Invariant manifolds with boundary for jump-diffusions

We provide necessary and sufficient conditions for stochastic invariance of finite dimensional submanifolds with boundary in Hilbert spaces for stochastic partial differential equations driven by Wiener processes and Poisson random measures.Comment: 59 pages decomposing into a main article appearing in EJP (26 pages) and an Appendix (33 pages), which will serve as electronic Appendix for the publicatio

Entwicklung der Steuersysteme im internationalen Vergleich: kein Trend zu einer stärkeren Verbrauchsbesteuerung

Es gibt Anzeichen für einen Steuerwettbewerb zwischen den Nationalstaaten um mobile Produktionsfaktoren: Viele OECD-Länder haben über einen längeren Zeitraum die Steuersätze auf Unternehmens- und Kapitaleinkommen sowie diejenigen auf hohe Arbeitseinkommen gesenkt. Insgesamt lässt sich im Vergleich der hier ausgewählten Länder allerdings eine systematische Aushöhlung oder ein Bedeutungsverlust der direkten Steuern nicht erkennen. Die in den meisten Ländern durchgeführten Reformen waren in erster Linie darauf gerichtet, über eine neutralere Besteuerung die Leistungsanreize zu erhöhen und die Lenkungswirkungen zu verringern. Der Abbau von Vergünstigungen bzw. die Verbreiterung der Bemessungsgrundlagen und die Verminderung der Steuertarife waren fast überall die Rezepte, wobei die Reformen teilweise von Nettoentlastungen begleitet wurden. Es gibt zudem keine grundlegenden Hinweise darauf, dass Veränderungen beim Verhältnis von direkten und indirekten Steuern nennenswerte Wirkungen auf die wirtschaftliche Entwicklung haben. Ein Ausstieg aus der direkten Besteuerung oder ein konsequenter Umbau zu einer stärkeren verbrauchsorientierten Besteuerung deuten sich nicht an. In diesem Bericht wird der Frage nachgegangen, welche Entwicklungslinien im Vergleich der Steuersysteme Deutschlands und wichtiger OECD-Länder zu erkennen sind und welche Motive den Änderungen zugrunde liegen

Jump-Diffusions in Hilbert Spaces: Existence, Stability and Numerics

By means of an original approach, called "method of the moving frame", we establish existence, uniqueness and stability results for mild and weak solutions of stochastic partial differential equations (SPDEs) with path dependent coefficients driven by an infinite dimensional Wiener process and a compensated Poisson random measure. Our approach is based on a time-dependent coordinate transform, which reduces a wide class of SPDEs to a class of simpler SDE problems. We try to present the most general results, which we can obtain in our setting, within a self-contained framework to demonstrate our approach in all details. Also several numerical approaches to SPDEs in the spirit of this setting are presented.Comment: fully revised and extended versio

Histometric data obtained by in vivo confocal laser scanning microscopy in patients with systemic sclerosis

BACKGROUND: It would be a benefit if time-saving, non-invasive methods could give hints for diagnosing systemic sclerosis. To investigate the skin of patients with systemic sclerosis using confocal laser scanning microscopy in vivo and to develop histometric parameters to describe characteristic cutaneous changes of systemic sclerosis observed by this new technique, we conducted an exploratory study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifteen patients with systemic sclerosis treated with extracorporal photopheresis were compared with 15 healthy volunteers and 10 patients with other disorders also treated with extracorporal photopheresis. All subjects were investigated using confocal laser scanning microscopy in vivo. RESULTS: Micromorphologic characteristics of skin of patients with systemic sclerosis and measuring parameters for melanisation, epidermal hypotrophy, and fibrosis for dislocation of capillaries by collagen deposits in the papillary dermis were evaluated. An interesting finding was an increased thickness of the tissue in the dermal papillae superior to the first dermal papilla vessel. It was also possible to reproduce characteristic histologic features by confocal laser scanning microscopy in vivo. Histometric parameters for fibrosis and vascular features developed in this study showed significant differences in patients with systemic sclerosis compared to controls. CONCLUSIONS: Although the predominant histopathological features in systemic sclerosis are findings of the reticular dermis and the subcutis, and in histopathological investigation the epidermis seems to remain unaffected by the disease, we have demonstrate some characteristic differences in the epidermis and papillary dermis by confocal laser scanning microscopy in vivo. Some of them have not been described so far. However, to use this technique as a tool for diagnosis and/or staging of systemic sclerosis, further studies are needed investigating the sensitivity and specificity of the histometric parameters developed in this study

Thermo-responsive cell culture carriers based on poly(vinyl methyl ether) - The effect of biomolecular ligands to balance cell adhesion and stimulated detachment

Two established material systems for thermally stimulated detachment of adherent cells were combined in a cross-linked polymer blend to merge favorable properties. Through this approach poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNiPAAm) with its superior switching characteristic was paired with a poly(vinyl methyl ether)-based composition that allows adjusting physico-chemical and biomolecular properties in a wide range. Beyond pure PNiPAAm, the proposed thermo-responsive coating provides thickness, stiffness and swelling behavior, as well as an apposite density of reactive sites for biomolecular functionalization, as effective tuning parameters to meet specific requirements of a particular cell type regarding initial adhesion and ease of detachment. To illustrate the strength of this approach, the novel cell culture carrier was applied to generate transplantable sheets of human corneal endothelial cells (HCEC). Sheets were grown, detached, and transferred onto planar targets. Cell morphology, viability and functionality were analyzed by immunocytochemistry and determination of transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) before and after sheet detachment and transfer. HCEC layers showed regular morphology with appropriate TEER. Cells were positive for function-associated marker proteins ZO-1, Na+/K+-ATPase, and paxillin, and extracellular matrix proteins fibronectin, laminin and collagen type IV before and after transfer. Sheet detachment and transfer did not impair cell viability. Subsequently, a potential application in ophthalmology was demonstrated by transplantation onto de-endothelialized porcine corneas in vitro. The novel thermo-responsive cell culture carrier facilitates the generation and transfer of functional HCEC sheets. This paves the way to generate tissue engineered human corneal endothelium as an alternative transplant source for endothelial keratoplasty

Digitale Daten im Maschinenmanagement: Untersuchung zur Kombination von Maschinenmanagementsystemen mit Agrarsoftwareanwendungen zur Bereitstellung entscheidungsrelevanter digitaler Daten und Weiterleitung in das Farm Management Information System (FMIS) sächsischer Landwirtschaftsbetriebe

Der Bericht informiert über die Untersuchung zur Kombination von Maschinenmanagementsystemen mit Agrarsoftwareanwendungen zur Bereitstellung digitaler Daten und deren Weiterleitung in Farm-Management-Information-Systemen (FMIS) sächsischer Landwirtschaftsbetriebe. Eine SWOT-Analyse gibt für alle untersuchten Systeme einen Überblick über Stärken, Schwächen, Chancen und Risiken. Die Bewertungsmatrix umfasst eine tabellarische vergleichende Bewertung der drei untersuchten Maschinenmanagementsysteme, orientiert an den Fragestellungen der Landwirte. Für Landwirte, Landtechnik- und Softwarehersteller sowie für die landwirtschaftliche Beratung werden Handlungsempfehlungen gegeben. Redaktionsschluss: 12.12.202