Continental crustal composition and lower crustal models

The composition of the upper crust is well established as being close to that of granodiorite. The upper crustal composition is reflected in the uniform REE abundances in shales which represent an homogenization of the various REE patterns. This composition can only persist to depths of 10-15 km, for heat flow and geochemical balance reasons. The composition of the total crust is model dependent. One constraint is that it should be capable of generating the upper granodioritic (S.L.) crust by partial melting within the crust. This composition is based on the andesite model, which assumes that the total crust has grown by accretion of island arc material. A representation of the growth rate of the continental crust is shown. The composition of the lower crust, which comprises 60-80% of the continental crust, remains a major unknown factor for models of terrestrial crustal evolution. Two approaches are used to model the lower crust

Reporting participation rates in studies of non-pharmacological interventions for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic review

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited

L-band, 1.2 m parabolic antenna-noise temperature measurement

Extensive antenna-noise temperature measurements at 1.6 GHz (L-band) were made using a 1.2 m (4 ft. diameter) parabolic dish antenna mounted on the flying bridge of a modern 15,690-ton, commercial-container ship. Both in-harbor and at-sea radiometer measurements were made that indicated a steady background, antenna-noise temperature value slightly less than 70 degrees Kelvin (K) at elevation angles of 5 percent, and greater, at 1.6 GHz. A comparison of theoretical and measured values indicate excellent agreement within about 5K for at-sea data. These measurements are helpful to RF equipment designers of maritime, L-band shipboard terminals for operation with the two, geostationary, maritime satellites, Marisat-A and -B

Fluoroether modified epoxy composites

Addition of controlled amounts of perfluorinated alkyl ether diacyl fluoride to epoxy resin systems prior to cure results in a formulation which, exhibits improved energy absorbing properties

Comforting sentences from the warming room at Inchcolm abbey

A fragmentary inscription from the fifteenth century is reconstructed and its source identified, offering an insight into the use of one proverbial source of morally and spiritually encouraging sentences, and opening another little window on to the books available to the canons of Inchcolm

Cost effectiveness of conventional versus LANDSAT use data for hydrologic modeling

Six case studies were analyzed to investigate the cost effectiveness of using land use data obtained from LANDSAT as opposed to conventionally obtained data. A procedure was developed to determine the relative effectiveness of the two alternative means of acquiring data for hydrological modelling. The cost of conventionally acquired data ranged between $3,000 and$16,000 for the six test basins. Information based on LANDSAT imagery cost between $2,000 and$5,000. Results of the effectiveness analysis shows the differences between the two methods are insignificant. From the cost comparison and the act that each method, conventional and LANDSAT, is shown to be equally effective in developing land use data for hydrologic studies, the cost effectiveness of the conventional or LANDSAT method is found to be a function of basin size for the six test watersheds analyzed. The LANDSAT approach is cost effective for areas containing more than 10 square miles

Modular HLA RTI services: The GRIDS approach

The Generic Runtime Infrastructure for Distributed Simulation (GRIDS) has been developed to investigate modularity issues in distributed simulation. It could be argued that although the HLA RTI is a widespread solution to distributed simulation, it cannot include all possible services. This paper investigates an approach to extending the distributed simulation services available in the HLA RTI. One example of this is bridging support for HLA/DIS legacy integration. This paper therefore presents GRIDS, how GRIDS can be used to provide modular service support for the HLA RTI, and a case study on legacy integration to demonstrate our approach

Firm Performance, Worker Commitment and Loyalty

Using matched employer-employee level data drawn from the UK Workplace and Employee Relations Survey, we explore the influence of worker commitment and loyalty on firm level labour productivity and financial performance. Our empirical findings suggest that worker commitment and loyalty enhance both labour productivity and financial performance at the firm level thereby highlighting a hitherto neglected conduit for improved firm performance. Using employee level data, we also explore the determinants of worker commitment and loyalty in order to ascertain how such attachments to the firm may be engendered. In general, our employee level analysis suggests that it is firm level characteristics (such as appraisal schemes, supervision, suspensions and redundancies) that influence attachments to the firm. Such findings suggest that firms may be able to exert some influence over the loyalty and commitment of its workforce, which, in turn, may affect firm performance