9,731 research outputs found
Using Household Panel Data to Understand the Intergenerational Transmission of Poverty
This paper discusses how household panel surveys can be informative about the intergenerational transmission of poverty. We consider issues both of data and of the statistical methods that may be applied to those data. Although the data focus is on panel surveys from developed countries, we also briefly consider data availability in developing countries. We set out a list of survey data requirements for intergenerational analysis, and then discuss how the main household panel surveys in developed countries meet the criteria. In order to highlight the advantages and disadvantages of household panel surveys, the section also compares them with other types of longitudinal studies. Next, we review the estimation methods that have been used to examine the intergenerational transmission of poverty when using household panel surveys. Finally, we provide three examples of household panel surveys in developing countries (Indonesia, Malaysia and Mexico) that meet the data requirements for analysis of the intergenerational transmission of poverty.Demographic change, Consumption structure, Consumption of the elderly
The Intergeneratinal Transmission of Poverty in Industrialized Countries
This paper reviews research about the intergenerational transmission of poverty in industrialized countries. In order to make our survey manageable, we restrict attention to studies that consider the relationship between parental poverty (or 'income') during childhood and later-life outcomes; we do not explicitly consider the impact of other family background variables such as parental education. The general message is that growing up poor has a deleterious impact on later-life chances, and that this impact is not wholly explained by other factors that are themselves correlated with childhood poverty. At the same time, the studies also show that one should be cautious about drawing more specific conclusions. For example, the degree of intergenerational persistence appears to vary depending on the definition of the outcome variable, and different estimation methods provide a range of estimates. In addition, most of re-search about intergenerational links has been undertaken using US data, and it is not clear that any specific conclusions should carry over to another country with very different social norms and institutions including e.g. differences in labour market regulation, and in systems of edu-cation and social security benefits. However we conclude that, broadly speaking, the analyti-cal framework that has been used for high-income countries can also be applied to low-income countries.Poverty, intergenerational transmission, mobility, family background, income, industrialized countries
Large-N_c Quark Distributions in the Delta and Chiral Logarithms in Quark Distributions of the Nucleon
In a world with two quark flavors and a large number of colors (N_c), the
polarized and unpolarized quark distributions in the delta are completely
determined by those in the nucleon up to {\cal O}(1/N_c). In particular, we
find q_{\Delta}(x) =[(1\pm 2T_z)u_N(x)+ (1\mp 2T_z)d_N(x)]/2 and \Delta
q_\Delta(x) =[(5\pm 2T_z)\Delta u_N(x) + (5\mp 2T_z)\Delta d_N(x)]/10, where q
= u, d and the charge state of a delta. The result can be used to
estimate the leading chiral-logarithmic corrections to the quark distributions
in the nucleon.Comment: 8 pages, revtex4, 1 figure include
Chiral aspects of hadron structure
Chiral loop corrections for hadronic properties are considered in a
constituent quark model. It is emphasized that the correct implementation of
such corrections requires a sum over intermediate hadronic states. The leading
non-analytic corrections are very important for baryon magnetic moments and
explain the failure of the sum rule
predicted by the
constituent quark model.Comment: 10 pages, latex, 2 ps figures, to appear in Phys. Lett.
The Effect of Lone Motherhood on the Smoking Behaviour of Young Adults
We provide evidence that living with an unmarried mother during childhood raises smoking propensities for young adults in Germany.smoking, lone parent, childhood family structure, divorce, unobserved heterogeneity
The Effect of Lone Motherhood on the Smoking Behaviour of Young Adults
We provide evidence that living with an unmarried mother during childhood raises smoking propensities for young adults in Germany.smoking, lone parent, childhood family structure, divorce, unobserved heterogeneity
Chiral Corrections to Baryon Masses Calculated within Lattice QCD
Consideration of the analytic properties of pion-induced baryon self energies
leads to new functional forms for the extrapolation of light baryon masses.
These functional forms reproduce the leading non-analytic behavior of chiral
perturbation theory, the correct non-analytic behavior at the threshold
and the appropriate heavy-quark limit. They involve only three unknown
parameters, which may be obtained by fitting lattice QCD data. Recent dynamical
fermion results from CP-PACS and UKQCD are extrapolated using these new
functional forms. We also use these functions to probe the limit of
applicability of chiral perturbation theory.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures, Contribution to the Proceedings of the 15th
Particles and Nuclei International Conference (PANIC 99), Uppsala, Sweden,
June 10-16, 199
Chiral corrections in hadron spectroscopy
We show that the implementation of chiral symmetry in recent studies of the
hadron spectrum in the context of the constituent quark model is inconsistent
with chiral perturbation theory. In particular, we show that the leading
nonanalytic (LNA) contributions to the hadron masses are incorrect in such
approaches. The failure to implement the correct chiral behaviour of QCD
results in incorrect systematics for the corrections to the masses.Comment: 7 pages, latex, 1 eps figure, version to appear in Phys. Lett.
Lidar measurements of thermal structure
Rayleigh backscatter observations at 532 nm and 355 nm of relative atmospheric density above Aberystwyth on a total of 93 nights between Dec. 1982 and Feb. 1985 were used to derive the height variation of temperature in the upper stratosphere and mesosphere. Preliminary results for height up to about 25 km were also obtained from observations of Raman backscattering from nitrogen molecules. Comparisons were carried out for stratospheric heights with satellite borne measurements; good agreement was found between equivalent black body temperatures derived from the lidar observations and those obtained from nadir measurements in three channels of the stratosphere sounder units on NOAA satellites; the lidar based atmospheric temperatures have shown general agreement with but a greater degree of structure than the limb sounding measurements obtained using the SAMS experiment on the NOAA-7 satellite. In summer, stratospheric and mesospheric temperatures showed a smooth height variation similar to that of the CIRA model atmosphere. In contrast, the winter data showed a great variability with height, and marked temperature changes both from night to night and within a given night
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