CP Violation and Extra Dimensions

It is shown that the new sources of CP violation can be generated in the models with more than one extra dimensions. In the supersymmetric models on the space-time $M^4\times T^2/Z_2$, where the radius moduli have auxiliary vacuum expectation values and the supersymmetry breaking is mediated by the Kaluza-Klein states of gauge supermultiplets, we analyze the gaugino masses and trilinear couplings for two scenarios and obtain that there exist relative CP violating phases among the gaugino masses and trilinear couplings.Comment: Latex, 7 page

Constraints on Neutrino Velocities Revisited

With a minimally modified dispersion relation for neutrinos, we reconsider the constraints on superluminal neutrino velocities from bremsstrahlung effects in the laboratory frame. Employing both the direct calculation approach and the virtual Z-boson approach, we obtain the generic decay width and energy loss rate of a superluminal neutrino with general energy. The Cohen-Glashow's analytical results for neutrinos with a relatively low energy are confirmed in both approaches. We employ the survival probability instead of the terminal energy to assess whether a neutrino with a given energy is observable or not in the OPERA experiment. Moreover, using our general results we perform systematical analyses on the constraints arising from the Super-Kamiokande and IceCube experiments.Comment: RevTex4, 14 pages, 5 figures, minor corrections, version to appear in Phys. Rev.

Scales, Couplings Revisited and Low Energy Phenomenology in M-theory on S1/Z2S^1/Z_2

We revisit the eleven dimension Planck scale, the physical scale of the eleventh dimension, the physical scale of Calabi-Yau manifold and coupling in hidden sector in M-theory on $S^1/Z_2$. And we discuss the reasonable bound on them. Considering F-term of dilaton and moduli SUSY breaking and choosing two repersentative points which correspond to scalar quasi-massless scenario and dilaton dominant SUSY breaking scenario respectively, we analyze experimental constraints to the parameter space. The sparticle spectrum and some phenomenological predictions are also given.Comment: 35 pages and 8 eps files. One error on fig1b is correcte

Generalization of Friedberg-Lee Symmetry

We study the possible origin of Friedberg-Lee symmetry. First, we propose the generalized Friedberg-Lee symmetry in the potential by including the scalar fields in the field transformations, which can be broken down to the FL symmetry spontaneously. We show that the generalized Friedberg-Lee symmetry allows a typical form of Yukawa couplings, and the realistic neutrino masses and mixings can be generated via see-saw mechanism. If the right-handed neutrinos transform non-trivially under the generalized Friedberg-Lee symmetry, we can have the testable TeV scale see-saw mechanism. Second, we present two models with the $SO(3)\times U(1)$ global flavour symmetry in the lepton sector. After the flavour symmetry breaking, we can obtain the charged lepton masses, and explain the neutrino masses and mixings via see-saw mechanism. Interestingly, the complete neutrino mass matrices are similar to those of the above models with generalized Friedberg-Lee symmetry. So the Friedberg-Lee symmetry is the residual symmetry in the neutrino mass matrix after the $SO(3)\times U(1)$ flavour symmetry breaking.Comment: 16 pages, no figure, version published in PR

Weak Mixing Angle and the SU(3)_C times SU(3) Model on M^4 times S^1/(Z_2 times Z_2')

We show that the desirable weak mixing angle sin^2 theta_W = 0.2312 at m_Z scale can be generated naturally in the SU(3)_C times SU(3) model on M^4 times S^1 / (Z_2 times Z_2') where the gauge symmetry SU(3) is broken down to SU(2)_L times U(1)_Y by orbifold projection. For a supersymmetric model with a TeV scale extra dimension, the SU(3) unification scale is about hundreds of TeVs at which the gauge couplings for SU(3)_C and SU(3) can also be equal in the mean time. For the non-supersymmetric model, SU(2)_L times U(1)_Y are unified at order of 10 TeV. These models may serve as good candidates for physics beyond the SM or MSSM.Comment: Latex, 5 pages, references added, version to appear in PL

The Superluminal Neutrinos from Deformed Lorentz Invariance

We study two superluminal neutrino scenarios where \delta v\equiv (v-c)/c is a constant. To be consistent with the OPERA, Borexino, and ICARUS experiments and with the SN1987a observations, we assume that \delta v_{\nu} on the Earth is about three order larger than that on the interstellar scale. To explain the theoretical challenges from the Bremsstrahlung effects and pion decays, we consider the deformed Lorentz invariance, and show that the superluminal neutrino dispersion relations can be realized properly while the modifications to the dispersion relations of the other Standard Model particles can be negligible. In addition, we propose the deformed energy and momentum conservation laws for a generic physical process. In Scenario I the momentum conservation law is preserved while the energy conservation law is deformed. In Scenario II the energy conservation law is preserved while the momentum conservation law is deformed. We present the energy and momentum conservation laws in terms of neutrino momentum in Scenario I and in terms of neutrino energy in Scenario II. In such formats, the energy and momentum conservation laws are exactly the same as those in the traditional quantum field theory with Lorentz symmetry. Thus, all the above theoretical challenges can be automatically solved. We show explicitly that the Bremsstrahlung processes are forbidden and there is no problem for pion decays.Comment: RevTex4, 5 pages, comments and references adde

