COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF CASTINGS FROM SUPERALLOYS PRODUCED ON UVNK- AND PMP-TYPE UNITS

The report presents a review of data showing the influence of technology of the high-gradient directional solidification (HGDS) with cooling of casting mold in molten low-melting metal - aluminum or tin - on structure and proper¬ties of single-crystals of nickel-base superalloys in comparison with the directional solidification method (DS) with radiant cooling of the mold

RUSSIAN VIEW ON THE BRICS LONG-TERM STRATEGY

In the recent years, BRICS emerged as one of the most influential international fora. It includes five leading emerging powers of the current world and has the potential to become the principal venue for elaboration of future global order. BRICS has the capacities to formulate a reasonable alternative to the current neoliberal model, which becomes increasingly irrelevant. The future world system should be built on the principles of sustainable development, which will address the growing environmental challenges. Russia remains one of the drivers of the club and views it as an essential element of the emerging multipolar world. It actively pursues further expansion of BRICS agenda and it greater institutionalization

BRICS, SCO and new mechanisms of Global Governance

The paper deals in detail with the purposes of creation and functioning of BRICS. The activities of BRICS and SCO are compared; the prospects of building new political, economic and financial architecture are examined. Dialogue of civilizations is expected to develop further under the auspices of international multilateral structures

러시아와 2013년 한반도 위기: 러시아와 한국은 안보 협력을 위해 무엇을 할 수 있는가?

Most Russian experts and politicians hoped that the finalization of the power system of Kim Jong-Un, who in 2012 crushed the military opposition and shifted the axis of power to the party, controlled by his uncle, would make it possible for Pyongyang to start moderate reforms and to engage in a cautious dialogue with his adversaries. The South Korean Presidency of Lee Myong Bak left much to be desired, as President Lee was perceived as an unsuitable partner for Pyongyang. Perhaps, a more moderate approach led by the ROKs new President, Park Geun Hye would help re-start an inter-Korean dialogue as well as reduce tensions and help promote multilateral economic projects, which is important for Russias advancement into North East Asia. Despite these constructive possibilities, in 2012 Kim Jong-Un unleashed a psychological war and aggressive high-profile PR-campaign, aimed at the West to solidify his power and also force concessions out of the U.S. Russia grew frustrated with Pyongyangs behavior, responding by moving away from its previous policy of trying to avoid criticizing Pyongyang. Bilateral relations, thus, cooled down in the wake of Russias support of the UN Security council resolution that aimed to add sanctions onto the DPRK for its nuclear tests. However, the reality is that Moscow cannot afford to antagonize Pyongyang, needing to instead work out political and diplomatic ways to solve the crisis in order to help ensure a long-term roadmap for a joint Korean settlement in full synchronization with other major world partners. Therefore, increased cooperation with South Korea under the new leadership is of special importance as this would help substantiate the strategic partnership between the two countries. 대다수의 러시아 전문가들과 정치인들은 2012년 군부의 반대를 누르고 권력의 중심축을 당으로 옮긴 김정은의 권력 시스템이 정착됨으로써 북한이 온건한 개혁을 시작하고 적대국들과 신중한 대화에 들어가기를 기대했다. 이명박 대통령은 북한과의 적합한 파트너가 아니라고 인식되었기 때문에 기대감이 크지 않았다. 아마도, 대한민국의 새 대통령인 박근혜가 주도하는 좀더 온건한 접근은 긴장을 줄이고, 러시아의 동북아 진출에 중요한 다자간 경제 프로젝트들을 촉진하는 것을 도울 뿐 아니라 남북 간 대화를 다시 시작하도록 돕게 될 것이다. 이같은 건설적인 가능성들에 대한 기대에도 불구하고, 2012년 김정은은 서방으로 하여금 자신의 권력을 더욱 확고히 하게하고 미국으로부터 양보를 얻어내기 위한 목적으로 심리전을 개시하고, 공격적인 고강도의 선전운동을 펼쳤다. 이러한 북한의 행동에 대한 러시아의 불만을 커져갔고, 마침내 러시아는 북한에 대한 비난을 피하는 이전의 정책으로부터 벗어나는 방식으로 대응했다. 러시아는 북의 핵실험에 대한 추가 제재를 목표로 하는 유엔안보리 결의를 지지하였고, 이에 따라 양자 간의 관계는 냉각되었다. 그러나 현실적으로 러시아는 북한을 적대시할 수 없다. 반대로 러시아는 다른 세계 주요국들과의 조화로운 협조를 바탕으로 한반도 문제에 관한 장기 로드맵을 보장하기 위해서 이 위기를 푸는데 있어 정치적이고 외교적인 방법을 취할 필요가 있는 것이다. 그렇기에 새로운 리더십 하의 남한과 협력을 늘려가는 것은 양국 간 전략적 파트너십을 구체적으로 실현하는 것을 돕는다는 점에서 러시아 입장에서는 특별히 중요하다

Russia and the Issues of the Korean Peninsula

The importance of Korean Peninsula in Russian foreign strategy is based on the need to preserve peace and stability in the Russia's Far East "soft underbelly" and to be a part of international efforts to solve the Korean problem, as well as to promote regional economic cooperation. In 1990-s Russia's position on the peninsula weakened, mainly because of the rupture of ties with North Korea, while relations with South Korea were reactive in nature. Rebalancing relations with the two Koreas in 2000-s increased Russia's involvement into Korean settlement, including the 6- party format. Russia/s relations with North Korea are now based on good neighborhood principle, however, they are far from idyllic as Russia disapproves of Pyongyang's behavior, especially its nuclear and missile activities. However to influence the situation more Russia should deepen its ties with the current Pyongyang leadership regardless of how irritating its behavior might be. Relations with the ROK are aimed at becoming strategic, but in reality are limited due to ROK's alliance with the USA. However South Korea has become the third most important economic partner in Asia. Russia is especially interested in three- party projects, such as Trans-Korean railroad (linked to Transsiberan transit way), gas pipeline and electricity grid. However implementation of these project is negatively influenced by the tensions in Korean peninsula. It can be solved only by multilateral efforts for comprehensive solution combining security guarantees for North Korea and its abandonment of nuclear option

The effect of seedbed treatment of seeds by disinfectants and complex water soluble fertilizers on maize productivity

The article deals with the information that treatment of middle early maize hybrid ‘Krasnodarsky 292 AMV’ by disinfectants and complex water soluble fertilizers TMTD, Maxima XL, Semafor and Tabu together with Gidromiks and Lignogumat of potassium improved productivity and Borogum was more efficient with Tabu. The economic analysis showed that the use of TMTD, Maxima XL, Semafor increased the norm of profitability on 17%, 19% and 12% respectively, and the use of Tabu coincided with the control. The seed treatment by the combination of Gidromiks with other variants increased profitability from 27% to 67%, with Lignogumat from 32% to 59%, the combination of Semafor with Borogum gave a significant increase of profitability on 37%, the combination Tabu with Borogum on 42%. The article presents the tree-year study of the effect of maize seed treatment by disinfectants TMTD (4 l/t), Maxima XL (1 l/t), Semafor (2.5 l/t) and Tabu (6 l/t), by the combination with Gidromiks 9200 g/t), Lignogumat (0.5 l/t) and Borogum (1 l/t). The study showed that both separate disinfectants and their combinations do not have a significant effect on the height of maize stem, but increases the area of leaf surface and photosynthetic potential of sowing in comparison with the control untreated seeds. There was an accumulation of dry aboveground weight in the variant with treated seeds, but the productivity of leaf photosynthesis prevailed in the variants with untreated seeds