Status of ψ\psi (3686), ψ\psi (4040), ψ\psi (4160), Y (4260), ψ\psi (4415) and X (4630) charmonia like states

We examine the status of charmonia like states by looking into the behaviour of the energy level differences and regularity in the behaviour of the leptonic decay widths of the excited charmonia states. The spectroscopic states are studied using a phenomenological Martin-like confinement potential and their radial wave functions are employed to compute the di-leptonic decay widths. Their deviations from the expected behaviour provide a clue to consider them as admixtures of the nearby S and D states. The present analysis strongly favour \\backslash$psi \$ (3686) as admixture of $c \bar{c}$ (2S) and $c \bar{c}$g (4.1 GeV) hybrid, \\backslash$psi \$ (4040) and \$$\backslash$psi \$ (4160) as admixture states of charmonia (3S, 3D) states with mixing angle \$$\backslash$theta \$ = 11$^\circ$and 45$^\circ$respectively. We identify Y (4260) as a pure$c \bar{c}$(4S) state whose leptonic decay is predicted as 0.65 keV. While X(4630) is closer to the$c \bar{c}$(6S) state. The status of \$$\backslash$psi \$ (4415) is still not clear as it does not fit to be pure or admixture state

Study of salivary α-amylase immunoglobulin, a and flow rate in diabetic subjects: a cross sectional study

Background: Diabetes is possibly the mainly common metabolic syndrome with salivary inference. However, lack of literature on the possible relationship between diabetes and salivary α-amylase, Immunoglobulin-A (IgA) and flow rate. Therefore, present study aims to estimate of salivary α-amylase, immunoglobulin-A and flow rate in diabetic subjects of Indian population.Methods: The present cross sectional study was done on 60 subjects of diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and 60 subjects’ non-diabetic healthy controls at Banas medical college and our hospital. The subject’s demographic and anthropometric parameters were recorded; detailed history and clinical examination were performed in the entire cases. The un-stimulated saliva was collected in the fasting state. Salivary flow rate, biochemical variables and IgA were analyzed. Data which was collected was statistically analyzed.Results: The results showed that salivary glucose (p0.05) between diabetic and non-diabetic subjects.Conclusions: In our study, we conclude that significant differences were reported in salivary flow rate, α-amylase and IgA between diabetics and non diabetics. Therefore, we suggested that estimation of salivary parameters might be a cost effective and a non invasive choice for screening, diagnosis and monitoring of diabetes instead of blood

Study of salivary electrolyte in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients of North Gujarat region of India

Background: A lack of literature on the probable relationship between diabetes and salivary electrolyte. Therefore, present study aims to study of salivary electrolyte in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients of North Gujarat region of India.Methods: The present cross sectional study was done on 60 subjects of diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and 60 subjects’ non-diabetic healthy controls at Banas medical college and our hospital. The subject’s demographic and anthropometric parameters were recorded; detailed history and clinical examination were performed in the entire cases. The saliva was collected in the fasting state during resting state. Salivary pH, flow rate, biochemical variables and electrolytes were analyzed. Data which was collected was statistically analyzed.Results: Predominance of the T2DM subjects was in the age group of 41-45 years. Mean value for age (p<0.05), body mass index (p<0.01), waist- hip ratio (p<0.05), salivary Potassium (p<0.001), glucose (p<0.001), Chloride (p<0.01), bicarbonates (p<0.01) and sodium levels (p<0.001) were significantly higher in the T2DM subjects where as salivary pH (p<0.01), flow rate (p<0.01) and calcium level (p<0.001) were significantly lower in the T2DM subjects.Conclusions: In our study, we conclude that significant variations were reported in salivary pH, flow rate and electrolyte variables between diabetics and non diabetics. Therefore, we suggested that estimation of salivary variables might be a cost effective and a non invasive choice for screening, diagnosis and monitoring of diabetes instead of blood

The androgen receptor and signal-transduction pathways in hormone-refractory prostate cancer. Part 1: modifications to the androgen receptor

Prostate cancer is the second most common male malignancy in the western world an increasing incidence in an ageing population. Treatment of advanced prostate cancer relies on androgen deprivation. Although the majority of patients initially respond favourably to androgen deprivation therapy, the mean time to relapse is 12-18 months. Currently there are few treatments available for men who have developed resistance to hormone therapy, due to the lack of understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying development of this disease. Recently, however, major advances have been made in understanding both androgen receptor (AR) dependent and independent pathways which promote development of hormone resistant prostate cancer. This review will focus on modifications to the AR and associated pathways. Molecular modifications to the androgen receptor itself, e.g. mutations and/or amplification, although involved in the development of hormone resistance cannot explain all cases. Phosphorylation of AR, via either Ras/MAP kinase or PI3K/Akt signal transduction pathways, have been shown to activate AR in both a ligand (androgen) dependent and independent fashion. During this review we will discuss the clinical evidence to support AR dependent pathways as mediators of hormone resistance

PREVALENCE OF ASYMPTOMATIC PERIPHERAL ARTERIAL DISEASE AND ITS ASSSOCIATION WITH AGE AND GENDER IN TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS IN A TERTIARY CARE TEACHING HOSPITAL: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY

Objective: The true prevalence of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) in individuals with diabetes has been difficult to determine because of the lack of symptoms and insensitive diagnosis. We estimated the prevalence of PAD and its association with age and gender in Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) who were asymptomatic for PAD. Methods: Total 150 Type 2 DM patients were screened and examined for PAD using Ankle Brachial Index and Color Doppler. Prevalence of PAD was further studied and statistically analyzed to find its association with age and gender. Results: Prevalence of PAD in our study was 16%. Out of total 150 Type 2 DM patients, 24 patients were diagnosed to have PAD by Color Doppler. The prevalence was 12.0% in the fifth and sixth decade followed by 3.3% in seventh and eighth decade and 0.7% in &lt;40 years age group. Out of total 150 cases, there were 83 males and among them 15 (18.1%) had PAD and out of 67 females, 9 (13.4%) had PAD. After application of Chi-square test to the above observations, there was no statistically significant association of age and gender with PAD in our study population. Conclusion: In the present study, the prevalence of PAD was 16%; 10% and 6% in males and in females, respectively. There was no statistically significant correlation of PAD with age and gender

Antibodies to Enteroviruses in Cerebrospinal Fluid of Patients with Acute Flaccid Myelitis.

Acute flaccid myelitis (AFM) has caused motor paralysis in &gt;560 children in the United States since 2014. The temporal association of enterovirus (EV) outbreaks with increases in AFM cases and reports of fever, respiratory, or gastrointestinal illness prior to AFM in &gt;90% of cases suggest a role for infectious agents. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from 14 AFM and 5 non-AFM patients with central nervous system (CNS) diseases in 2018 were investigated by viral-capture high-throughput sequencing (VirCapSeq-VERT system). These CSF and serum samples, as well as multiple controls, were tested for antibodies to human EVs using peptide microarrays. EV RNA was confirmed in CSF from only 1 adult AFM case and 1 non-AFM case. In contrast, antibodies to EV peptides were present in CSF of 11 of 14 AFM patients (79%), significantly higher than controls, including non-AFM patients (1/5 [20%]), children with Kawasaki disease (0/10), and adults with non-AFM CNS diseases (2/11 [18%]) (P = 0.023, 0.0001, and 0.0028, respectively). Six of 14 CSF samples (43%) and 8 of 11 sera (73%) from AFM patients were immunoreactive to an EV-D68-specific peptide, whereas the three control groups were not immunoreactive in either CSF (0/5, 0/10, and 0/11; P = 0.008, 0.0003, and 0.035, respectively) or sera (0/2, 0/8, and 0/5; P = 0.139, 0.002, and 0.009, respectively).IMPORTANCE The presence in cerebrospinal fluid of antibodies to EV peptides at higher levels than non-AFM controls supports the plausibility of a link between EV infection and AFM that warrants further investigation and has the potential to lead to strategies for diagnosis and prevention of disease