2 research outputs found

    Morphometry of cortical neurons in acute clozapine and ethanol poisoning

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    The aim of the study is to summarize the histology and morphometry of cortical neurons in acute clozapine and ethanol poisoning. Material and methods. Histological examination of the parietal cortical brain samples of 26 patients died during the Day 1 of acute clozapine and ethanol poisoning (23 males and 3 females aged 22–63 years) was per-formed. The blood ethanol level was 1.4–4.1‰. The level of clozapine in the blood ranged between 0.24 and 5.8 mg%, in the liver between 0.097 and 6.5 mg%, in kidneys between 0.03 and 3.5 mg%. The cortical samples for morphometric examination were placed in 10% neutral paraformaldehyde, the histological sections were done and stained with hematoxylin and eosin, as well as according to Niessl. The morphological analysis was performed using the video light microscopy. The number of damaged neurons (with separate quantification of reversible, intermediate, and irreversible damage) was assessed. The statistical analysis was done using the non-parametric methods. Results. The signs of brain neuronal damage in acute clozapine and ethanol poisoning, as well as forensic chemical tests, might be used for establishing the direct cause of death. Β© 2020, V.A. Negovsky Research Institute of General Reanimatology. All rights reserved

    ΠšΠ›Π•Π’ΠšΠ˜ ΠŸΠ£Π ΠšΠ˜ΠΠ¬Π• ΠœΠžΠ—Π–Π•Π§ΠšΠ ПРИ ΠžΠ’Π ΠΠ’Π›Π•ΠΠ˜Π˜ ΠšΠ›ΠžΠ—ΠΠŸΠ˜ΠΠžΠœ Π’ Π‘ΠžΠ§Π•Π’ΠΠΠ˜Π˜ Π‘ ΠΠ›ΠšΠžΠ“ΠžΠ›Π•Πœ Π­ΠšΠ‘ΠŸΠ•Π Π˜ΠœΠ•ΠΠ’ΠΠ›Π¬ΠΠžΠ• Π˜Π‘Π‘Π›Π•Π”ΠžΠ’ΠΠΠ˜Π•)

