Current legal issues impacting crop production

On March 16, 2015, the Des Moines Board of Water Works Trustees (DMWW) filed a federal Clean Water Act (CWA) lawsuit agand Calhoun). The lawsuit, which was filed in the United States District Court for the Northern District of Iowa, al leged that the supervisors, in their capacity as trustees for the drainage districts. The lawsuit, among its many demands, asked the federal court to order the drainage districts to cease “all discharges of nitrate that are not authorized by an NPDES or state operating permit.

The Current Farm Downturn versus the 1920s and 1980s Farm Crises: An Economic and Regulatory Comparison

Purpose – This paper examines the current farm economic downturn and credit restructuring by comparing it with the 1920s and 1980s farm crises from both economic and regulatory perspectives. Design/methodology/approach – This paper closely compared critical economic and regulatory aspects of the current farm downturn with two previous farm crises in the 1920s and 1980s, and equally importantly, the golden eras that occurred before them. This study compares key aggregate statistics in land value, agricultural credit, lending regulations, and also evaluates the situations and impacts on individual farmer households by using several case studies. Findings – We argue that there are at least three economic and regulatory reasons why the current farm downturn is unlikely to slide into a sudden collapse of the agricultural markets: strong, real income growth in the 2000s, historically low interest rates, and more prudent agricultural lending practices. The current farm downturn is more likely a liquidity and working capital problem, as opposed to a solvency and balance sheet problem for the overall agricultural sector. We argue that the trajectory of the current farm downturn will likely be a gradual, drawn-out one like that of the 1920s farm crisis, as opposed to a sudden collapse as in the 1980s farm crisis. Originality/value – Our review provides empirical evidence for cautious optimism of the future trajectory of the current downturn, and argues that the current downturn is much more similar to the 1920s pattern than the 1980s crisis

The current farm downturn vs the 1920s and 1980s farm crises: An economic and regulatory comparison

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the current farm economic downturn and credit restructuring by comparing it with the 1920s and 1980s farm crises from both economic and regulatory perspectives. Design/methodology/approach This paper closely compares critical economic and regulatory aspects of the current farm downturn with two previous farm crises in the 1920s and 1980s, and equally importantly, the golden eras that occurred before them. This study compares key aggregate statistics in land value, agricultural credit, lending regulations, and also evaluates the situations and impacts on individual farmer households by using three representative case studies. Findings The authors argue that there are at least three economic and regulatory reasons why the current farm downturn is unlikely to slide into a sudden collapse of the agricultural markets: strong, real income; growth in the 2000s, historically low interest rates; and more prudent agricultural lending practices. The current farm downturn is more likely a liquidity and working capital problem, as opposed to a solvency and balance sheet problem for the overall agricultural sector. The authors argue that the trajectory of the current farm downturn will likely be a gradual, drawn-out one like that of the 1920s farm crisis, as opposed to a sudden collapse as in the 1980s farm crisis. Originality/value The review provides empirical evidence for cautious optimism of the future trajectory of the current downturn, and argues that the current downturn is much more similar to the 1920s pattern than the 1980s crisis

Assessment of temperature and time on the survivability of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) on experimentally contaminated surfaces

Fomites might be responsible for virus introduction in swine farms, highlighting the importance of implementing practices to minimize the probability of virus introduction. The study’s objective was to assess the efficacy of different combinations of temperatures and holding-times on detecting live PRRSV and PEDV on surfaces commonly found in supply entry rooms in swine farms. Two PRRSV isolates (MN 184 and 1-4-4 L1C variant) and one PEDV isolate (NC 49469/2013) were inoculated on cardboard and aluminum. An experimental study tested combinations of four temperatures (20°C, 30°C, 40°C, and 50°C) and six holding-times (15 minutes, 60 minutes, 6 hours, 12 hours, 24 hours, and 36 hours) for the presence of the viruses on each surface type. After virus titration, virus presence was assessed by assessing the cytopathic effects and immunofluorescence staining. The titers were expressed as log10 TCID50/ml, and regression models; half-lives equations were calculated to assess differences between treatments and time to not detect the live virus. The results suggest that the minimum time that surfaces should be held to not detect the virus at 30°C was 24 hours, 40°C required 12 hours, and 50°C required 6 hours; aluminum surfaces took longer to reach the desired temperature compared to cardboard. The results suggest that PRRSV 1-4-4 L1C variant had higher half-lives at higher temperatures than PRRSV MN 184. In conclusion, time and temperature combinations effectively decrease the concentration of PRRSV and PEDV on different surfaces found in supply entry rooms in swine farms.This article is published as Mil-Homens, Mafalda, Ethan Aljets, Rodrigo C. Paiva, Isadora Machado, Guilherme Cezar, Onyekachukwu Osemeke, Daniel Moraes et al. "Assessment of temperature and time on the survivability of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) on experimentally contaminated surfaces." Plos one 19, no. 1 (2024): e0291181. doi: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0291181. © 2024 Mil-Homens et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License

