The Gender Bias Burden on Business: Women’s Access to Credit in Bahrain [poster]

Entrepreneurship is essential to virtually every economy; however, Bahraini women face many challenges accessing business development. In particular, a major constraint for these women is their access to capital support. In 2020, the government signed a law prohibiting gender-based discrimination in access to credit to help the issue; nonetheless, its effectiveness has yet to be systematically examined. Using data from several sources, I test whether the law significantly affected the gender gap in borrowing for business purposes while controlling for other variables. Importantly, I find that women’s labor force participation is a significant factor in reducing the borrowing gap between men and women and that the gender-based discrimination law is only relevant for states with low labor force participation. These results are robust across multiple regression models. Hence, a culture supporting women’s economic involvement is the foundation for their credit access, and work-based legislation should focus on women’s workforce participation

The Gender Bias Burden on Business: Women’s Access to Credit in Bahrain

Entrepreneurship is essential to virtually every economy; however, Bahraini women face many challenges accessing business development. In particular, a major constraint for these women is their access to capital support. In 2020, the government signed a law prohibiting gender-based discrimination in access to credit to help the issue; nonetheless, its effectiveness has yet to be systematically examined. Using data from several sources, I test whether the law significantly affected the gender gap in borrowing for business purposes while controlling for other variables. Importantly, I find that women’s labor force participation is a significant factor in reducing the borrowing gap between men and women, and removing traveling restrictions on women positively affects their labor force participation. These results are robust across multiple regression models. Hence, a culture supporting women’s economic involvement is the foundation for their credit access

The Gender Bias Burden on Business: Women\u27s Access to Credit in Bahrain

Entrepreneurship is essential to virtually every economy; however, Bahraini women face many challenges accessing business development. In particular, a major constraint for these women is their access to capital support. In 2020, the government signed a law prohibiting gender-based discrimination in access to credit to help the issue; nonetheless, its effectiveness has yet to be systematically examined. Using data from several sources, I test whether the law significantly affected the gender gap in borrowing for business purposes while controlling for other variables. Importantly, I find that women’s labor force participation is a significant factor in reducing the borrowing gap between men and women, and removing traveling restrictions on women positively affects their labor force participation. These results are robust across multiple regression models. Hence, a culture supporting women’s economic involvement is the foundation for their credit access

Poverty Reduction by Getting Female Farmers Access to Cash and Credit

Women represent the majority of agricultural labor in low-income countries, even though they have lower access to productive resources in agriculture. A major problem is the shortfall of independent income, control over finances, and lack of credit. Hence this paper examines whether women’s access to cash and credit can reduce poverty headcount. Moreover, advantageous outcomes such as an increase in yield, improvement in child health, and increase in sustainability may be achieved by allowing women farmers more access to finances. This research entails a comparative analysis between Kenya and Uganda, where I examine poverty headcount in comparison to financial policies, food security, and gender equality. Furthermore, implementing policies that assist with the prosperity of female farmers is predicated on fundamentally understanding current trends and policies that deny women equal access to agricultural resources. Therefore, this paper prioritizes interpreting those caveats from a feminist-focused standpoint; while simultaneously considering the smaller factors that may impact such prosperity outside of gender-based policy. The paper concludes that there is a casual relationship between poverty and female farmer’s access to cash and credit based on strong support from Kenya’s change in wage and salaried female workers

Weitere Anmerkungen zur Debatte um Target2 während der Finanzkrise

Zahlungsbilanz, Zahlungsbilanzungleichgewicht, Schulden, Leistungsbilanz, Wettbewerb, Europäische Wirtschafts- und Währungsunion

Decavanadate interactions with actin: inhibition of G-actin polymerization and stabilization of decameric vanadate

