sj-docx-1-wmr-10.1177_0734242X241237197 – Supplemental material for Recycling potential of carbon fibres in the construction industry: From a technical and ecological perspective

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-wmr-10.1177_0734242X241237197 for Recycling potential of carbon fibres in the construction industry: From a technical and ecological perspective by Berfin Bayram, Vanessa Overhage, Marco Löwen, Katharina Terörde, Karoline Raulf, Kathrin Greiff and Thomas Gries in Waste Management & Research</p

MSC growth on TCP and in 3D-PVDF non-wovens.

<p>SEM pictures showing MSC morphology on TCP and in PVDF non-wovens: MSCs span over non-woven pores forming large confluent cell layers. Photos at higher magnifications show that cells align along the fibres and accumulate at fibre intersections. Some individual cells are exemplarily depicted by red dotted lines and PVDF fibres are marked with F.</p

Fibre Characteristics.

<p>*Mean single fibre fineness [µm] was calculated for the different fibre profiles by deviation of the ideally round fibre profile.</p

Manufacturing steps of three-dimensional PVDF non-wovens.

<p>Round shaped (f24 0.4 L/D 2, left), trilobal (Y24 250×552 L/D 2, middle), and snowflake (f24 L/D 2, right) spinnerets (A). Schematic overview of the fabrication process of non-wovens made of PVDF fibres (B). SEM pictures of round (left), trilobal (middle) and snowflake (right) non-wovens cross-sections (C). Fibre texturizing of fibres knitted with 10 (left), 16 (middle), or 28 (right) needles/inch (D). Round scaffolds are punched out of the non-woven fabrics (E).</p

Proliferation rates of MSCs in 3D-PVDF non-wovens.

<p>Effect of fibre shape on cell growth was assessed with the Alamar Blue assay 1, 5, 10, and 15 days after seeding. Cells in non-wovens with round or trilobal fibres displayed higher proliferations rates at day 10 and 15. Diagram bars represent the mean value of non-wowens with 10, 16 and 28 needles/inch texturizing (<b>A</b>). Effect of different texturizing on cell growth: cells in non-wovens with 10 needles/inch texturizing resulted in the highest proliferation rates at day 5, 10 and 15. Diagram bars represent the mean value of non-wowens with round, trilobal or snowflake fibre shape (<b>B</b>; n = 3; *p<0.05; **p<0.005; ***p<0.0005).</p

Characterisation of non-wovens properties.

<p>Characterisation of non-wovens properties.</p

Adipogenic differentiation of MSCs in 3D-PVDF non-wovens.

<p>Fluorescence microscopy pictures of MSCs in PVDF non-wovens stained for lipid droplets with BODIPY (green) and nuclei with DAPI (blue) staining (<b>A</b>). Adipogenic differentiation was also validated on gene expression level for the adipogenic markers <i>FABP4</i>, <i>ADIPOQ</i> and <i>PPARγ</i>. Gene expression changes are demonstrated in relation to non-differentiated MSCs cultured on the corresponding substrate, indicated by the dotted line (<b>B</b>; * P<0.05; # P<0.01; § P<0.001; scale bars  = 100 µm).</p

Local Modification of the Microstructure and Electrical Properties of Multifunctional Au–YSZ Nanocomposite Thin Films by Laser Interference Patterning

Nanocomposite films consisting of gold nanoparticles embedded in an yttria-stabilized zirconia matrix (Au–YSZ) have been synthesized with different gold loadings by reactive magnetron sputtering followed by ex situ annealing in air or laser interference patterning (LIP) treatment. It is shown that the electrical conductivity of the nanocomposite films can be modified to a large extent by changing the gold loading, by thermal annealing, or by LIP. The structural and microstructural analyses evidenced the segregation of metallic gold in crystalline form for all synthesis conditions and treatments applied. Thermal annealing above 400 °C is observed to trigger the growth of pre-existing nanoparticles in the volume of the films. Moreover, pronounced segregation of gold to the film surface is observed for Au/(Au + Zr + Y) ratios above 0.40, which may prevent the use of thermal annealing to functionalize gold-rich Au–YSZ coatings. In contrast, significant modifications of the microstructure were detected within the interference spot (spot size close to 2 × 2 mm) of LIP treatments only for the regions corresponding to constructive interference. As a consequence, besides its already demonstrated ability to modify the friction behavior of Au–YSZ films, the LIP treatment enables local tailoring of their electrical resistivity. The combination of these characteristics can be of great interest for sliding electrical contacts

DataSheet1_Biohybrid elastin-like venous valve with potential for in situ tissue engineering.pdf

Chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) is a leading vascular disease whose clinical manifestations include varicose veins, edemas, venous ulcers, and venous hypertension, among others. Therapies targeting this medical issue are scarce, and so far, no single venous valve prosthesis is clinically available. Herein, we have designed a bi-leaflet transcatheter venous valve that consists of (i) elastin-like recombinamers, (ii) a textile mesh reinforcement, and (iii) a bioabsorbable magnesium stent structure. Mechanical characterization of the resulting biohybrid elastin-like venous valves (EVV) showed an anisotropic behavior equivalent to the native bovine saphenous vein valves and mechanical strength suitable for vascular implantation. The EVV also featured minimal hemolysis and platelet adhesion, besides actively supporting endothelialization in vitro, thus setting the basis for its application as an in situ tissue engineering implant. In addition, the hydrodynamic testing in a pulsatile bioreactor demonstrated excellent hemodynamic valve performance, with minimal regurgitation (<10%) and pressure drop (<5 mmHg). No stagnation points were detected and an in vitro simulated transcatheter delivery showed the ability of the venous valve to withstand the implantation procedure. These results present a promising concept of a biohybrid transcatheter venous valve as an off-the-shelf implant, with great potential to provide clinical solutions for CVI treatment.</p