\u3cem\u3eIn situ\u3c/em\u3e embryo rescue for generation of wide intra- and interspecific hybrids of \u3cem\u3ePanicum virgatum\u3c/em\u3e L.

Wide crosses have been used for decades as a method for transferring novel genetic material and traits in plant breeding. Historically, many products of wide crosses require tedious and inefficient surgical embryo rescue prior to embryo abortion to recover single plantlets. We have utilized transgenic switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L. cv Alamo) as a pollen donor in conjunction with antibiotic or herbicide selection for recovery of intra-and interspecific F1 crosses by using developing ovules from the female parent and selecting for embryogenic cultures derived from the in situ immature embryo. Using this approach, several intravarietial crosses were generated between transgenic Alamo and the switchgrass varieties Kanlow, Blackwell and Cave-in-Rock as well as an interspecific cross with Atlantic coastal panicgrass. This procedure selected F1 embryogenic callus produced from the developing embryo contained within isolated immature ovules. Several clonal plants were successfully regenerated from each cross. Southern blot, PCR, phenotypic analyses and genomic analysis confirmed F1 hybrids. Using genotyping-bysequencing shows the hybridization of the recovered plants by determining the ratio of transgressive markers to total compared markers between parents and their potential offspring. The ratio of transgressive markers to total compared markers was significantly lower between parents and their predicted offspring than between parents and offspring unrelated to them. This approach provides the possibility to move useful transgenes into varieties that are recalcitrant to direct transformation which can be optionally segregated thus useful to create new hybrids, as well as recovery of wide crosses that are either difficult or impossible using traditional techniques

APOE ɛ4 is associated with postictal confusion in patients with medically refractory temporal lobe epilepsy

This study examined the relationship between the APOE ɛ4 allele and postictal confusion in patients with medically intractable temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Patients with at least one ɛ4 allele (n = 22) were three times more likely to exhibit postictal confusion (68%) than the 63 patients without ɛ4 (43%). These preliminary results demonstrate that APOE ɛ4 is associated with an increased risk of postictal confusion in patients with medically intractable TLE, suggesting possible dysfunction in neuronal recovery mechanisms

Contribuição do Ensino a Distância em uma Unidade Curricular do Curso de Enfermagem

A realização de aulas viabilizadas por meio de recursos digitais em ambientes virtuais de aprendizagem (AVAs) em cursos presenciais é uma estratégia pertinente diante do atual contexto sociotécnico, que pode contribuir com o processo pedagógico e promover maior aproximação de aluno, professor e tutor. Assim, o objetivo do presente estudo foi estruturar e desenvolver os conteúdos de Biologia Celular, por meio do AVA Moodle, como estratégia pedagógica para os alunos do primeiro período do curso de Enfermagem da Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei (UFSJ). Durante um semestre letivo, todos os estudantes do primeiro período tiveram acesso aos conteúdos on-line. As atividades mais acessadas foram os questionários sobre os componentes celulares e a bioquímica celular, seguidas por tarefas com pontuação e a visualização dos demais conteúdos do curso. Assim, diante de um cenário com ampla inserção das tecnologias digitais de informação e comunicação (TDIC) nos espaços individuais, sociais e profissionais, as universidades precisam repensar as possibilidades de desenvolvimento de propostas pedagógicas a partir de modelos de aprendizagem híbridos, ou seja, que combinam estratégias de ensino e aprendizagem on-line e presencial, conferindo maior flexibilidade e autonomia aos estudantes.Palavras-chave: Moodle; Enfermagem; Biologia celular.  Contribution of the Distance Education on a Curricular Unit of Nursing Course AbstractThe realization of lectures supported by digital resources in digital learning environments (DLE) in traditional classroom courses is an appropriate strategy given the current technical-social context of the student. DLEs can contribute to the educational process and promote approximation of student, teacher and tutor. The objective of this study was to structure and develop Cell Biology content through the VLE Moodle, as a pedagogical strategy for students of the first period of the Nursing DLE Moodle, as a pedagogical strategy for students in the first contact with the undergraduate nursing course or the Federal University of São João del-Rei (UFSJ). During one semester, all students had access to the online content of the course. The most accessed activities were questionnaires on cell components and biochemistry, followed by scored exercises and visualization of other resources of the course. Faced with a scenario with broad integration of digital information and communication technologies (DICT) in individual, social and professional spaces, universities need to rethink the possibilities of development of education projects based on hybrid learning models, that is, combine teaching strategies, e-learning techiniques and traditional lectures providing greater flexibility and autonomy to students.Keywords: Moodle; Nursing; Cell biology

Conhecimento de neurociências para a comunidade: Neuroanatomia e memória/aprendizado

