Determining the use of prophylactic antibiotics in breast cancer surgeries : a survey of practice

Q3Q2Background: Prophylactic antibiotics (PAs) are beneficial to breast cancer patients undergoing surgery because they prevent surgical site infection (SSI), but limited information regarding their use has been published. This study aims to determine the use of PAs prior to breast cancer surgery amongst breast surgeons in Colombia. Methods: An online survey was distributed amongst the breast surgeon members of the Colombian Association of Mastology, the only breast surgery society of Colombia. The scope of the questions included demographics, clinical practice characteristics, PA prescription characteristics, and the use of PAs in common breast surgical procedures. Results: The survey was distributed amongst eighty-eight breast surgeons of whom forty-seven responded (response rate: 53.4%). Forty surgeons (85.1%) reported using PAs prior to surgery of which >60% used PAs during mastectomy, axillary lymph node dissection, and/or breast reconstruction. Surgeons reported they targeted the use of PAs in cases in which patients had any of the following SSI risk factors: diabetes mellitus, drains in situ, obesity, and neoadjuvant therapy. The distribution of the self-reported PA dosing regimens was as follows: single pre-operative fixed-dose (27.7%), single preoperative dose followed by a second dose if the surgery was prolonged (44.7%), single preoperative dose followed by one or more postoperative doses for >24 hours (10.6%), and single preoperative weight-adjusted dose (2.1%). Conclusion: Although this group of breast surgeons is aware of the importance of PAs in breast cancer surgery there is a discrepancy in how they use it, specifically with regards to prescription and timeliness of drug administration. Our findings call for targeted quality-improvement initiatives, such as standardized national guidelines, which can provide sufficient evidence for all stakeholders and therefore facilitate best practice medicine for breast cancer surgery

Notes for genera: basal clades of Fungi (including Aphelidiomycota, Basidiobolomycota, Blastocladiomycota, Calcarisporiellomycota, Caulochytriomycota, Chytridiomycota, Entomophthoromycota, Glomeromycota, Kickxellomycota, Monoblepharomycota, Mortierellomycota, Mucoromycota, Neocallimastigomycota, Olpidiomycota, Rozellomycota and Zoopagomycota)

Compared to the higher fungi (Dikarya), taxonomic and evolutionary studies on the basal clades of fungi are fewer in number. Thus, the generic boundaries and higher ranks in the basal clades of fungi are poorly known. Recent DNA based taxonomic studies have provided reliable and accurate information. It is therefore necessary to compile all available information since basal clades genera lack updated checklists or outlines. Recently, Tedersoo et al. (MycoKeys 13:1--20, 2016) accepted Aphelidiomycota and Rozellomycota in Fungal clade. Thus, we regard both these phyla as members in Kingdom Fungi. We accept 16 phyla in basal clades viz. Aphelidiomycota, Basidiobolomycota, Blastocladiomycota, Calcarisporiellomycota, Caulochytriomycota, Chytridiomycota, Entomophthoromycota, Glomeromycota, Kickxellomycota, Monoblepharomycota, Mortierellomycota, Mucoromycota, Neocallimastigomycota, Olpidiomycota, Rozellomycota and Zoopagomycota. Thus, 611 genera in 153 families, 43 orders and 18 classes are provided with details of classification, synonyms, life modes, distribution, recent literature and genomic data. Moreover, Catenariaceae Couch is proposed to be conserved, Cladochytriales Mozl.-Standr. is emended and the family Nephridiophagaceae is introduced

Dimensionamento da dor durante a instalação do cateter central de inserção periférica em neonatos Medida de la intensidad del dolor durante la instalación del catéter central de inserción periférica en neonatos Measuring pain in neonates during placement of central line catheter via peripheral insertion

