Fermionic Backgrounds and Condensation of Supergravity Fields in IIB Matrix Model

In a previous paper hep-th/0410182 we constructed wave functions and vertex operators for massless supergravity fields in type IIB matrix model by expanding supersymmetric Wilson line operators. In this paper we consider fermionic backgrounds and condensation of supergravity fields in IIB matrix model by using these wave functions. We start from the type IIB matrix model in a flat background whose matrix size is $(N+1) \times (N+1)$, or equivalently the effective action for $(N+1)$ D-instantons. We then calculate an effective action for $N$ D-instantons by integrating out one D-instanton (which we call a mean-field D-instanton) with an appropriate wave function and show that various terms can be induced corresponding to the choice of the wave functions. In particular, a Chern-Simons-like term is induced when the mean-field D-instanton has a wave function of the antisymmetric tensor field. A fuzzy sphere becomes a classical solution to the equation of motion for the effective action. We also give an interpretation of the above wave functions from the string theory side as overlaps of the D-instanton boundary state with closed string massless states in the Green-Schwarz formalism.Comment: 32 pages, Latex; discussion clarified. version to appear in Phys. Rev.

尿道原発と考えられた悪性リンパ腫の1例

82歳女.主訴は排尿困難と残尿感.膀胱底部から尿道周囲にかけて鶏卵大の腫瘤を認め, 生検で非ホジキンリンパ腫と診断された.他臓器に病変を認めなかった為, 尿道原発の悪性リンパ腫と診断し放射線療法を施行した.治療後, 腫瘍は著明に縮小したが肺転移が出現した.エトポシド単剤による化学療法を追加したが, 放射線治療後5ヵ月で腫瘍の急激な増加を認め癌死したA patient with a primary malignant lymphoma surrounding the female urethra is reported. Despite the good response of the primary tumor to radiotherapy, the patient died shortly after diagnosis due to disseminated disease. We reviewed 16 cases of this rare entity reported previously

ラオス「中立化」の崩壊と第二次インドシナ戦争 : 1962年以後のアメリカの対ラオス政策

This study examines U.S. policy toward Laos from the Geneva Conference of 1962 through the beginning of U.S. military intervention in Laos in 1964. The agreement in Geneva ended the civil war and achieved the neutralization of Laos under the interim government of national union headed by Souvanna Phouma. It also stipulated the withdrawal of foreign military personnel from Laos. But the agreement left intact the administrative and military divisions of Laos among the competing forces of the rightist Phoumi, the neutralist Kong Le/Souvanna and the leftist Pathet Lao (PL) groups.The expected political and military integration of these groups soon bogged down after the assassination of Foreign Minister Quinim Pholsena in April 1963 and the evacuation of the two PL cabinet members from Vientiane. By the end of 1963, civil war seemed to have resumed in Laos.The U.S. supported the rightist group against the neutralist/PL coalition during the civil war. But it started non-military assistance to the neutralist group by the end of 1962 to lure them into rightist/neutralist cooperation against the PL. After the political crisis in April 1963, the U.S. reexamined its policy under the neutralization scheme and adopted various military measures to aid the rightist/neutralist groups in their renewed fighting against the PL.After the unexpected but failed coup against the Souvanna government led by some military leaders in April 1964, the fighting between Kong Le’s force and the PL force intensified in the critical province of Xieng Khouang. The U.S. increased its military assistance to the rightist and neutralist forces. In May, it started reconnaissance flights over Laos, using U.S. military jet aircraft stationed in South Vietnam and Thailand. However, two U.S. reconnaissance and fighter jets were shot down by the PL in early June.June 9, 1964, became the most symbolic day in U.S. military involvement in the Second Indochina War. On this day, the U.S. jet fighters executed “retaliatory strikes” against the PL’s anti-aircraft sites as well as its headquarters in Khang Khay. This occurred two months before the U.S. carried out retaliatory strikes against targets in North Vietnam after the Tonkin Gulf crisis in August 1964. The wars in Laos and Vietnam increasingly became closely intertwined and the U.S. military continued what they called “reconnaissance strike” missions in Laos in the latter half of 1964.In mid-December 1964, the U.S. started “Operation Barrel Roll” ― the code name given to the continuous U.S. “armed reconnaissance and air strike” missions over the Ho Chi Minh Trail in Laos. This was three months before “Operation Rolling Thunder” against North Vietnam began in March 1965.Most past studies on the “Vietnam War” don’t mention that the air war in Laos preceded the air war in Vietnam. The beginning of U.S. military intervention in Laos in 1964 was not totally secret at the time, but it is still mostly unknown in general, despite the fact that most of its details were disclosed by the early 1970s. We have yet to reexamine the “Vietnam War” in the larger framework of the Second Indochina War

El Neoliberalismo y Bienestar Docente: Un Estudio Comparado de las Condiciones Laborales Docentes en el Sistema Escolar Municipal y Particular Subvencionado.

Este estudio de campo investiga las condiciones laborales docentes en el sistema escolar chileno para examinar el bienestar docente. Además, mediante la comparación de las distintas realidades presentes en el sistema público (municipal) y el sistema privado (particular subvencionado), analiza el impacto de la privatización de la educación en el bienestar docente y al sistema escolar conjunto del país después de 30 años de la aplicación del modelo neoliberal. La investigación se realiza principalmente a través de entrevistas con los docentes en ambos sectores. Los resultados demuestran la condición laboral, la condición de enseñanza, clima organizacional y bienestar docente de manera exploratoria y comparada. El estudio evidencia que el docente sufre el riesgo de encontrarse en condiciones de alta inestabilidad laboral, explotación, opresión de ideología y desprofesionalización en ambos sectores, pero más extremo en el sector particular subvencionado, al cual dicta el principio del mercado, inclusive la competencia y la regla de la demanda y oferta. En suma, el docente paga un alto costo a raíz de la búsqueda de la eficiencia en la educación vía privatización; además, la calidad de la educación pública ha sufrido enormemente por el nacimiento y crecimiento de la industria educacional. El estudio plantea la tarea urgente de investigar el tema a nivel nacional