Bioeconomic Model of Community Incentives for Wildlife Management Before and After CAMPFIRE

This paper formulates a bioeconomic model to analyze community incentives for wildlife management under benefit-sharing programs like the Communal Areas Management Programme for Indigenous Resources (CAMPFIRE) in Zimbabwe. Two agents influence the wildlife stock: a parks agency determines hunting quotas, and a local community chooses to either aid or discourage outside poachers. Wildlife generates revenues from hunting licenses and tourism; it also intrudes on local agriculture. We consider two benefit-sharing regimes: shares of wildlife tourism rents and shares of hunting licenses. Resource sharing does not necessarily improve community welfare or incentives for wildlife conservation. Results depend on the exact design of the benefit shares, the size of the benefits compared with agricultural losses, and the way in which the parks agency sets hunting licenses.bioeconomic, CAMPFIRE, community, poaching, wildlife, benefit sharing

Single Element Fiber Forms

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A Pedagogy of Consilience and Renewal

This essay calls for a pedagogy of consilience and renewal as a dynamic fusion of research and practices in order to provide a more coherent way of examining some of the keen, interlaced variables that trouble the academy and society. The project challenges scholars to study five key scholarship of learning variables that should help transform the way we look at pedagogy for the betterment of North American society and beyond. The variables—a quintile—are knowledge, geography, critical thinking, civic engagement, and empathy

Characteristics of Internalizing Social-Emotional Behaviors of Southwestern Native American Children

The knowledge base targeting internalizing symptomatology in Native American children is surprisingly limited. As yet, it is not clear if the process and symptoms of internalizing disorders are the same across cultures. The need for further investigation is heightened by the fact that, compared to the majority population, Native Americans are believed to be at greater risk for psychological problems because of impoverished conditions, high unemployment, and high numbers of traumatic events on the reservations. Additionally, the losses of traditional culture and language are considered risk factors for greater psychopathology. The negative ramifications of internalizing disorders (e.g., depression and anxiety) include academic failure, lowered social skills and self-esteem, and greater risk for substance abuse and suicide. Furthermore, evidence suggests that all children with mental disorders are at high risk for severe psychopathology when left unidentified or untreated. It seems clear that additional research is needed to better understand internalizing symptoms among members of this cultural group. To help meet this need, the present study focused on internalizing disorders among Native American children from the southwest, utilizing a portion of extant data from the Flower of Two Soils Project. This project was one of very few methodologically sound studies that have been successful in obtaining multisource. multimethod data on social, emotional, and behavioral functioning of Native American children. Data were collected using a modified version of the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), Youth Self-Report (YSR), and Teacher\u27s Report Form (TRF) assessment instruments for parents, teachers, and children. Findings with respect to elementary school-aged children found relatively high rates of depression, anxiety, somatization symptoms and, potentially, disorders. These findings are a cause for concern among parents, teachers, and all agencies responsible for children\u27s mental health. Across all three informant groups a consistent pattern of negative correlations was observed between internalizing symptoms and child competencies. This finding is consistent with previous findings for the general population. However,. competitiveness and academic achievement were positively correlated with internalizing symptoms, perhaps indicating that an emphasis on competitiveness and individual achievement is stressful for children from a collectivistic Native American culture. This was a descriptive study providing broad exploratory information, but there remains a need for more focused research identifying multivariate relationships among relevant variables. These findings should be cautiously interpreted and with due consideration for the specific cultural and historical context of children and families. Recommendations are included for research and practice

Tracking performance with two breathing oxygen concentrations after high altitude rapid decompression

Current military aircraft Liquid Oxygen (LOX) systems supply 99.5 pct. gaseous Aviator's Breathing Oxygen (ABO) to aircrew. Newer Molecular Sieve Oxygen Generation Systems (MSOGS) supply breathing gas concentration of 93 to 95 pct. O2. The margin is compared of hypoxia protection afforded by ABO and MSOGS breathing gas after a 5 psi differential rapid decompression (RD) in a hypobaric research chamber. The barometric pressures equivalent to the altitudes of 46000, 52000, 56000, and 60000 ft were achieved from respective base altitudes in 1 to 1.5 s decompressions. During each exposure, subjects remained at the simulated peak altitude breathing either 100 or 94 pct. O2 with positive pressure for 60 s, followed by a rapid descent to 40000 ft. Subjects used the Tactical Life Support System (TLSS) for high altitude protection. Subcritical tracking task performance on the Performance Evaluation Device (PED) provided psychomotor test measures. Overall tracking task performance results showed no differences between the MSOGS breathing O2 concentration of 94 pct. and ABO. Significance RMS error differences were found between the ground level and base altitude trials compared to peak altitude trials. The high positive breathing pressures occurring at the peak altitudes explained the differences

Dietary protein in older adults: adequate daily intake but potential for improved distribution

Daily distribution of dietary protein may be important in protecting against sarcopenia, specifically in terms of per meal amounts relative to a proposed threshold for maximal response. The aims of this study were to determine total and per meal protein intake in older adults, as well as identifying associations with physical activity and sedentary behavior. Three-day food diaries recorded protein intake in 38 participants. Protein distribution, coefficient of variation (CV), and per meal amounts were calculated. Accelerometry was used to collect physical activity data as well as volume and patterns of sedentary time. Average intake was 1.14 g·kg−1·day−1. Distribution was uneven (CV = 0.67), and 79% of participants reported <0.4 g·kg−1 protein content in at least 2/3 daily meals. Protein intake was significantly correlated with step count (r = 0.439, p = 0.007) and negatively correlated with sedentary time (r = −0.456, p = 0.005) and Gini index G, which describes the pattern of accumulation of sedentary time (r = −0.421, p = 0.011). Total daily protein intake was sufficient; however, distribution did not align with the current literature; increasing protein intake may help to facilitate optimization of distribution. Associations between protein and other risk factors for sarcopenia may also inform protective strategies