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    Objectives. Systematization of cerebellar Purkinje cell injuries to clarify the pathogenesis of combined clozapine-alcohol poisoning and to substantiate the immediate cause of death. Material and methods. Experimental studies were performed on 25 white outbreed rats divided into 5 groups: control, group I (clozapine 3 hours), group II (clozapine 24 hours), group III (clozapine + alcohol 3 hours), group IV (clozapine+alcohol 24 hours). The assessment of Purkinje cell injury was performed using the classification of neuronal damage. Results. In the control group of animals reversible changes in Purkinje cells prevailed: primary irritation and acute swelling (15-20%). Irreversible changes were detected in 2-5%. In case of clozapine poisoning the number of Purkinje cells with irreversible changes (shrinking, karyocytolysis, severe changes, Ghost-like cells) was increased. The percentage of Purkinje cells with such changes was 30-40%. In case of combined clozapine-alcohol poisoning the percentage of irreversible Purkinje cells injury increased to 40-60% (especially 24 hours after starting the study). Quantitative differences in irreversible changes in Purkinje cells in the experimental groups were statistically significant if compared to the controls (p<0.05). Conclusion. As a result of the study the most commonly detected injuries of Purkinje cells of cerebellum in clozapine poisoning were revealed. The most prominent damage to Purkinje cells with predominance of irreversible changes were found in cases of combined clozapine-alcohol poisoning. 24-hour duration of the experiment led to the more severe Purkinje cell injuries if compared to the 3-hour duration.ЦСль. БистСматизация ΠΏΠΎΠ²Ρ€Π΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠΊ ΠŸΡƒΡ€ΠΊΠΈΠ½ΡŒΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ·ΠΆΠ΅Ρ‡ΠΊΠ° для уточнСния ΠΏΠ°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π΅Π·Π° ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ отравлСния ΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ·Π°ΠΏΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΌ Π² сочСтании с Π°Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΌ ΠΈ обоснования нСпосрСдствСнной ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ½Ρ‹ смСрти. ΠœΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π» ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹. Π­ΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ исслСдования ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π½Π° 25 Π±Π΅Π»Ρ‹Ρ… бСспородных крысах, распрСдСлСнных Π½Π° 5 Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏ: ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ»ΡŒ, Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΠ° I (ΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ·Π°ΠΏΠΈΠ½ 3 часа), Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΠ° II (ΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ·Π°ΠΏΠΈΠ½ 24 часа), Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΠ° III (ΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ·Π°ΠΏΠΈΠ½ + алкоголь 3 часа), Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΠ° IV (ΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ·Π°ΠΏΠΈΠ½ + алкоголь 24 часа). ΠžΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΊΡƒ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Ρ€Π΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠΊ ΠŸΡƒΡ€ΠΊΠΈΠ½ΡŒΠ΅ осущСствляли с использованиСм классификации ΠΏΠΎΠ²Ρ€Π΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π½Π΅ΠΉΡ€ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² Π Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹. Π’ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΠ΅ ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡ‚Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°Π΄Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΠΌΡ‹Π΅ измСнСния ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠΊ ΠŸΡƒΡ€ΠΊΠΈΠ½ΡŒΠ΅ - ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π²ΠΈΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Ρ€Π°Π·Π΄Ρ€Π°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅, остроС Π½Π°Π±ΡƒΡ…Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ (15-20 %). НСобратимыС измСнСния выявляли Π² 2-5 %. ΠŸΡ€ΠΈ отравлСниях ΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ·Π°ΠΏΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΌ число ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠΊ ΠŸΡƒΡ€ΠΊΠΈΠ½ΡŒΠ΅, Π² ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ€Π°Π·Π²ΠΈΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡŒ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΠΌΡ‹Π΅ измСнСния (сморщиваниС, ΠΊΠ°Ρ€ΠΈΠΎΡ†ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ·, тяТСлыС измСнСния, Β«ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΊΠΈ Ρ‚Π΅Π½ΠΈΒ»), возрастало. Π£Π΄Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΉ вСс Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΈΡ… ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠΊ ΠŸΡƒΡ€ΠΊΠΈΠ½ΡŒΠ΅ составлял 30-40 %. ΠŸΡ€ΠΈ отравлСниях ΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ·Π°ΠΏΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΌ Π² сочСтании с Π°Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΌ число Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΠΌΡ‹Ρ… ΠΏΠΎΠ²Ρ€Π΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ возрастало Π΄ΠΎ 4060 % (особСнно Ρ‡Π΅Ρ€Π΅Π· 24 часа ΠΎΡ‚ Π½Π°Ρ‡Π°Π»Π° экспСримСнта). ΠšΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΡΡ‚Π²Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ различия Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΠΌΡ‹Ρ… ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠΊ ΠŸΡƒΡ€ΠΊΠΈΠ½ΡŒΠ΅ Π² ΠΎΠΏΡ‹Ρ‚Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΠ°Ρ… ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡ€Π°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ с ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΠΎΠΉ статистичСски Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡ΠΈΠΌΡ‹ (Ρ€ < 0,05). Π—Π°ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. Π’ Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Π΅ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… исслСдований установлСны Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ часто выявляСмыС поврСТдСния ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠΊ ΠŸΡƒΡ€ΠΊΠΈΠ½ΡŒΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ·ΠΆΠ΅Ρ‡ΠΊΠ° ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ ΠΎΡ‚Ρ€Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ·Π°ΠΏΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΌ. Π‘ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π²Ρ‹Ρ€Π°ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ поврСТдСния ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠΊ ΠŸΡƒΡ€ΠΊΠΈΠ½ΡŒΠ΅, с ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΠΌΡ‹Ρ… ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ, ΠΎΠ±Π½Π°Ρ€ΡƒΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°ΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ сочСтанном ΠΎΡ‚Ρ€Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ·Π°ΠΏΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ Π°Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΌ. ΠŸΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ экспСримСнта Π΄Π»ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒΡŽ 24 часа ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚ ΠΊ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ тяТСлым измСнСниям ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠΊ ΠŸΡƒΡ€ΠΊΠΈΠ½ΡŒΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡ€Π°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ с 3-часовой ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒΡŽ ΠΎΠΏΡ‹Ρ‚Π°
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