EFFECTS OF RICE HUSK ASH AND POTASSIUM FERTILIZER APPLICATION ON YIELD AND YIELD COMPONENTS OF RICE (Oryza sativa L.)

The pot and Field experiments were conducted at Department of Soil and Water Science (YAU Farm), Yezin Agricultural University to evaluate the effect of rice husk ash (RHA) and potassium fertilizer application on yield and yield components of sin thu kha rice variety. The pot and field experiments were carried out in the dry season (December to May) 2022-23 and wet season (June to November) 2023. The experiment using T1 - control , T2 - (92 kg K ha-1), T3 - potassium (46 kg K ha-1)+ rice husk ash (5 t ha-1), T4 - potassium (46 kg K ha-1) + rice husk ash (10 t ha-1), T5 - rice husk ash (5 t ha-1), T6 - rice husk ash (10 t ha-1). The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replications. The both experiments result observed that highest grain yield was observed combined use in T4 - potassium (46 kg K ha-1) + rice husk ash (10 t ha-1),due to production of higher number of tillers hill-1, number of spikelets panicle-1, filled grain %, number of panicles hill-1. The minimum plant growth parameters and yield components were found from the treatments T1 (control). Therefore, the result found that highlighted that potassium fertilizer with rice husk ash should be applied at the rate of 46 kg K ha-1 for sin thu kha rice variety

National scale-up of tuberculosis-human immunodeficiency virus collaborative activities in Myanmar from 2005 to 2016 and tuberculosis treatment outcomes for patients with human immunodeficiency virus-positive tuberculosis in the Mandalay Region in 2015.

Background: HIV-associated TB is a serious public health problem in Myanmar. Study objectives were to describe national scale-up of collaborative activities to reduce the double burden of TB and HIV from 2005 to 2016 and to describe TB treatment outcomes of individuals registered with HIV-associated TB in 2015 in the Mandalay Region. Methods: Secondary analysis of national aggregate data and, for treatment outcomes, a cohort study of patients with HIV-associated TB in the Mandalay Region. Results: The number of townships implementing collaborative activities increased from 7 to 330 by 2016. The number of registered TB patients increased from 1577 to 139 625 in 2016, with the number of individuals tested for HIV increasing from 432 to 114 180 (82%) in 2016: 10 971 (10%) were diagnosed as HIV positive. Uptake of co-trimoxazole preventive therapy (CPT) and antiretroviral therapy (ART) nationally in 2016 was 77% and 52%, respectively. In the Mandalay Region, treatment success was 77% and mortality was 18% in 815 HIV-associated TB patients. Risk factors for unfavourable outcomes and death were older age (≥45 years) and not taking CPT and/or ART. Conclusion: Myanmar is making good progress with reducing the HIV burden in TB patients, but better implementation is needed to reach 100% HIV testing and 100% CPT and ART uptake in TB-HIV co-infected patients

Mental Health of University Students in Northern Malaysia

Context/Background: Today, poor mental health is one of the most neglected diseases although it is one of the leading causes of disabilities in both developed and developing countries. This mental health issue becomes a problem among university students too. This study was aimed to determine the prevalence and associated factors of depression, anxiety, and stress (DAS) among university students. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was carried out in a private university of northern Malaysia during 2020. A random sample of 161 students were included and DASS-21 was used to determine the prevalence of DAS. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the associated factors. Results: The prevalence of DAS among students were 34.8%, 42.2%, and 33.5%, respectively. In contrast to years 2 and 4, the prevalence of all types of mental disorders were lower in years 1 and 3. The students’ living area, residence, academic year, and parental income were significantly associated with anxiety whereas the age group of the students and parent’s income did so for depression. The variables; age group, academic year and parent’s income were identified as significant determinants for the presence of stress among students. Conclusions: The significant extent of the mental health problems was detected among university students in Malaysia. Despite the small sample, this analysis indicates that opportunities exist to improve campus-based mental health education and psychological support among university students

Depression and its associated factors among people with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in Myanmar.

BACKGROUND: Depression is an important potential comorbidity in persons with tuberculosis (TB), yet data in many settings are scarce. OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence and risk factors of depression in persons with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) in Myanmar. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey among MDR-TB participants at Aung San MDR-TB treatment centre in Yangon during routine clinic follow-up visits. Patients Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) in the local language was used to screen for depression and structured questionnaires conducted. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression models were performed to identify associations. RESULTS: Three-hundred and twenty-nine participants were enrolled between 19th December 2019 and 31st January 2020; 33% (111/329) in the intensive treatment phase. The prevalence of depressive symptoms (PHQ-9 ≥ 10) was (34/329) 10.33%. Multivariable analysis indicated financial hardship as a result of MDR-TB symptoms/treatment (aOR = 2.63, 95%CI: 1.12-6.67), suffering ≥1 respiratory symptoms (aOR = 6.72, 95%CI: 2.41-18.76), high education level (aOR = 4.26, 95%CI: 1.70-10.70), reported diabetes (aOR = 3.05, 95%CI: 1.16-7.99) as associated with depressive symptoms, with weak evidence of an association in females (aOR = 2.09, 95%CI: 0.94-4.65). CONCLUSION: Depressive symptoms are more common in those with comorbidities/TB symptoms. Further research is required to determine the effects of interventions to support persons with depressive symptoms identified using simple, standardised validated tools like PHQ-9

Isolation of Active Organic Compounds from Phyllanthus Aibizzoides (Kurz Hook.f.) (Shit-Shar) and Phyllanthus Maderaspatensis L. (Taw-Zee-Phyu)

This research deals with the investigation of active organic compounds from the whole plant of Taw-zee-phyu, TZP (Phyllanthus maderaspatensis L.) and barks of Shit-shar, SS (Phyllanthus albizzioides (Kurz) Hook.f.). One compound, quercetin-3-O-β-D- glucopyranosyl (1-4) α-rhamnopyranoside from EtOAc extract of TZP and two compounds : lupeol and (E)-pentyl 3-3,4dihydroxyphenyl acrylate from pet-ether extract of SS bark were isolated by solvent extraction followed by column and thin layer chromatographic separation methods. The structures of isolated compounds were elucidated and identified by modern spectroscopic techniques such as UV, FT IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, 2DNMR such as 1H-1H COSY, NOESY, HSQC and HMBC, and ESI- MS.All of these isolated compounds showed the antioxidant activity in the order of : quercetin-3-O-β-D- glucopyranosyl (1-4) α- rhamnopyranoside (IC50= 2.50 μg/mL) > lupeol (IC50 = 4.97 μg/mL) > (E)-pentyl 3-3,4dihydroxyphenyl acrylate (IC50 = 7.78 μg/mL), determined by DPPH radical scavenging assay

Effect of Dietary Cyanidin-3- Glucoside on Fat Accumulation and Expression of Glycerol 3 Phosphate Acyltransferase 1 in Mice Fed a High Fat Diet and Control Diet

Cyanidin-3 glucoside (C3G) is the most common anthocyanin and abundant in purple corn. Inhibitory effects on cancer, insulin resistance and obesity of C3G have been emphasized for a decade.</p

Programmatic definitions.

<p>Programmatic definitions.</p

Characteristics and factors associated with loss to follow up among HIV-infected mothers enrolled in prevention of mother to child transmission program Mandalay, Myanmar, March 2011- June 2014.

<p>Characteristics and factors associated with loss to follow up among HIV-infected mothers enrolled in prevention of mother to child transmission program Mandalay, Myanmar, March 2011- June 2014.</p