JOB BURNOUT AND SATISFACTION AMONG SECONDARY TEACHERS: REGRESSION AND K-MEANS CLUSTERING ANALYSIS

Burnout on a teaching job refers to exhaustion that leads to depression which can affect the teacher’s well-being and satisfaction. This article looks into the level of job burnout and satisfaction of high school teachers during modular distance learning and determines its association at different levels. Cross-sectional primary data were gathered from a random sample of secondary teachers in Ormoc City, Leyte, Philippines. The gathered data were job burnout and satisfaction scores and described using standard statistical metrics. Moreover, correlation and regression analysis were employed to analyze its association, and K-means clustering was used to identify homogeneous categories of job burnout and satisfaction scores with similar characteristics. On average, results showed that the high school teachers were still  “satisfied” despite the “high burnout” they were facing during the modular distance learning amid the pandemic. Using the correlation analysis, it is revealed that teachers’ satisfaction and burnout are significantly and inversely correlated to each other. This implies that the burnout level adversely affects the satisfaction in teaching. Based on regression analysis, there is a decrease of 0.653 units in the satisfaction perception score for every 1 unit increase in the burnout perception score and it is significant at a 1% level. It is depicted in K-means clustering that teachers’ satisfaction and burnout levels are compact and converge to the interpretation that they were highly burnout yet satisfied in modular distance learning. Hence, the study suggests that teachers' tasks during distance education must be lessened to increase their well-being as educators

Cyanobacterial calcification in modern microbialites at the submicrometer scale

International audienceThe search for microfossils in the geological record has been a long-term challenge. Part of the problem comes from the difficulty of identifying such microfossils unambiguously, since they can be morphologically confused with abiotic biomorphs. One route to improve our ability to correctly identify microfossils involves studying fossilization processes affecting bacteria in modern settings. We studied the initial stages of fossilization of cyanobacterial cells in modern microbialites from Lake Alchichica (Mexico), a Mg-rich hyperalkaline crater lake (pH 8.9) hosting currently growing stromatolites composed of aragonite [CaCO3] and hydromagnesite [Mg5(CO3)4(OH)2 * 4(H2O)]. Most of the biomass associated with the microbialites is composed of cyanobacteria. Scanning electron microscopy analyses coupled with confocal laser scanning microscopy observations were conducted to co-localize cyanobacterial cells and associated minerals. These observations showed that cyanobacterial cells affiliated with the order Pleurocapsales become specifically encrusted within aragonite with an apparent preservation of cell morphology. Encrustation gradients from non-encrusted to totally encrusted cells spanning distances of a few hundred micrometers were observed. Cells exhibiting increased levels of encrustation along this gradient were studied down to the nm scale using a combination of focused ion beam (FIB) milling, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning transmission x-ray microscopy (STXM) at the C, O and N K-edges. Two different types of aragonite crystals were observed: one type was composed of needle-shaped nano-crystals growing outward from the cell body with a crystallographic orientation perpendicular to the cell wall, and another type was composed of larger crystals that progressively filled the cell interior. Exopolymeric substances (EPS), initially co-localized with the cells, decreased in concentration and dispersed away from the cells while crystal growth occurred. As encrustation developed, EPS progressively disappeared, but remaining EPS showed the same spectroscopic signature. In the most advanced stages of fossilization, only the textural organization of the two types of aragonite recorded the initial cell morphology and spatial distribution

LA ODONTOLOGÍA EN EL CONTEXTO DEL COVID-2019

Estamos viviendo una profunda crisis de salud pública a nivel mundial, originada por el COVID 19 cuyo agente etiológico es el “coronavirus SARS-CoV2 (Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2)”, cuyo inicio fue en la ciudad de Wuhan, China, propagándose rápidamente por todo el mundo, considerado un virus altamente contagioso y potencialmente mortal, una pandemia de larga data. La salud de las personas ha sido afectada, en especial del personal de Salud. El hecho de que esté latente la posibilidad de adquirir el virus ha dado lugar desafíos importantes para el ejercicio de la odontología. La atención odontológica de los pacientes se ha minimizado de atención clínica en atenciones solo de casos de emergencia, urgencia y algunas atenciones mediante el uso del TICS como son: tele orientación, tele monitoreó y tele interconsulta. Por otro lado, las consecuencias de esta Pandemia alcanzaron también a las instituciones de educación superior. Por cuanto a las medidas inculcadas de cumplir con el distanciamiento social, revistieron un contexto de virtualización obligada que, en cuestión de las universidades, impuso los mecanismos de pedagogía a las plataformas de teleconferencia, vale decir una educación no presencial, para garantizar su funcionamiento y sostenibilidad; la misma que demuestra diferencias con las clases presenciales, por lo que se funda la necesidad de desarrollar otras metodologías que respondan la actual circunstancia. Sabiendo que la experiencia y formación en la docencia virtual son exiguas, lo que ha generado una deficiencia en los procedimientos de los métodos de evaluación. En este contexto también se ha visto afectado la odontología basada en evidencia científica, debido a que muchas de las investigaciones se realizan en la cavidad oral. Por lo tanto, urge discutir los retos y desafíos en las Universidades e instituciones prestadoras de Salud, frente a la presencia de la pandemia y ver los caminos para generar soluciones y mecanismos de la transformación digital ante la emergencia del proceso

