Zentrum Mensch-Maschine-System (ZMMS): Projekte 1993-1995 Kurzfassungen

The purpose of the Man-Machine Systems Center (ZMMS) of the Technical University (TU) Berlin is to integrate engineering sciences with human sciences for given projects, to stimulate and to coordinate interdisciplinary research at the TU Berlin, and to represent it in teaching and in the public. This is done in close cooperation with the ''Man-Machine Systems'' faculty of the Institute for Ergonomics of the TU Berlin. As far as the contents of this interdisciplinary work is concerned, a number of priorities have been set, which are currently treated in the form of projects. These priorities include contributions to system safety and reliability, computer-assisted decision-making aids, to air traffic control, and to the development of driver models. Some of these projects are presented in this paper. (orig.)Available from TIB Hannover / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekSIGLEDEGerman

Programmsystem EnCoRe-PLus: Ueber die Moeglichkeiten der programmierbaren Luftraumsimulation

The report describes the development, structure, data flow and application of the flexible, experimental air control simulation system EnCoRe-Plus (En-route Controller's Representation-Programmierbare LUftraumSimulation). The system allows cognitive psychological experiments for investigation of the mental information processing of air-route controllers. A comprehensive appendix documents the structure of the object-oriented, in C++ written program system. All classes, functions, constants, macro-definitions and variables are listed separately corresponding to the specific source file. A special appendix is devoted to the protocol data representing the development phase and aspects of application. (WEN)Available from TIB Hannover: RR 8745(96-2) / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekSIGLEDEGerman

Beitrag der Psychologie zur Sicherheit von Einrichtungen hohen Gefaehrdungspotentials

Installations with a high hazard potential are usually characterised by the dual attribute 'low risk - high hazard'. Diverse strategies of safety management are employed in such installations in order to limit the great hazard potential of safety-relevant occurrences (faults, abnormal operating states, accidents) that can take place in them. These strategies include specific control principles. In nuclear engineering, for example, the feedforward principle has already been used for some time as a tool of analytic risk determination (e.g., in probabilistic Safety Analysis (PSA) or Human Reliability Analysis (HRA)). A further example of these strategies of safety management is the empirical determination of risks through evaluation of operating experience (feedback control, e.g., epemiological studies, accident analysis) and, derived from this, identification of the system's weak points in terms of safety. Insights derived from the application of these control principles can serve to develop specific means of intervention. These will tend to be closely oriented to the results obtained with the control method and may consist in, e.g., trainings or measures of organisation development. Independent of this, it will also be possible to identify long-term measures for preventing safety-relevant occurrences (e.g., organisational learning, safety-mindedness). The above-named strategies of safety management (control, intervention, prevention) provide a fertile basis for psychological studies in fields such as the physiology and psychology of perception (information processing), cognitive, psychology (thought and action), social psychology (division of labour, norms), paedagogic psychology (training), or organisational and environmental psychology (safety-mindedness, leadership, environmental influences). (orig./DG)Einrichtungen hohen Gefaehrdungspotentials sind in der Regel gekennzeichnet durch die Eigenschaft von 'low risk - high hazard'. Das grosse Gefahrenpotential, das von sicherheitsrelevanten Ereignissen (Stoerungen, Stoerfaelle, Unfaelle) in diesen Einrichtungen ausgeht, versucht man durch diverse Strategien des Sicherheitsmanagements einzugrenzen. Hierzu gehoeren spezifische Kontrollprinzipien. So hat man in der Kerntechnik seit geraumer Zeit damit begonnen mit Hilfe der feedforward-Kontrolle Risiken vorab analytisch zu bestimmten (z.B. durch Probabilistische Sicherheitsanalysen - PSA und Human Reliability Analysis - HRA). Die empirische Bestimmung von Risiken durch Auswertung von Betriebserfahrung (feedback-Kontrolle, z.B. epidemiologische Studien, Unfallanalyse) und die damit verbundene Identifizierung von sicherheitsgefaehrdenden Schwachstellen des Systems gehoert ebenfalls zu diesen Strategien des Sicherheitsmanagements. Die aus diesen Kontrollprinzipien abgeleiteten Erkenntisse legen spezifische Interventionen nahe. Diese sind relativ eng an die Ergebnisse aus den verschiedenen Verfahren zur Kontrolle angelehnt (z.B. Trainings, Massnahmen der Organisationsentwicklung). Davon unabhaengig lassen sich langfristige Massanhmen zur Praevention von Ereignissen identifizieren (z.B. Organisationales Lernen, Sicherheitskultur). Die genannten Strategien des Sicherheitsmanagements (Kontrolle, Intervention, Praevention) liefern umfangreiche Ankuepfungspunkte fuer psychologische Fragestellungen. Sie reichen von der physiologischen und Wahrnehmungspsychologie (Informationsverarbeitung), der Kognitionspsychologie (Denken und Handeln) zur Sozialpsychologie (Arbeitsteilung, Normen) ueber die paedagogische Psychologie (Training) bis hin zur Organisations- und Umweltpsychologie (Sichherheitskultur, Fuehrung, Umwelteinfluesse). (orig./DG)SIGLEAvailable from FIZ Karlsruhe / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekDEGerman

Bewertung einer WWW-Datenbank in Anlehnungen an ISO 9241-10

Available from FIZ Karlsruhe / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekSIGLEDEGerman

NT, Linux, Novell oder Banyan? Eine Methode zur Auswahl eines Netzwerkbetriebssystems

Available from TIB Hannover / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekSIGLEDEGerman

Psychologische Erkenntnisse und Methoden als Grundlage fuer die Gestaltung von Mensch-Maschine-Systemen

Available from TIB Hannover / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekSIGLEDEGerman

Modellierung von Fluglotsenleistungen in der Streckenflugkontrolle

Available from TIB Hannover / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekSIGLEDeutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), Bonn (Germany)DEGerman

Arbeitsbericht zum DFG-Projekt 'Analyse und Entwicklung von Faehigkeiten zur Fehlerdiagnose und -korrektur bei komplexen Aufgabenstellungen' Problemloesefaehigkeiten zur Fehlerdiagnose

A prototypic decision aid system (das) has been developed for the repair of malfunctions at the revolver head of the CNC tool machine EMAG MSC 22. By supplying information and grounds, the das qualifies the user to reconstruct diagnostic processes independently and to derive diagnoses in sole responsibility. The compiled knowledge model has been implemented and evaluated. Application of the das proved its effectivity. It is concluded that empirical knowledge of the machine drivers can be recorded by conventional psychological methods, and that this recorded knowledge can be treated with the methods of modelling known from the expert system technique of informatics. (WEN)Available from TIB Hannover: RR 8745(96-1) / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekSIGLEDEGerman

Modellierung von Fluglotsenleistungen in der Streckenflugkontrolle

Available from TIB Hannover / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekSIGLEDeutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), Bonn (Germany)DEGerman

Verbesserte Methoden zur Objektivierung von subjektiven Bewertungen des Fahrverhaltens

Available from TIB Hannover / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekSIGLEDEGerman