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Not Available
Not AvailableRainfed arable systems of India accounts
about 55% of the total sown area (Shankar, 2011),
while slightly higher parts of the it about 62% is
rainfed in Madhya Pradesh state of India. The
Madhya Pradesh state has 14.9 M ha cultivated
area constitutes almost half of the total geographical
area and agriculture is the major source of
livelihood for more than 70% human population,
production systems should be resilient to risks, be
able to ensure food, nutritional security and
strengthened livelihood systems with minimum
environmental externalities. The Chambal division
is consisting of Morena, Sheopur and Bhind
district of Madhya Pradesh. Total geographical
area (TGA) of Chambal division is 16.054 lakh
ha, net crop sown area 7.52 lakh ha and area under
ravines is 3.11 lakh ha, which is highly degraded
land (Singh et al., 2018). Out of total area under
ravines in Chambal division have 1.92 lakh ha in
undivided Morena (Morena and Sheopur) district
(Tomar et al., 2015). Ravines owe their origin to
rill-erosion on highly erodible soils by run-off
rain water. Ravines mean not only a loss of nonrenewable
land-resource but also destruction of
rural economy, loss of public property, creation of
socioeconomic problems such as dacoitinfestation
and unemployment (Singh et al.,
2014). Since formation of ravines was a function
of uncontrolled run-off, the management of rainwater
through storage of rain water in ponds
watershed basis was an appropriate approach for
control of ravine and increase of irrigated areas
(Verma and Singh, 2009). The groundwater table
of the area is approximately 122 feet deep. The
over exploitation of underground water through
well and tube wells in the district the water table
goes downwards to 2 to 5 feet every year and
ordinary wells and open well become dry and
pose problems of domestic use, animal rearing
and agriculture activities in remote areas. In
general, the quality of under ground water also
deteriorated (salinity and alkalinity) with
decreasing of water table in some patches are also
seen. Rain water collection in ponds and its
recycling is very important component of rainfed
as well as in irrigated agriculture system. Runoff
collection can be done in several ways depending
upon the characteristics and suitability site.
Runoff will get stored temporarily against
submersible check dams, pond, stop dam, anicut,
the construction of which will be very essential
for stabilization of gully-bed, etc. Also, selection
of suitable sites for construction of farm ponds or
tanks is necessary to store runoff.
Hon'ble Prime Minister of the country has
urged upon doubling farmers' income by 2022.
Therefore, it is essential that farm productivity
should increase in irrigated as well as rainfed
areas. In Morena district the pearlmillet, pigeonpea,
soybean, blackgram, wheat, mustard, chickpea
and vegetables are major existing crops but
the productivity of these crops is low from
potential yield of crops owing to adoption of local
varieties, non-adoption of improved agronomic
package, mono-cropping, intensive and repeat
tillage, faulty crop establishment method,
undulating topography, burning of crop residues
and several abiotic and biotic climatic abnormalities.Not Availabl