Magnetic Properties of MBE Grown La0.6Sr0.4MnO3 Thin Films

Honorable Mention Winner This project investigates the magnetic properties of a La1-xSrxMnO3 (x = 0.40) sample of high quality. This sample was grown one atomic layer at a time by Prof. Warusawithana using UNF’s Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE) machine. These magnetic properties are investigated over a range of temperatures from 5 to 400 K in fields up to 7 T. We make use of the techniques to analyze the sample to determine to a high degree of precision the critical temperature of the sample, we determined it to be 252 K. We further identified the saturated magnetization, remnant magnetization, and coercive field at 5 K to be 0.00733 emu/g, 0.00563 emu/g and 0.0090 T respectivel

Mortalidad Neonatal en Perú al 2030: Proyecciones departamentales con enfoque de equidad

Introduction: The decline in neonatal mortality is progressive in Peru and around the world, but it is unequal between rich and poor or between urban and rural populations. Objective: To project the national and departmental neonatal mortality rate (NMR) to 2030 and measure the inequality gaps of the indicators within departments. Materials and methods: An ecological observational study was conducted to calculate the national and departmental NMR to 2030 by applying the "algorithm for obtaining SDG3 targets" based on the NMR for the period 2012 to 2021 estimated with death certificates. Results: It was found that by 2030, Peru's average NMR could be reduced by 12%, from 8.81 in 2021 to 7.78 neonatal deaths per 1000 live births. Within the country, Huancavelica, Puno, Cusco, Amazonas and Ayacucho would have the highest weighted NMR, going from 14.62 to 12.20, and in the departments of Tacna, Moquegua, Lima, Callao and Ica, with the lowest weighted U5MR, the NMR would go from 6.13 to 5.78. Absolute inequality in the NMR would be reduced by 24%, from 8.49 to 6.42, while relative inequality would remain at 2. Conclusions: A slow reduction in neonatal mortality is projected for 2030, with wide inequality gaps between departments and a significant reduction in NMR only in some departments. Prioritizing preventive interventions will be required to reduce early and late neonatal mortality, avoidable neonatal mortality and prematurity.Introducción: El descenso de la mortalidad neonatal es progresivo en el Perú y en el mundo, pero es desigual entre ricos y pobres o entre poblaciones urbanas y rurales. Objetivo: proyectar la tasa de mortalidad neonatal (TMN) nacional y departamental al 2030 y medir las brechas de desigualdad del indicador al interior de los departamentos. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional ecológico para calcular la TMN nacional y departamental al 2030 aplicando el “algoritmo de obtención de metas del ODS3” a partir de la TMN del periodo 2012 al 2021 estimada con los certificados de defunción. Resultados: Se encontró que al 2030 la TMN promedio del Perú podría reducirse en un 12%, pasando de 8,81 en 2021 a 7,78 muertes neonatales por cada 1000 nacidos vivos. Al interior del país, Huancavelica, Puno, Cusco, Amazonas y Ayacucho tendrían la mayor TMN ponderada pasando de 14,62 a 12,20 y en los departamentos Tacna, Moquegua, Lima, Callao e Ica, de menor TMN ponderada, la TMN pasaría de 6,13 a 5,78. La desigualdad absoluta de la TMN se reduciría en 24% pasando de 8,49 a 6,42 mientras que la desigualdad relativa se mantendría en 2.  Conclusiones: se proyecta una lenta reducción de la mortalidad neonatal hacia el 2030, con brechas amplias de desigualdad entre los departamentos y disminución significativa de la TMN solo en algunos departamentos. Es necesario priorizar intervenciones preventivas para reducir la mortalidad neonatal precoz y tardía, mortalidad neonatal evitable y prematuridad

Source model of the 2007 M_w 8.0 Pisco, Peru earthquake: Implications for seismogenic behavior of subduction megathrusts

