54 research outputs found
MANFAAT BULU BABI (ECHINOIDEA), DARI SUMBER PANGAN SAMPAI ORGANISME HIAS
Bulu babi adalah hewan avertebrata laut. Para ahli mengelompokkan organisme ini dalam Filum Echinodermata. Menurut Aziz (1993) di Perairan Indonesia terdapat sekitar 84 jenis bulu babi. Organisme ini memiliki beragam fungsi. Sebagian dapat berfungsi sebagai bahan pangan, ada yang berguna dalam ekologi, ekonomi dan sifat racun. Sebagian lain berfungsi sebagai organisme model, untuk pengobatan penyakit pada manusia dan digunakan sebagai hewan hias.Kata kunci: bulu babi, bahan pangan, manfaat ekologi, nilai ekonomis, sifat racun, hewan hias
Keragaman Genetik Bulu Babi (Echinoidea)
Bulu babi adalah hewan Avertebrata laut yang kaya manfaat. Organisme yang tergolong dalam kelas Echinoidea ini dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai sumber pangan bergizi (Darsono & Sukarno, 1993; Nontji, 2002), berguna dalam ekologi (Lawrence, 1975; Lang & Schroeter, 1976), dan bernilai ekonomis penting. Bulu babi juga berfungsi sebagai organisme hiasan dan digunakan dalam bidang kesehatan untuk pengobatan penyakit (Angka & Suhartono, 2000). Beberapa ahli menggunakan bulu babi sebagai salah satu organisme paling populer untuk mempelajari biologi reproduksi (Vacquier et al., 1995), embriologi (Davidson et al., 1998; Lee et al., 1999), toksikologi (Dinnel et al., 1989), regulasi gen (Davidson et al., 2002), dan biologi evolusi (Peterson et al., 2000)
Identifikasi Genetik Ikan Teri dari Teluk Cenderawasih dengan pendekatan DNA Barcoding
The Cenderawasih Bay is a marine habitat for whale sharks (R. typus) which appear almost all year round. The appearance of this whale shark is triggered by various factors, including the food. Anchovy is one of the attractions for the emergence of whale sharks, so it is necessary to conduct genetic, biological and ecological studies. Anchovy has a small in size, making it difficult to identify morphologically. The purpose of this study was to genetically identify anchovy samples obtained from Cenderawasih Bay and compare the sequences with the GenBank database. The COI gene fragments were amplified by PCR method, using primer jg-LCO and jg-HCO. Sequencing is carried out from two directions, forward and reverse with the sanger termination dideoxy method. The resulting DNA sequence has a length of 669 base pairs encoding 223 amino acids. The results of homological comparisons with the NCBI and BOLD System databases show that this sample has similarities to the COI sequence of Spratelloides gracilis with a similarity number up to 99%. The results of the phylogenetic tree analysis showed that the anchovy samples from Cenderawasih Bay were in one clade with S. gracilis from Japan and separated from the clade of S. gracilis from the Red Sea, with a distance between clades is 0.104. This result is in line with the identification by homological comparison in the NCBI and BOLD System.Kawasan Teluk Cenderawasih merupakan perairan yang menjadi habitat hiu paus (Rhincodon typus) yang muncul hampir sepanjang tahun. Kemunculan hiu paus ini dipicu oleh berbagai faktor, diantaranya adalah faktor makanan. Ikan Teri menjadi salah satu daya tarik tersendiri bagi kemunculan hiu paus, sehingga perlu dilakukan pengkajian secara genetik, biologi dan ekologinya. Ikan Teri memiliki ukuran yang kecil, sehingga sulit dilakukan identifikasi secara morfologi. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu mengidentifikasi secara genetik sampel ikan teri yang diperoleh dari Teluk Cenderawasih dan membandingkan sekuensnya dengan database GenBank. Fragmen gen COI diamplifikasi dengan metode PCR, menggunakan primer jg-LCO dan jg-HCO. Sekuensing dilakukan dari dua arah yaitu forward dan reverse dengan metode dideoksi terminasi sanger. Hasil sekuens DNA yang diperoleh memiliki panjang 669 pasang basa yang menyandi 223 asam amino. Hasil pembandingan homologi dengan database NCBI dan BOLD system menunjukkan sampel ini memiliki kemiripan dengan sekuens COI dari Spratelloides gracilis dengan kemiripan mencapai 99%. Hasil analisis pohon filogenetik menunjukkan bahwa sampel ikan teri dari Teluk Cenderawasih berada dalam satu clade dengan S. gracilis dari Jepang dan terpisah clade dengan S. gracilis dari Laut Merah dengan jarak antar clade 0.104. Hasil ini serupa dengan hasil identifikasi secara homologi pada database NCBI dan BOLD system