OBJETIVO: Dimensionar a dor durante a instalação do cateter central de inserção periférica, comparando o momento da punção venosa com a progressão do cateter. MÉTODOS: Estudo descritivo exploratório com coleta prospectiva dos dados realizado na unidade neonatal de um hospital-escola de grande porte da cidade de São Paulo. Avaliou-se a resposta dolorosa ao procedimento de inserção do cateter em 28 neonatos utilizando-se a escala Premature Infant Pain Profile (PIPP) nas etapas de pré-punção (15 segundos), punção venosa (30 segundos) e progressão do cateter (30 segundos). RESULTADOS: O escore PIPP maior ou igual a sete, indicativo de dor moderada a intensa, ocorreu em 13 RN (59,1%) na primeira punção venosa e 10 RN (45,5%) na progressão do cateter do grupo que não recebeu analgésico ou sedativo. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados apontam para a necessidade de se adotar medidas analgésicas, uma vez que neonatos internados em unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal são freqüentemente submetidos a procedimentos invasivos e dolorosos.<br>OBJETIVO: Medir la intensidad del dolor durante la instalación del catéter central de inserción periférica, comparando el momento de la punción venosa con la progresión del catéter. MÉTODOS: Estudio descriptivo exploratorio con recolección prospectiva de los datos realizado en la unidad neonatal de un hospital-escuela de gran porte de la ciudad de Sao Paulo. Se evaluó la respuesta dolorosa al procedimiento de inserción del catéter en 28 neonatos, utilizándose la escala Premature Infant Pain Profile (PIPP) en las etapas de pre-punción (15 segundos), punción venosa (30 segundos) y progresión del catéter (30 segundos). RESULTADOS: El puntaje PIPP mayor o igual a siete, indicativo de dolor moderado a intenso ocurrió en 13 RN (59,1%) en la primera punción venosa y 10 RN (45,5%) en la progresión del catéter del grupo que no recibió analgésico o sedativo. CONCLUSIÓN: Los resultados apuntan que es necesario adoptar medidas analgésicas, ya que los neonatos internados en la unidad de terapia intensiva neonatal son frecuentemente sometidos a procedimientos invasores y dolorosos.<br>OBJECTIVE: To measure pain in neonates during placement of central line catheter via peripheral insertion by comparing pain at the moment of the introduction of the catheter and pain at the progression of the catheter. METHODS: This was a descriptive exploratory study with 28 neonates from a large teaching hospital in Sao Paulo city. Data were collected with the Premature Infant Pain Profile (PIPP) 15 seconds prior the initial introduction of the catheter, during the initial introduction of the catheter (30 seconds), and during the progression of the catheter (30 seconds). RESULTS: The majority of neonates (59.1%) had a score e" 7 on the PIPP, moderate to high pain intensity, during the initial introduction of the catheter. A greater number of neonates (45.5%) who did not receive analgesic or sedative medication had score e" 7 on the PIPP, moderate to high pain intensity, during the progression of the catheter. CONCLUSION: There is a need for adoption of use of analgesic medication in the neonatal unit, since neonates often undergo invasive and painful procedures

Localização inicial da ponta de cateter central de inserção periférica (PICC) em recém-nascidos Localización inicial de la punta del catéter central de inserción periférica (PICC) en recién nacidos Initial placement of the peripherally inserted central catheter's tip in neonates

