1,314 research outputs found
An overview of systematic reviews in medical education and a focused review in prescribing
Background: Tertiary reviews (review of reviews) in medical education tend to focus on doctors, continuing education and professional practice. This paper provides a tertiary review of all areas of medical education at all levels. An in-depth focus on prescribing is included. Methods and results: A systematic search using the keywords âmedical educationâ AND (âsystematic reviewâ OR âmeta-analysisâ) yielded 187 reviews. Reviews were coded by intervention, curriculum/theme, participants and outcomes, creating a systematic map. The most popular interventions and curriculum were simulation (9%) and prescribing (7%), respectively. Most reviews included multiple participant types (68%) and sought patient/health outcomes (64%). Twelve prescribing reviews included in the in-depth review found active educational strategies more effective than passive strategies. Discussion: The systematic map highlights topics and interventions, but further research should explore the cost-effectiveness of the reviews themselves. Prescribing reviews tend to focus on doctors; more research into the acquisition of prescribing skills by students/junior doctors is required
Girlhood, bride-kidnapping and the postsocialist moment in MĂĄngshÄn (Blind Mountain) (Li, 2007) and Boz Salkyn (Pure Coolness) (Abdyjaparov, 2007)
China and Kyrgyzstan are at the point of national development where the interplay between a national past and a globalised future are still hotly debated. Both nations are at the crux of the global questions related to the universal dilemmas posed by the collapse of the revolutionary socialist challenge to the hegemony of capitalism (Sakwa 1999). This article will examine the interplay between gender and the vision of postsocialist modernity that is found in two films. Blind Mountain (Li, 2007) and Pure Coolness (Abdyjaparov, 2007) both present the respective stories of teenagers forced into marriage as part of a "tradition" that is supported by the broader local community (as opposed to been the act of an individual male kidnapper). I will explore how the girl simultaneously represents a vision of a localised space while operating as an indicative sign of cultural difference. In short, she is the site of the transmission of ideals of gender and modernity between moments in national development. We, therefore, see the girl caught in the crosshair of modernity, sexuality, tradition, nostalgia and capitalism in communities that, as will be explored, are struggling to find a sense of self in the Asian post-socialist moment
Comparison of methods to estimate aerosol effective radiative forcings in climate models
Uncertainty in the effective radiative forcing (ERF) of climate primarily arises from the unknown contribution of aerosols, which impact radiative fluxes directly and through modifying cloud properties. Climate model simulations with fixed sea surface temperatures but perturbed atmospheric aerosol loadings allow for an estimate of how strongly the planet's radiative energy budget has been perturbed by the increase in aerosols since pre-industrial times. The approximate partial radiative perturbation (APRP) technique further decomposes the contributions to the direct forcing due to aerosol scattering and absorption and to the indirect forcing due to aerosol-induced changes in cloud scattering, amount, and absorption, as well as the effects of aerosols on surface albedo. Here we evaluate previously published APRP-derived estimates of aerosol effective radiative forcings from these simulations conducted in the sixth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6) and find that they are biased as a result of two large coding errors that â in most cases â fortuitously compensate. The most notable exception is the direct radiative forcing from absorbing aerosols, which is more than 40â% larger averaged across CMIP6 models in the present study. Correcting these biases eliminates the residuals and leads to better agreement with benchmark estimates derived from double calls to the radiation code. The APRP method â when properly implemented â remains a highly accurate and efficient technique for diagnosing aerosol ERF in cases where double radiation calls are not available, and in all cases it provides quantification of the individual contributors to the ERF that are highly useful but not otherwise available
Attitudes and perceptions of next-of-kin/loved ones toward end-of-life HIV cure-related research: A qualitative focus group study in Southern California
As end-of-life (EOL) HIV cure-related research expands, understanding perspectives of participantsâ next-of-kin (NOK) is critical to maintaining ethical study conduct. We conducted two small focus groups and two one-on-one interviews using focus group guides with the NOK of Last Gift study participants at the University of California, San Diego (UCSD). Participating NOK included six individuals (n = 5 male and n = 1 female), including a grandmother, grandfather, partner, spouse, and two close friends. Researchers double-coded the transcripts manually for overarching themes and sub-themes using an inductive approach. We identified six key themes: 1) NOK had an accurate, positive understanding of the Last Gift clinical study; 2) NOK felt the study was conducted ethically; 3) Perceived benefits for NOK included support navigating the dying/grieving process and personal growth; 4) Perceived drawbacks included increased sadness, emotional stress, conflicted wishes between NOK and study participants, and concerns around potential invasiveness of study procedures at the EOL; 5) NOK expressed pride in loved onesâ altruism; and 6) NOK provided suggestions to improve the Last Gift study, including better communication between staff and themselves. These findings provide a framework for ethical implementation of future EOL HIV cure-related research involving NOK
Orientifolds of Matrix theory and Noncommutative Geometry
We study explicit solutions for orientifolds of Matrix theory compactified on
noncommutative torus. As quotients of torus, cylinder, Klein bottle and
M\"obius strip are applicable as orientifolds. We calculate the solutions using
Connes, Douglas and Schwarz's projective module solution, and investigate
twisted gauge bundle on quotient spaces as well. They are Yang-Mills theory on
noncommutative torus with proper boundary conditions which define the geometry
of the dual space.Comment: 17 pages, LaTeX, minor corrections, two references added, discussions
slightly expanded, to appear in Phys. Rev.
