On reduced Arakelov divisors of real quadratic fields

We generalize the concept of reduced Arakelov divisors and define $C$-reduced divisors for a given number $C \geq 1$. These $C$-reduced divisors have remarkable properties which are similar to the properties of reduced ones. In this paper, we describe an algorithm to test whether an Arakelov divisor of a real quadratic field $F$ is $C$-reduced in time polynomial in $\log|\Delta_F|$ with $\Delta_F$ the discriminant of $F$. Moreover, we give an example of a cubic field for which our algorithm does not work.Comment: 18 page

HMông students’ funds of knowledge : a case study of Kinh primary school teachers’ practices

Underachievement and low study engagement by HMông ethnic minority students in disadvantaged primary schools in Việt Nam evidence a need for more effective teaching practices to support these minority students’ learning and reduce inequality within their educational environment. Learning about students’ funds of knowledge (FoK) and incorporation into their learning enables teachers to increase relevant learning experiences, empowering a socio- constructivist approach to teaching and learning (Moll et al., 1990; González et al., 2005) and obviating cultural deficits facing disadvantaged students in school (Rodriguez, 2013). Moll et al. (1992, p. 134) defined FoK as “historically accumulated and culturally-developed bodies of knowledge and skills essential for household or individual functioning and well-being.” This study investigates the potential for using FoK in the education of ethnic minority primary students in Việt Nam. Specifically, the purpose for doing so is to answer the questions as to whether and in what ways Kinh (ethnic majority) primary school teachers use practices related to a FoK approach in serving HMông ethnic minority primary students. The study has produced three key findings. First, Kinh primary teachers identified HMông students’ FoK as an educational resource. Their FoK include their mother tongue, funds of identity, experiences in daily life and cultural artefacts. Second, each group of Kinh teachers interpreted HMông students’ FoK in different ways and introduced various pedagogical practices for the application of FoK in the classroom environment. They included: using the FoK of HMông students as a context during instructional practices; scaffolding their FoK to make better sense of academic knowledge; and employing FoK to enhance teacher-student relationships. Third, there are difficulties and educational potentials for Kinh teachers’ uses of HMông students’ FoK in primary school curricula. However, the difficulties appear to outweigh the advantages that suggest implications for policy and practices improve teachers’ uses of the FoK approach in teaching HMông primary students in Việt Nam. Further research for teaching ethnic minority students toward a FoK approach in Việt Nam are identified

ACTIVITIES SUPPORTING SEX EDUCATION TO ADOLESCENCE IN HANOI NOWADAYS

Activities supporting sex education in schools are basic ones with the purpose of organizing models to contribute to the completion of sex education for students, meeting the requirements of students’ life and society diversity. These activities include: classroom activities, extra-curricular activities, awareness raising activities for students and educational forces, and counseling activities. The article assesses the current situation of sex education in schools nowadays, thereby proposing some feasible solutions

Multi-source in DF cooperative networks with the PSR protocol based full-duplex energy harvesting over a Rayleigh fading channel: performance analysis

Due to the tremendous energy consumption growth with ever-increasing connected devices, alternative wireless information and power transfer techniques are important not only for theoretical research but also for saving operational costs and for a sustainable growth of wireless communications. In this paper, we investigate the multi-source in decode-and-forward cooperative networks with the power splitting protocol based full-duplex energy harvesting relaying network over a Rayleigh fading channel. In this system model, the multi-source and the destination communicate with each other by both the direct link and an intermediate helping relay. First, we investigate source selection for the best system performance. Then, the closed-form expression of the outage probability and the symbol error ratio are derived. Finally, the Monte Carlo simulation is used for validating the analytical expressions in connection with all main possible system parameters. The research results show that the analytical and simulation results matched well with each other.Web of Science68327526

Power beacon-assisted energy harvesting in a half-duplex communication network under co-channel interference over a Rayleigh fading environment: Energy efficiency and outage probability analysis

In this time, energy efficiency (EE), measured in bits per Watt, has been considered as an important emerging metric in energy-constrained wireless communication networks because of their energy shortage. In this paper, we investigate power beacon assisted (PB) energy harvesting (EH) in half-duplex (HD) communication network under co-channel Interferer over Rayleigh fading environment. In this work, we investigate the model system with the time switching (TS) protocol. Firstly, the exact and asymptotic form expressions of the outage probability (OP) are analyzed and derived. Then the system EE is investigated and the influence of the primary system parameters on the system performance. Finally, we verify the correctness of the analytical expressions using Monte Carlo simulation. Finally, we can state that the simulation and analytical results are the same.Web of Science1213art. no. 257

Empirical Study on Public High School System in Vietnam: Post Doi Moi

The system of education in Vietnam is administered by the Ministry of Education and Training (MOET), and it is a broad system of state-run schools for students from about four years of age to high school age. The educational system comprises of five classes: kindergarten, primary, secondary, upper-optional (additionally alluded to as secondary school), and college level, with broadly managed exit and selection tests between each. The principal motivation behind this study is to analyze the connection between pre-secondary school factors, school condition, school structure, collective duty, scholarly optimism with the scholastic performance of the public high school students in Vietnam. SPSS analysis shows that only two variables can be a significant indicator of academic performance, that are school environment (B= -1.369, t=51.356, p<0.01) and pre-high school factor (B=-.384, t= -13.947, p<0.01) while school structure, collective responsibility, and academic optimism have found to be insignificant indicator of academic performance as compared to the other two variables in a multivariate context although, during the bivariate analysis, academic optimism had been found to be significantly related to academic performance. School environment was also found to have higher ‘B’ value compared to pre-high school factor. Hence, this study suggests that among all the independent variables studied, school environment gave the most effective towards the academic performance of students in the public high school of Vietnam