Dissertatio de populis Herodoto memoratis, qui Scandiam habitasse feruntur, quam, venia ampliss. facultatis philosophicae in Reg. Acad. Aboënsi, praeside mag. Gabriele Tidgren, l. l. o. o. et Gr. prof. reg. et ord. Pro gradu publice examinandam sistit stipendiarius regius Johannes Lithell, Sveo-Gothus, in auditorio majori die VII Junii anni MDCCLXXXVI, horis ante meridiem solitis.

Invokaatio: D.D.Dedikaatio: Carolus Lithell.Arkit: 1 arkintunnukseton lehti, A-B4 C2.Painovuosi nimekkeestä

Current legal issues impacting crop production

On March 16, 2015, the Des Moines Board of Water Works Trustees (DMWW) filed a federal Clean Water Act (CWA) lawsuit agand Calhoun). The lawsuit, which was filed in the United States District Court for the Northern District of Iowa, al leged that the supervisors, in their capacity as trustees for the drainage districts. The lawsuit, among its many demands, asked the federal court to order the drainage districts to cease “all discharges of nitrate that are not authorized by an NPDES or state operating permit.”</p

Dissertationis de regimine et constitutione reipublicae litterariae, partis secundae particula posterior, quam suffrag. ampl. fac. phil. Reg. Acad. Aboëns. publico examini subjiciunt Gabriel Tidgren & Carolus Carp, Ostrobotniensis, in aud. maj. die XXVII. Novembr. anni MDCCLXXVI, h. a. m. c.

Invokaatio: Q.F.F.Q.S.Arkit: G-H4 [I1].Painovuosi nimekkeestä.Jatkoa ei ilmestynyt

Dissertationis de eloquentia veterum Suio-Gothorum pars prior, quam, benigna ampl. ordin. philos. in Reg. Acad. Aboens. comprobatione, censurae publicae committunt Gabriel Tidgren, eloqu. & histor. docens, et Carolus Lund, Smolandus, in aud. maj. die VII. Maji an. MDCCLXXVII, horis ante meridiem solitis.

Arkit: A4, 1 arkintunnukseton lehti, B-C4 D1.Painovuosi nimekkeestä.Jatkoa ei ilmestynyt

Liber ecclesiastae, gemina versione et notis illustratus, cujus partem primam, cons. ampl. fac. philos. in Reg. Acad. Aboensi, Gabriel Tidgren, facult. ejusd. adjunct. ord. et Johannes Lithell, Nericius, publico examini subjiciunt, in auditorio majori, die XVI Octob. MDCCLXXXIV, h. a. m. s.

Arkit: 1 arkintunnukseton lehti, B3. - S. [2] tyhjä.Painovuosi nimekkeestä.Jatkoa ei ilmestynyt

Dissertatio philosophica, de regimine et constitutione reipublicae litterariae, cujus partem primam, suffrag. ampl. fac. phil. Reg. Acad. Aboëns. publico examini subjiciunt Gabriel Tidgren, phil. mag. & Adamus Salvenius, Tavastensis, in audit. super. ad diem VI. Nov. anni MDCCLXXIII, horis antemeridianis.

Invokaatio: Q.F.S.F.Q.Arkit: A-C4.Painovuosi nimekkeestä