Materiality in information environments: Objects, spaces, and bodies in three outpatient hemodialysis facilities
Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/152032/1/asi24277.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/152032/2/asi24277_am.pd
Matrix Compactification On Orientifolds
Generalizing previous results for orbifolds, in this paper we describe the
compactification of Matrix model on an orientifold which is a quotient space as
a Yang-Mills theory living on a quantum space. The information of the
compactification is encoded in the action of the discrete symmetry group G on
Euclidean space and a projective representation U of G. The choice of Hilbert
space on which the algebra of U is realized as an operator algebra corresponds
to the choice of a physical background for the compactification. All these data
are summarized in the spectral triple of the quantum space.Comment: 28 pages, late
Acceptability of aspirin for cancer preventive therapy: a survey and qualitative study exploring the views of the UK general population
Objectives Aspirin could be offered for colorectal cancer prevention for the UK general population. To ensure the views of the general population are considered in future guidance, we explored public perceptions of aspirin for preventive therapy.
Design We conducted an online survey to investigate aspirin use, and awareness of aspirin for cancer prevention among the UK general population. We conducted semistructured interviews with a subsample of survey respondents to explore participantsâ acceptability towards aspirin for cancer preventive therapy. We analysed the interview data using reflexive thematic analysis and mapped the themes onto the Theoretical Domains Framework, and the Necessity and Concerns Framework.
Setting Online survey and remote interviews.
Participants We recruited 400 UK respondents aged 50â70 years through a market research company to the survey. We purposefully sampled, recruited and interviewed 20 survey respondents.
Results In the survey, 19.0% (76/400) of respondents were aware that aspirin can be used to prevent cancer. Among those who had previously taken aspirin, 1.9% (4/216) had taken it for cancer prevention. The interviews generated three themes: (1) perceived necessity of aspirin; (2) concerns about side effects; and (3) preferred information sources. Participants with a personal or family history of cancer were more likely to perceive aspirin as necessary for cancer prevention. Concerns about taking aspirin at higher doses and its side effects, such as gastrointestinal bleeding, were common. Many described wanting guidance and advice on aspirin to be communicated from sources perceived as trustworthy, such as healthcare professionals.
Conclusions Among the general population, those with a personal or family history of cancer may be more receptive towards taking aspirin for preventive therapy. Future policies and campaigns recommending aspirin may be of particular interest to these groups. Multiple considerations about the benefits and risks of aspirin highlight the need to support informed decisions on the medication
MiR-214â3p regulates Piezo1, lysyl oxidases and mitochondrial function in human cardiac fibroblasts
Cardiac fibroblasts are pivotal regulators of cardiac homeostasis and are essential in the repair of the heart after myocardial infarction (MI), but their function can also become dysregulated, leading to adverse cardiac remodelling involving both fibrosis and hypertrophy. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are noncoding RNAs that target mRNAs to prevent their translation, with specific miRNAs showing differential expression and regulation in cardiovascular disease. Here, we show that miR-214-3p is enriched in the fibroblast fraction of the murine heart, and its levels are increased with cardiac remodelling associated with heart failure, or in the acute phase after experimental MI. Tandem mass tagging proteomics and in-silico network analyses were used to explore protein targets regulated by miR-214-3p in cultured human cardiac fibroblasts from multiple donors. Overexpression of miR-214-3p by miRNA mimics resulted in decreased expression and activity of the Piezo1 mechanosensitive cation channel, increased expression of the entire lysyl oxidase (LOX) family of collagen cross-linking enzymes, and decreased expression of an array of mitochondrial proteins, including mitofusin-2 (MFN2), resulting in mitochondrial dysfunction, as measured by citrate synthase and Seahorse mitochondrial respiration assays. Collectively, our data suggest that miR-214-3p is an important regulator of cardiac fibroblast phenotypes and functions key to cardiac remodelling, and that this miRNA represents a potential therapeutic target in cardiovascular disease
Cosmic-ray strangelets in the Earth's atmosphere
If strange quark matter is stable in small lumps, we expect to find such
lumps, called ``strangelets'', on Earth due to a steady flux in cosmic rays.
Following recent astrophysical models, we predict the strangelet flux at the
top of the atmosphere, and trace the strangelets' behavior in atmospheric
chemistry and circulation. We show that several strangelet species may have
large abundances in the atmosphere; that they should respond favorably to
laboratory-scale preconcentration techniques; and that they present promising
targets for mass spectroscopy experiments.Comment: 28 pages, 4 figures, revtex
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