Decameric vanadate species (V10) inhibit the rate and the extent of G-actin polymerization with an IC50 of 68 ± 22 lM and 17 ± 2 lM, respectively, whilst they induce F-actin depolymerization at a lower extent. On contrary, no effect on actin polymerization and depolymerization was detected for 2 mM concentration of ‘‘metavanadate’’ solution that contains ortho and metavanadate species, as observed by combining kinetic with 51V NMR spectroscopy studies. Although at 25 C, decameric vanadate (10 lM) is unstable in the assay medium, and decomposes following a first-order kinetic, in the presence of G-actin (up to 8 lM), the half-life increases 5-fold (from 5 to 27 h). However, the addition of ATP (0.2 mM) in the medium not only prevents the inhibition of G-actin polymerization by V10 but it also decreases the half-life of decomposition of decameric vanadate species from 27 to 10 h. Decameric vanadate is also stabilized by the sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles, which raise the half-life time from 5 to 18 h whereas no effects were observed in the presence of phosphatidylcholine liposomes, myosin or G-actin alone. It is proposed that the ‘‘decavanadate’’ interaction with G-actin, favored by the G-actin polymerization, stabilizes decameric vanadate species and induces inhibition of G-actin polymerization. Decameric vanadate stabilization by cytoskeletal and transmembrane proteins can account, at least in part, for decavanadate toxicity reported in the evaluation of vanadium (V) effects in biological systems

I Love All Graceful Things

https://digitalcommons.pvamu.edu/voice-soprano/1004/thumbnail.jp

Climate Change Scepticism - A qualitative study of Clexit and their arguments against the Paris Agreement and the European Union

Climate change scepticism is a concept that refers to people or groups that mistrust, reject or question the mainstream view of the climate change threat. The purpose of this thesis is therefore to illuminate climate change scepticism by doing a qualitative analysis of the arguments by an organisation called Clexit. The study finds out that arguments most frequently used by Clexit are motivated by emotions and relate to a worry of economic downfall and supranational governments. Clexit want countries to leave the UN Paris Agreement and they are especially focused on the EU. The EU is, according to them, a growing supranational government that focuses on setting goals to hinder climate change to get their own agendas through. Although answers as to why climate change scepticism exists cannot be given, in this type of study, assumptions about organisations like Clexit and how the arguments by Clexit could be understood and classified, from previous theories and research, can be made. These assumptions conclude that culture and economy has great influence on people’s opinions and that the arguments are based on existing debates and issues that concern a great deal of people

Barriers to care for children diagnosed with malaria at José Macamo Hospital in Maputo, Mozambique

Degree Project Thesis, Programme in Medicine. TITLE: Barriers to care for children diagnosed with malaria at José Macamo Hospital in Maputo, Mozambique. Abstract Background: Malaria is a life threatening but treatable disease, affecting millions of people annually. In Mozambique, malaria is a major cause of morbidity and mortality, foremost among children. People suffering from malaria should have access to diagnosis and treatment within 24 hours from onset of symptoms according to a target set by the Roll Back Malaria Partnership. Yet, people in low-income countries often encounter barriers to care, hindering them from prompt treatment. Objective: Determine socio-cultural, economical, geographical and health care related factors that have impeded access to malaria care for children diagnosed with malaria at a public hospital in Maputo and evaluate the general knowledge about malaria among caregivers of the children diagnosed with malaria. Methods: Semi-structured, questionnaire based interviews with questions covering possible barriers to malaria care and knowledge of malaria were held with caregivers to children under the age of 15 diagnosed with malaria. Results: 28 caregivers were interviewed. The majority of caregivers sought care with their ill child after 24 hours from onset of symptoms. We could not show that having received information about malaria prior to hospital visit, ability to associate correct symptoms to malaria, suspicions of malaria or previous episodes of malaria resulted in prompt care seeking. Main reason for waiting was thinking the disease would pass by itself. Most commonly experienced and perceived barriers to care were health care related factors. Few caregivers had been given information about malaria prior to coming to hospital or in connection with the hospital visit, and there is a lack of knowledge about malaria symptoms. Conclusion: Incorrect perceptions of malaria, its symptoms and its potential risks seem to cause delay in seeking prompt diagnosis and treatment. More information about malaria symptoms, and foremost information about the importance of seeking prompt care, even with a child with vague or mild symptoms, needs to be provided. Keywords: Malaria, treatment seeking behaviour, accessibility, knowledge, children, Mozambique, attitud