Estudo transversal com coleta prospectiva de dados, que objetivouidentificar o posicionamento inicial da ponta do cateter central de inserção periférica (PICC) e verificar a prevalência de sucesso de sua inserção em neonatos. Os dados foram coletados no berçário anexo à maternidade do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, entre março e setembro de 2006. Dos 37 neonatos submetidos à inserção do cateter PICC, a taxa de sucesso no procedimento foi de 72,3% (27 neonatos); destes, quatro (14,8%) estavam com as pontas dos cateteres alojadas nas veias axilar ou inominada; outros três (11,1%), alojadas em veia jugular. Estes cateteres foram removidos por desvio de trajeto. 13 (48,2%) estavam com as pontas alojadas em átrio direito, cujos cateteres foram tracionados para reposicionamento da ponta para a veia cava superior.<br>Estudio transversal con recolección prospectiva de datos. La finalidad fue identificar la posición inicial de la punta del catéter central de inserción periférica (PICC) y verificar la prevalencia de éxitos durante su introducción en neonatos. Los datos fueron recolectados en un servicio de neonatología anexo a la maternidad del Hospital de las Clínicas de la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad de São Paulo, entre marzo y setiembre del 2006. De los 37 neonatos sometidos a introducción del catéter PICC, la tasa de éxito fue de 72.3% (27 neonatos), de ellos, cuatro (14.8%) estaban con las puntas de los catéteres alojadas en las venas axilar o no determinada, tres (11.1%) localizadas en la vena yugular. Siendo estos últimos retirados por desviación en su trayecto. El 48.2% (13) se encontraba con las puntas en el atrio derecho, siendo estos catéteres nuevamente posicionados en la vena cava superior.<br>This is a cross-sectional study aiming to identify the initial tip position of peripherally inserted central catheters (PICC) and to verify the prevalence of success in inserting such catheters in neonates. The study was carried out in the neonatal care unit of Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade de São Paulo. Data were collected prospectively from March to September 2006. 37 neonates underwent PICC insertion were included in the study. The rate of success for this procedure was 72.3% (27 neonates). Of them, four (14.8%) had the catheter tips placed in the axilary or inominate veins. Three others (11.1%) had them placed in a jugular vein. When these catheters were removed, 13 (48.2%) catheter tip were placed in the right atrium, and they were relocated to the superior vena cava

Andersen syndrome: an association of periodic paralysis, cardiac arrhythmia and dysmorphic abnormalities Síndrome de Andersen: uma associação de paralisia periódica com arritmia cardíaca e alterações dismórficas

Andersen syndrome (AS) is a rare disease characterized by the presence of periodic paralysis (PP), cardiac arrhythmia and dysmorphic abnormalities. We report herein the first Brazilian patient presenting AS who also had obesity, obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and daytime sleepiness. Clinical and genetic evaluation of six family members demonstrated that four had dysmorphic abnormalities but none had PP or cardiac arrhythmia. Sequencing of KCNJ2 revealed the R218W mutation in the index patient and her 6-year-old daughter, who presented dysmorphic abnormalities (micrognathia, clinodactyly of fourth and fifth fingers, short stature) and OSA. Three relatives had clinodactyly as the only manifestation but the R218W mutation was absent, suggesting that this characteristic may be influenced by another gene. OSA accompanied by dysmorphic features may be related to AS.<br>A síndrome de Andersen (SA) é doença rara caracterizada pela presença de paralisia periódica (PP), arritmia cardíaca e anormalidades dismórficas. Relatamos o primeiro paciente brasileiro apresentando SA, e que também apresenta obesidade e apnéia obstrutiva do sono (AOS). Avaliações clínica e genética de seis familiares demonstraram que quatro apresentavam alterações dismórficas mas nenhum tinha PP ou arritmia cardíaca. O sequenciamento do gene KCNJ2 revelou a mutação R218W no paciente índex e sua filha de 6 anos, que apresentava alterações dismórficas (micrognatia, clinodactilia do quarto e quinto dedos, baixa estatura) e AOS. Três familiares tinham clinodactilia como única manifestação mas a mutação R218W estava ausente, sugerindo que esta característica seja influenciada por outro gene. A AOS associada a alterações dismórficas pode estar relacionada à SA

Experiencing organ donation: feelings of relatives after consent

Objective: to identify experiences and feelings on the organ donation process, from the perspective of a relative of an organ donor in a transplant unit.Method: this was exploratory research using a qualitative approach, performed with seven family members of different organ donors, selected by a lottery. Sociodemographic data and the experiences regarding the donation process were collected through semi-structured interviews. The language material was transcribed and submitted to content analysis.Results: poor sensitivity of the medical staff communicating the relative's brain death - the potential donor - and the lack of socio-emotional support prior to the situation experienced by the family was highlighted by participants.Conclusions: the study identified the need to provide social-emotional support for families facing the experience of the organ donation process. From these findings, other care and management practices in health must be discussed to impact the strengthening of the family ties, post-donation, as well as the organ procurement indexes