We use Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar, teleseismic body waves, tsunami waveforms recorded by tsunameters, field observations of coastal uplift, subsidence, and runup to develop and test a refined model of the spatiotemporal history of slip during the M_w 8.0 Pisco earthquake of 15 August 2007. Our preferred solution shows two distinct patches of high slip. One patch is located near the epicenter while another larger patch ruptured 60 km further south, at the latitude of the Paracas peninsula. Slip on the second patch started 60 s after slip initiated on the first patch. We observed a remarkable anticorrelation between the coseismic slip distribution and the aftershock distribution determined from the Peruvian seismic network. The proposed source model is compatible with regional runup measurements and open ocean tsunami records. From the latter data set, we identified the 12 min timing error of the tsunami forecast system as being due to a mislocation of the source, caused by the use of only one tsunameter located in a nonoptimal azimuth. The comparison of our source model with the tsunami observations validate that the rupture did not extend to the trench and confirms that the Pisco event is not a tsunami earthquake despite its low apparent rupture velocity (<1.5 km/s). We favor the interpretation that the earthquake consists of two subevents, each with a conventional rupture velocity (2–4 km/s). The delay between the two subevents might reflect the time for the second shock to nucleate or, alternatively, the time it took for afterslip to increase the stress level on the second asperity to a level necessary for static triggering. The source model predicts uplift offshore and subsidence on land with the pivot line following closely the coastline. This pattern is consistent with our observation of very small vertical displacement along the shoreline when we visited the epicentral area in the days following the event. This earthquake represents, to our knowledge, one of the best examples of a link between the geomorphology of the coastline and the pattern of surface deformation induced by large interplate ruptures

MEDIDAS DE BIOSEGURIDAD DURANTE LA CONFECCION DE MODELOS DENTALES Y PERCEPCIÓN DE RIESGO EN ESTUDIANTES DE ODONTOLOGÍA

Objetivo: Relacionar las medidas de bioseguridad durante la confección de modelos dentales y la percepción de riesgo en estudiantes de odontología de la “Universidad Andina Néstor Cáceres Velásquez”. Materiales y métodos: Investigación analítica, transversal, prospectivo y observacional se aplicó a 60 estudiantes clínicos, seleccionados según criterios de selección muestreo no probabilístico, se aplicó las técnicas de observación y entrevista, mediante una ficha de observación y cuestionario con la escala de Likert, ambas validadas por juicio de expertos. Se contrasto la hipótesis con la prueba de chi cuadrado fue obtenida mediante el uso del programa estadístico SPSS versión 23, con significancia 0.05. Resultados: de 60 clínicos: el 46.60% percibió riesgo alto y ninguno aplico de forma aplicaron en forma regular, y el 23.30% clínicos aplicaron de forma adecuada las conductas esenciales de bioseguridad. Conclusión: la percepción de riesgo se relaciona altamente significativa con las conductas esenciales de bioseguridad durante la confección de los modelos dentales (p=0.0

Population genomics of local adaptation versus speciation in coral reef fishes (Hypoplectrus spp, Serranidae)

Are the population genomic patterns underlying local adaptation and the early stages of speciation similar? Addressing this question requires a system in which (i) local adaptation and the early stages of speciation can be clearly identified and distinguished, (ii) the amount of genetic divergence driven by the two processes is similar, and (iii) comparisons can be repeated both taxonomically (for local adaptation) and geographically (for speciation). Here, we report just such a situation in the hamlets (Hypoplectrus spp), brightly colored reef fishes from the wider Caribbean. Close to 100,000 SNPs genotyped in 126 individuals from three sympatric species sampled in three repeated populations provide genome-wide levels of divergence that are comparable among allopatric populations (Fst estimate = 0.0042) and sympatric species (Fst estimate = 0.0038). Population genetic, clustering, and phylogenetic analyses reveal very similar patterns for local adaptation and speciation, with a large fraction of the genome undifferentiated (Fst estimate ≈ 0), a very small proportion of Fst outlier loci (0.05–0.07%), and remarkably few repeated outliers (1–3). Nevertheless, different loci appear to be involved in the two processes in Hypoplectrus, with only 7% of the most differentiated SNPs and outliers shared between populations and species comparisons. In particular, a tropomyosin (Tpm4) and a previously identified hox (HoxCa) locus emerge as candidate loci (repeated outliers) for local adaptation and speciation, respectively. We conclude that marine populations may be locally adapted notwithstanding shallow levels of genetic divergence, and that from a population genomic perspective, this process does not appear to differ fundamentally from the early stages of speciation

