well as individual risk factors is ambiguous, but a tendency towards slight reduction of blood pressure, total cholesterol and smoking levels, especially in high risk patient groups was observed. TRA had no influence on lifestyle behaviour. Conclusions There is limited evidence, of low overall quality, suggesting a possible lack of effectiveness of TRA in reducing CVD events and mortality, as well as a clinically insignificant influence on individual risk factor levels. Using TRA does not cause harm to patients. Trial registration Systematic review protocol was registered with the International PROSPERO database - registration number CRD42016046898
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