O Programa Internacional de Avaliação de Estudantes mostrou que os alunos brasileiros apresentam déficit expressivo em leitura, matemática e ciências. A neurociência tem como objeto de estudo o sistema nervoso e descobertas recentes podem impactar a capacidade cognitiva da população. O projeto "Pílulas de Neurociências para um Cérebro Melhor: Ensino de Neuroanatomia e Aprendizado/Memória em Divinópolis-MG” foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de divulgar as neurociências para comunidade. A proposta extensionista foi desenvolvida por discentes da área da saúde da Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, Campus Centro-Oeste, em Divinópolis-MG. O objetivo do artigo foi relatar a experiência extensionista do projeto de 2016 à 2020. Escolares, estudantes de cursinhos pré-vestibulares, universitários, professores e a população geral participaram de encontros teóricos e práticos em que puderam discutir sobre anatomia e função cerebral, com foco em mecanismos de memória e aprendizado. O impacto da qualidade do sono, da alimentação, da prática de atividade física, da diminuição do estresse e outros foram discutidos em cerca de setenta ações extensionistas em instituições de ensino, praças públicas e eventos acadêmicos. A interdisciplinaridade e a interprofissionalidade nortearam a abordagem dos temas escolhidos nas ações extensionistas. O diálogo com a comunidade gerou impacto na formação do extensionista e, possivelmente, promoveu transformação social ao empoderar a população quanto à escolhas saudáveis para o cérebro. A consciência do papel social do cidadão escolarizado frente aos desafios da educação no país motivou a ação extensionista e permitiu a devolutiva da universidade pública à sociedade. Palavras-chave: Relações Comunidade-Instituição; Anatomia; Neurofisiologia; Educação Knowledge of neurosciences for the community: Teaching of neuroanatomy and memory/learning mechanisms Abstract: The International Student Assessment Program showed that Brazilian students have significant reading, mathematics, and science deficits. Neuroscience has the nervous system as its object of study, and recent discoveries can impact the cognitive capacity of the population. The project "Neuroscience Pills for a Better Brain: Teaching Neuroanatomy and Learning/Memory in Divinópolis-MG" was developed to disseminate neurosciences to the community. The action proposed was developed by students in the health area of ​​the Federal University of São João del-Rei, Campus Centro-Oeste, in Divinópolis, Minas Gerais state, Brazil. The objective of the article was to report the experience of the project from 2016 to 2020. Schoolchildren, pre-university preparatory courses, university students, teachers, and the general population participated in theoretical and practical meetings, and they could discuss brain anatomy and function, focusing on memory and learning mechanisms. The impact of sleep quality, food, physical activity, stress reduction, and other topics was discussed in about seventy extension actions in schools, public squares, and academic events. Interdisciplinarity and interprofessionality guided the approach to the themes chosen in the actions. The dialogue with the community positively impacted academics and possibly promoted social transformation by empowering the population regarding healthy choices about the brain. The awareness of the social role of the educated citizen in the face the challenges of education in the country motivated the action and allowed the return of the public university to society. Keywords: : Community-Institutional Relations; Anatomy; Neurophysiology; Educatio

Chelatable zinc modulates excitability and seizure duration in the amygdala rapid kindling model

Zinc is present in high concentration in many structures of the limbic circuitry, however the role of zinc as a neuromodulator in such synapses is stilt uncertain. In this work, we verified the effects of zinc chelation in an animal model of epileptogenesis induced by amygdala rapid kindling. The basolateral. amygdala was electrically stimulated ten times per day for 2 days. A single stimulus was applied on the third day. Stimulated animals received injections of PBS or the zinc chelator diethildythiocarbamate acid (DEDTC) before each stimulus series. Animals were monitored with video-EEG and were perfused 3 h after the last stimulus for subsequent neo-Timm and Ftuoro-Jade B analysis. Zinc chelation decreased the duration of both behavioral seizures and electrical after-discharges, and also decreased the EEG spikes frequency, without changing the progression of behavioral seizure severity. These results indicate that the zinc ion may have a facilitatory role during kindling progression. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Comparative neuroanatomical and temporal characterization of FluoroJade-positive neurodegeneration after status epilepticus induced by systemic and intrahippocampal pilocarpine in Wistar rats

The aims of this study were to characterize the spatial distribution of neurodegeneration after status epilepticus (SE) induced by either systemic (S) or intrahippocampal (H) injection of pilocarpine (PILO), two models of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), using FluoroJade (FJ) histochemistry, and to evaluate the kinetics of FJ staining in the H-PILO model. Therefore, we measured the severity of behavioral seizures during both types of SE and also evaluated the FJ staining pattern at 12, 24, and 168 h (7 days) after the H-PILO insult. We found that the amount of FJ-positive (FJ+) area was greater in SE induced by S-PILO as compared to SE induced by H-PILO. After SE induced by H-PILO, we found more FJ+ cells in the hilus of the dentate gyrus (DG) at 12 h, in CA3 at 24 h, and in CA1 at 168 h. We found also no correlation between seizure severity and the number of FJ+ cells in the hippocampus. Co-localization studies of FJ+ cells with either neuronal-specific nuclear protein (NeuN) or glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) labeling 24 h after H-PILO demonstrated spatially selective neurodegeneration. Double labeling with FJ and parvalbumin (PV) showed both FJ+/PV+ and FJ+/PV- cells in hippocampus and entorhinal cortex, among other areas. The current data indicate that FJ+ areas are differentially distributed in the two TLE models and that these areas are greater in the S-PILO than in the H-PILO model. There is also a selective kinetics of FJ+ cells in the hippocampus after SE induced by H-PILO, with no association with the severity of seizures, probably as a consequence of the extra-hippocampal damage. These data point to SE induced by H-PILO as a low-mortality model of TLE, with regional spatial and temporal patterns of FJ staining. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.FAPESP[2007/50261-4]FAPESP-Cinapce[2005/56447-7]CAPES-PROEXPRO-NEXCNPqFAEPA/HC-FMRP-USPCAPES-BrazilCNPq-Brazi