Lower Aptian ammonite and carbon isotope stratigraphy in the eastern Prebetic Domain (Betic Cordillera, southeastern Spain)

Major global palaeobiologic and palaeoenvironmental changes occurred during the Early Aptian. Precise dating and timing of the different events is crucial to determine possible cause-effect relationships between them. In this regard, the combination of biostratigraphic and chemostratigraphic data can provide a very useful tool for time control. So far attempts to correlate the Lower Aptian carbon isotope record and the ammonite zonation yielded contradictory conclusions. In this paper, we present the results of an integrated analysis of the ammonite stratigraphic distribution and highresolution carbon isotope profiles from Lower Aptian sections of the eastern Prebetic Domain (Betic Cordillera, southeastern Spain). We recognized, in ascending order, the Deshayesites oglanlensis, Deshayesites forbesi, Deshayesites deshayesi, and Dufrenoyia furcata Zones. This succession is the same as that recently identified in the eastern Iberian Chain, and it closely correlates with both standard Mediterranean and Boreal zonations. The carbon isotope record displays the trends globally recognized for the Early Aptian, with two long positive shifts separated by a pronounced negative excursion. Calibration of this isotopic record with the ammonite zonation shows that the age of OAE 1a, which corresponds to the negative excursion and subsequent positive shift, is constrained to the middle/upper part of the Deshayesites forbesi Zone

Patterns of velopharyngeal closure: comparative study between healthy population and patients with cleft palate

El propósito de este estudio es corroborar los patrones de cierre velofaríngeo descritos en la literatura y su frecuencia de aparición en una muestra no probabilística de voluntarios sanos, así como comparar estos hallazgos con los obtenidos en pacientes con paladar fisurado reparado quirúrgicamente. Diseñamos para ello un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal. Las valoraciones se realizaron en un hospital de cuarto nivel y en el Centro de Rehabilitación para Niños con Labio y Paladar Fisurado (FISULAB), en santa Fe de Bogotá (Colombia). Participaron en el estudio 100 voluntarios sanos estudiantes universitarios y 82 pacientes con paladar hendido reparado quirúrgicamente. Realizamos videonasofaringoscopia para determinar los patrones de cierre velofaríngeo presentes y su frecuencia de aparición. El análisis estadístico se realizó utilizando el Chi2, encontrando que no existe diferencia en la frecuencia de presentación de los patrones de cierre entre los voluntarios sanos y los pacientes con paladar hendido. En pacientes sanos encontramos con mayor frecuencia el patrón circular (56% de la muestra), seguido por el coronal (29 %) y el circular con rodete de Passavant (15 %). En los pacientes con paladar hendido, igualmente prevaleció el patrón circular (39.02 %), seguido del patrón coronal (24.39 %) y el patrón circular con rodete de Passavant (19.51 %). En ninguno de los 2 grupos encontramos el patrón sagital. En conclusión, corroboramos la presentación de 3 de los 4 patrones de cierre velofaríngeo descritos en la literatura (circular, coronal, circular con rodete de Passavant), sin que existiera una diferencia estadística en la frecuencia de presentación de los patrones de cierre velofaríngeo entre los voluntarios sanos y los pacientes con hendidura palatina. No corroboramos la presentación del patrón sagital.The purpose of this study is to define the patterns of velopharyngeal closure described in the literature, and its frequency of appearance in a non-probabilistic sample with healthy volunteers and to compare these findings with the ones obtained in patients with surgically repaired cleft lip and palate. We designed a descriptive study of cross section. The evaluations were made in a fourth level hospital and in the Rehabilitation Centre for Children with Cleft lip and Palate (FISULAB), Santa fe de Bogotá (Colombia). One hundred healthy volunteers (university students) and 82 patients with surgically repaired cleft palate participated in the study. Videonasopharyngoscopy was performed to determine patterns of velopharyngeal closure present and their frequency of appearance. The statistical analysis indicate that there is no difference in the frequency of presentation of the patterns of velopharyngeal closure between healthy volunteers and the patients with cleft palate. In the healthy group, the most frequently found pattern was the circular (56% of the sample), followed by the coronal (29 %) and circular with Passavant´s ridge (15 %). In the group of patients with cleft lip and palate, the circular pattern also prevails (39,02 %), followed by the coronal pattern (24,39 %), and the circular pattern with Passavant´s ridge (19,51 %). In neither group was found the sagittal pattern. As a conclusion, there was not any statistical difference in the frequency of presentation of the patterns of velopharyngeal closure between the healthy volunteers and the patients with cleft palate