Computational results for an automatically tuned CMA-ES with increasing population size on the CEC'05 benchmark set

Abstract In this article, we apply an automatic algorithm configuration tool to improve the performance of the CMA-ES algorithm with increasing population size (iCMA-ES), the best performing algorithm on the CEC'05 benchmark set for continuous function optimization. In particular, we consider a separation between tuning and test sets and, thus, tune iCMA-ES on a different set of functions than the ones of the CEC'05 benchmark set. Our experimental results show that the tuned iCMA-ES improves significantly over the default version of iCMA-ES. Furthermore, we provide some further analyses on the impact of the modified parameter settings on iCMA-ES performance and a comparison with recent results of algorithms that use CMA-ES as a subordinate local search

A Note on Bound Constraints Handling for the IEEE CEC’05 Benchmark Function Suite

The benchmark functions and some of the algorithms proposed for the special session on real parameter optimization of the 2005 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC'05) have played and still play an important role in the assessment of the state of the art in continuous optimization. In this article, we show that if bound constraints are not enforced for the final reported solutions, state-of-the-art algorithms produce infeasible best candidate solutions for the majority of functions of the IEEE CEC'05 benchmark function suite. This occurs even though the optima of the CEC'05 functions are within the specified bounds. This phenomenon has important implications on algorithm comparisons, and therefore on algorithm designs. This article's goal is to draw the attention of the community to the fact that some authors might have drawn wrong conclusions from experiments using the CEC'05 problems. © 2014 by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

N=2 6-dimensional Supersymmetric E6E_6 Breaking

We study the $N=2$ supersymmetric $E_6$ models on the 6-dimensional space-time where the supersymmetry and gauge symmetry can be broken by the discrete symmetry. On the space-time $M^4\times S^1/(Z_2\times Z_2') \times S^1/(Z_2\times Z_2')$, for the zero modes, we obtain the 4-dimensional $N=1$ supersymmetric models with gauge groups $SU(3)\times SU(2) \times SU(2) \times U(1)^2$, $SU(4)\times SU(2) \times SU(2) \times U(1)$, and $SU(3)\times SU(2) \times U(1)^3$ with one extra pair of Higgs doublets from the vector multiplet. In addition, considering that the extra space manifold is the annulus $A^2$ and disc $D^2$, we list all the constraints on constructing the 4-dimensional $N=1$ supersymmetric $SU(3)\times SU(2) \times U(1)^3$ models for the zero modes, and give the simplest model with $Z_9$ symmetry. We also comment on the extra gauge symmetry breaking and its generalization.Comment: Latex, 12 pages, version to appear in PL

Low Energy 6-Dimensional N=2 Supersymmertric SU(6) Models on T2T^2 Orbifolds

We propose low energy 6-dimensional N=2 supersymmetric SU(6) models on $M^4\times T^2/(Z_2)^3$ and $M^4\times T^2/(Z_2)^4$, where the orbifold $SU(3)_C\times SU(3)$ model can be embedded on the boundary 4-brane. For the zero modes, the 6-dimensional N=2 supersymmetry and the SU(6) gauge symmetry are broken down to the 4-dimensional N=1 supersymmetry and the $SU(3)_C\times SU(2)_L\times U(1)_Y\times U(1)'$ gauge symmetry by orbifold projections. In order to cancel the anomalies involving at least one $U(1)'$, we add extra exotic particles. We also study the anomaly free conditions and present some anomaly free models. The gauge coupling unification can be achieved at $100\sim 200$ TeV if the compactification scale for the fifth dimension is $3\sim 4$ TeV. The proton decay problem can be avoided by putting the quarks and leptons/neutrinos on different 3-branes. And we discuss how to break the $SU(3)_C\times SU(2)_L\times U(1)_Y\times U(1)'$ gauge symmetry, solve the $\mu$ problem, and generate the $Z-Z'$ mass hierarchy naturally by using the geometry. The masses of exotic particles can be at the order of 1 TeV after the gauge symmetry breaking. We also forbid the dimension-5 operators for the neutrino masses by $U(1)'$ gauge symmetry, and the realistic left-handed neutrino masses can be obtained via non-renormalizable terms.Comment: Latex, 33 pages, discussion and references adde