101 research outputs found
Produktorienteret miljøindsats i landbrugssektoren - forudsætninger
For at styrke den produktorienterede miljøindsats i landbruget nedsatte Miljøstyrelsen primo 2003 et produktkædepanel for landbrugsområdet. Panelets primære mål er at fremme udvikling og afsætning af landbrugsprodukter, der set i et livscyklusperspektiv ("fra jord til jord") er mindre miljøbelastende end tilsvarende traditionelle produkter.
Som fundament for panelets arbejde er udarbejdet denne rapport, som beskriver de eksisterende forudsætninger for en produktorienteret indsats i sektoren - i form af en kortlægning af relevante projekter/tiltag. Denne rapport har dannet udgangspunkt for udarbejdelsen af et såkaldt fremsyn på området, som er publiceret særskilt. Fremsynet og information om panelets arbejde i øvrigt kan fås på www.produktpanel-landbrug.dk.
En produktorienteret indsats vil altid være et supplement til de eksisterende overordnede reguleringer af samfundets adfærd, forbrug og udledninger. Vi vil stadig i fremtiden opleve berettiget miljøarbejde, der tager udgangspunkt i en konkret produktion eller proces eller i ønsket om at reducere en arealbelastning.
Med produktorientering følger en anderledes og mere nuanceret opfattelse af, hvad der er "godt og dårligt" for miljøet, hvilke områder, der skal prioriteres i fødevaresektorens miljøindsats, og hvad miljøarbejdet kan omfatte i alle led i fødevarernes produktkæde.
Et produktorienteret miljøarbejde stiller krav til og udfordrer alle aktører i produktkæderne. Der skal ikke alene udveksles og håndteres oplysninger om produktets miljøpåvirkning bagud og fremad i produktkæden, men der skal også ageres på baggrund af de erkendelser, denne udveksling af oplysninger giver anledning til.
Helhedsorienteringen skaber også muligheder for at synliggøre og dokumentere valg undervejs i produktkæden. Produktorientering giver dermed en enestående mulighed for aktører/virksomheder for at dokumentere adfærd og valg overfor aftagere (herunder forbrugeren).
Også for landbrugs- og gartnerierhvervet er produktorienteringen en udfordring.
En kvalificeret diskussion af muligheder og perspektiver i produktorienteringen i landbrugserhvervet er derfor langt fra kun et spørgsmål om værktøjer, opgørelsesmetoder og mulighederne for afsætning af miljødokumenterede varer. Produktorienteringen er i langt højere grad den ramme, hvori f.eks. nedenstående spørgsmål kan diskuteres:
Hvilke langsigtede scenarier for landbrugserhvervet er tænkelige?
Hvilke strategier kan anlægges for erhvervsudvikling, forskning, kompetenceudvikling etc. for bedst muligt at sigte på de mest attraktive scenarier?
Hvordan bringes aktørerne i spil, og hvordan skal ansvar fordeles?
De hidtidige erfaringer med produktorientering viser, at en væsentlig forudsætning for succes er åbenhed og kommunikation i produktkæderne
Group Space Allowance Has Little Effect on Sow Health, Productivity, or Welfare in a Free-Access Stall System
Free-access stalls allow sows to choose the protection of a stall or use of a shared group space. This study investigated the effect of group space width, 0.91 (SS), 2.13 (IS), and 3.05 (LS) m, on the health, production, behavior, and welfare of gestating sows. Nine replications of 21 (N = 189) gestating sows were used. At gestational d 35.4 ± 2.3, the pregnant sows were distributed into 3 pens of 7 sows, where they remained until 104.6 ± 3.5 d. Each treatment pen had 7 free-access stalls and a group space that together provided 1.93 (SS), 2.68 (IS), or 3.24 (LS) m2/sow. Baseline measurements were obtained before mixing. Back fat depth, BW, BCS, and lameness were measured monthly, and skin lesions were scored weekly. Blood was collected monthly for hematological, immunological, and cortisol analyses. Sow behavior was video recorded continuously during the initial 4 d of treatment and 24 h every other week thereafter. Behavior was analyzed for location, posture, pen investigation, social contact, and aggression. Skin response to the mitogen concanavalin A (Con A) was tested at mean gestational d 106. Litter characteristics including size and weight were collected at birth and weaning. The data were analyzed using a mixed model. Multiple comparisons were adjusted with the Tukey-Kramer and Bejamini-Hochberg methods. Group space allowance had no effect on any measure of sow health, physiology, or production (P ≥ 0.10). Sows in the SS, IS, and LS pens spent 77.88% ± 3.88%, 66.02% ± 3.87%, and 63.64% ± 3.91%, respectively, of their time in the free-access stalls (P = 0.12). However, SS sows used the group space less than IS and LS sows (P = 0.01). Overall, pen investigatory behavior was not affected by group space allowance (P = 0.91). Sows in the LS pens spent more time in a social group than SS sows (P = 0.02), whereas sows in IS pens were intermediate to, but not different from, the other treatments (P ≥ 0.10). The size of the social groups was also affected by the group space allowance (P = 0.03), with SS sows forming smaller groups than LS sows; again, IS sows were intermediate to, but not different from, the other treatments. Although the group space allowance had no measurable impact on the health, physiology, or productivity of the sows, the lower group space use and social contact of the SS sows reduced the behavioral diversity benefits of group housing and may indicate an avoidance of social stressors or a lack of physical comfort in the smallest pens
Functional annotation of human long noncoding RNAs via molecular phenotyping
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) constitute the majority of transcripts in the mammalian genomes, and yet, their functions remain largely unknown. As part of the FANTOM6 project, we systematically knocked down the expression of 285 lncRNAs in human dermal fibroblasts and quantified cellular growth, morphological changes, and transcriptomic responses using Capped Analysis of Gene Expression (CAGE). Antisense oligonucleotides targeting the same lncRNAs exhibited global concordance, and the molecular phenotype, measured by CAGE, recapitulated the observed cellular phenotypes while providing additional insights on the affected genes and pathways. Here, we disseminate the largest-todate lncRNA knockdown data set with molecular phenotyping (over 1000 CAGE deep-sequencing libraries) for further exploration and highlight functional roles for ZNF213-AS1 and lnc-KHDC3L-2.Peer reviewe
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