Gastropods Species Associated with Seagrass Ecosystems in Pasir Putih, Manokwari
Gastropods are one of the classes of mollusks that associate well with seagrass ecosystems. The waters of Pasir Putih are included in a coastal area where many types of gastropods are found in seagrass ecosystems. However, not all types of gastropods in seagrass beds in this region are well known. For this reason, this study aims to determine the types of gastropods associated with seagrass ecosystems in the waters of Pasir Putih, Manokwari. But specifically the objectives of this study are divided into 3, knowing the types of gastropods, seagrass species and the association of gastropods with seagrass in Pasir Putih Waters, Manokwari. In sampling, the quadratic transect method was used, drawn perpendicularly from the shore towards the shore. Physical parameters of water chemistry were observed in situ, this data collection method used was descriptive method. Based on the results of the identification that has been done, that there are 115 individuals, 42 species and 15 families that exist in the White Sand Waters, Manokwari. Four seagrass species were found, namely Cymodocea rotundata, Halodule pinifolia, Halophila ovalis, and Syringodium isoetifolium
Diversity and Abundance of Plankton in Mangrove Waters
The mangrove forest is an environment that is very rich in nutrients and it becomes an important element for plankton growth. This article aims to determine the diversity and abundance of plankton species in the mangrove area. The method used in this writing is a literature study, by exploring written sources in the form of books, articles, journals, or other documents relevant to the problem being presented. The information obtained from the literature study can be used as a reference to strengthen the existing arguments. The results of the writing show that the abundance and diversity of plankton in mangrove waters are strongly influenced by the physical and chemical conditions of the water, local conditions, tides, zoning, and mangrove density. In general, phytoplankton from the Bacillariophyceae class dominate mangrove waters compared to zooplankton. A mangrove forest management strategy needs to be implemented so that it can function for organisms and the surrounding environment
STRUKTUR KOMUNITAS BULU BABI (Echinoidea) DI ZONA INTERTIDAL PERAIRAN MANOKWARI
ABSTRACTSea urchins (Echinoidea) are spread from shallow intertidal areas to the deep sea. This study aims to determine species diversity and abundance of sea urchins in the intertidal zone of Manokwari Waters. The study took place in three locations in the intertidal zone of Manokwari waters. The method used was purposive sampling with a line transect sampling technique measuring 1x1 meter in size. We found 10 species namely H. mammilatus, E. mathaei, E. oblonga, E. viridis, E. lucunter, D. setosum, E. calamaris, D. savignyi, Echinotrix sp., and E. diadema. Sea urchin (H ') index value ranges from Hβ= 0.2173β0.448430; Index (E) ranges between 0.3108β0.7477 and the Index Value (C) ranges between 0.3769-0.7911 in each of the intertidal zones. L1 (Di = 0.5 ind / 6m2 - 21.8 ind / 6m2); KR = (2.0270%β88.5135%); L2 (Di = 0.5 ind / 6m2β9.5 ind / 6m2; KR = 0.8474% -48.3050%) and L3 (Di = 0.8 ind / 6m2β7.1 ind / 6m2; KR = 7.6923% -66.1538%).Keywords: Abundance, Intertidal, Manokwari, Sea Urchin, Species Diversity,ABSTRAKBulu babi (Echinoidea) tersebar di daerah pasang surut yang dangkal hingga laut dalam. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keanekaragaman jenis dan kelimpahan bulu babi di zona intertidal. Penelitian dilakukan pada tiga lokasi di Perairan Manokwari. Metode yang digunakan adalah purposive sampling dengan teknik line transect sampling berukuran 1 Γ 1 meter. Kami menemukan 10 spesies yaitu H. mammilatus, E. mathaei, E. oblonga, E. viridis, E. lucunter, D. setosum, E. calamaris, D. savignyi, Echinotrix sp., dan E. diadema. Nilai indeks bulu babi (H') berkisar dari H' = 0,2173β0,448430; Indeks (E) berkisar antara 0,3108β0,7477 dan Nilai Indeks (C) berkisar antara 0,3769β0,7911. Kelimpahan mutlak dan relatif pada setiap lokasi adalah: L1 (Di = 0,5 ind/6m2 - 21,8 ind/6m2); KR = (2,0270% - 88,5135%); L2 (Di = 0,5 ind/6m2β9,5 ind/6m2; KR = 0,8474% -48.3050%) dan L3 (Di = 0,8 ind/6m2β7,1 ind/6m2; KR = 7.6923% -66,1538%).Kata Kunci: Bulu Babi, Intertidal, Keanekaragaman Jenis, Kelimpahan, Manokwar
Genetic Diversity and Connectivity of Sea Urchin Tripneustes gratilla in Region Surrounding Cenderawasih Bay, Papua-Indonesia and Indo-Pacific
Cenderawasih Bay has extremely high biodiversity with an enormous amount of endemic species due to geography isolation. Tripneustes gratilla is one of the species that is abundant in the bay. The species has ecological value that is suitable for bio-indicators of the environmental condition. Since the Bay relatively isolated area, then we examined the impact of the geographical conditions on genetic diversity and connectivity of Tripneustes gratilla among populations in the region surrounding Cenderawasih Bay based on the mitochondrial cytochrome c-oxidase-1 gene. Results of the study showed that genetic variation of the species within the population is high; despite the genetic variation among populations was low. The data suggested that the entire population of T. gratilla were closed connected, homogeneous, and shared polymorphic profile. Then we assumed the gene flow occurred for a long time among populations without geographical barriers. This information is a warrant to develop an effective strategy to maintain biodiversity in the Cenderawasih Bay
Distribusi Ukuran dan Tingkat Kematangan Gonad Ikan Julung-Julung Hemiramphus lutkei (Valenciennes, 1847) yang diperdagangkan di Kabupaten Manokwari Papua Barat
This study aims to determine the distribution of length to weight, sex ratio, gonad maturity level of julung fish (Hemiramphus lutkei) traded in Sanggeng and Borobudur Manokwari fish markets, West Papua. Research data collection was carried out for Β± 1 month, namely February - March 2021, using a descriptive method. The number of fish samples collected was 542 fish. The results of the analysis of the size distribution of julung-julung fish during sampling for body length ranged from 219 β 355 mm for males and 215 -380 mm for females, with a body weight range of 27-53 grams for males and 30-65 grams. The sex ratio analysis of julung julung fish was obtained for males (321 fish) and females (221 fish) significantly different, which means this ratio deviated from the ideal value of 1:1. Based on the results of the analysis show that the value of X2 -count > X2 -table, then H0 is rejected, which means the sex ratio of male and female fish is not balanced from TKG I-VII for males and TKG II-VII for females and mostly found in TKG III conditions. The size of the male julung fish when the gonads first mature was estimated at a length of about 230-260 mm and the female at a size of 250-280 mm. The average Gonad Somatic Index (GSI) of female julung fish was 0.0876 and the standard error was 0.0061 with a GSI range of 0.0092 β 0.7574. The relation- ship between TKG and GSI shows that the increasing stage of fish gonad maturity will be followed by an increase in the value of the fish gonadal index
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