Network effects of intelligent speed adaptation systems

Intelligent Speed Adaptation (ISA) systems use in-vehicle electronic devices to enable the speed of vehicles to be regulated externally. They are increasingly appreciated as a flexible method for speed management and control, particularly in urban areas. On-road trials using a small numbers of ISA equipped vehicles have been carried out in Sweden, the Netherlands, Spain and the UK. This paper describes the developments made to enhance a traffic microsimulation model in order to represent ISA implemented across a network and their impact on the networks. The simulation modelling of the control system is carried out on a real-world urban network, and the impacts on traffic congestion, speed distribution and the environment assessed. The results show that ISA systems are more effective in less congested traffic conditions. Momentary high speeds in traffic are effectively suppressed, resulting in a reduction in speed variation which is likely to have a positive impact on safety. Whilst ISA reduces excessive traffic speeds in the network, it does not affect average journey times. In particular, the total vehicle-hours travelling at speeds below 10 km/hr have not changed, indicating that the speed control had not induced more slow-moving queues to the network. A significant, eight percent, reduction in fuel consumption was found with full ISA penetration. These results are in accordance with those from field trials and they provide the basis for cost-benefit analyses on introducing ISA into the vehicle fleet. Contrary to earlier findings from the Swedish ISA road trials, these network simulations showed that ISA had no significant effect on emission of gaseous pollutants CO, NOx and HC. Further research is planned to investigate the impact on emission with a more comprehensive and up to date modal emission factor database

Evaluation and demonstration of a propellant quantity gaging system for auxiliary propulsion systems Final report

Bipropellant quantity gaging digital syste

Cognitively Engineering a Virtual Collaboration Environment for Crisis Response

Crisis response situations require collaboration across many different organizations with different backgrounds, training, procedures, and goals. The Indian Ocean Tsunami in 2004 and the Hurricane Katrina relief efforts in 2005 emphasized the importance of effective communication and collaboration. In the former, the Multinational Planning Augmentation Team (MPAT) supported brokering of requests for assistance with offers of help from rapidly deployed military and humanitarian assistance facilities. In the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina, the National Guard Soldiers and active component Army Soldiers assisted other state, federal, and non-government organizations with varying degrees of efficiency and expediency. Compounding the challenges associated with collaboration during crisis situations is the distributed nature of the supporting organizations and the lack of a designated leader across these military, government, nongovernment organizations. The Army Research Laboratory is collaborating with the University of Edinburgh, University o

The Role of Environmental Payments in Sustaining Farm Incomes: A Four Year Study of Farm Businesses in an Upland Area of the UK

A representative sample of both participant and non-participant case study farms was examined over a three-year period in the Shropshire Hills Environmentally Sensitive Area of the UK from 1997 to 2000. The effects on farm business viability were monitored and results compared with two relevant sub samples of Farm Business Survey recorded farms. The study showed that farming profitability declined sharply over the study period but that participant case study farm profitability exceeded that of non-participants by an average of £4024 per year. This was attributable to a combination of factors which included larger average farm size, the ESA premium and more intensive farming operations. Subsidies received by both types of farms were almost totally on the "per head" basis and averaged £270 per hectare. Without these both classes of farms would have been highly unprofitable. The status of the ESA premium compared with these figures was an average of 4.5 percent of business turnover or £2358 per farm, well below that of headage based subsidies. Return on capital invested in land was consistently low, suggesting that even with these levels of subsidies the long-term future of these farms could be uncertain. The results achieved were consistent with those obtained from the Farm Business Survey data provided for the two relevant sub-samples.Farm Management,

Gauge Field Preheating at the End of Inflation

Here we consider the possibility of preheating the Universe via the parametric amplification of a massless, U(1) abelian gauge field. We assume that the gauge field is coupled to the inflaton via a conformal factor with one free parameter. We present the results of high-resolution three-dimensional simulations of this model and show this mechanism efficiently preheats the Universe to a radiation-dominated final state.Comment: 8 pages, 8 figure

Plaintiff\u27s Exhibit 0297: Eberling autopsy protocol

https://engagedscholarship.csuohio.edu/plaintiff_exhibits_2000/1058/thumbnail.jp

Further Notes on the Kikuyu Tribe of British East Africa

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The life of Dr W. F. Hook with special reference to and assessment of his educational work

Chapter 1. Outlines his life commencing with his education and also his curacy at Whippingham, during which he studied theology intensively and began his pastoral work. His work at Moseley and Birmingham when his educational interest and close contact with the working classes first came to the fore. This work was continued on a larger scale at Coventry and then at Leeds. His relationship to The Tractarians is outlined and also his work of Church and School extension. Finally his literary and other work at Chichester is mentioned together with a brief assessment of his life. Chapter 2. Educational progress during Dr Hook’s lifetime. The Monitorial system, the rise of the Voluntary Societies and the beginnings of State aid for education. The rise of Training Colleges, School inspection and the Pupil-Teacher system. Increased State provision, management and conscience clause controversies, the Revised Code and events leading up to the Education Act of 1870. The 1870 Act with its sequel and other Educational developments 1800-1875. Chapter 3. A survey of the practical and theoretical educational work of Dr Hook throughout his Ministry with special reference to his letter to the Bishop of St David’s on the means of rendering more efficient the education of the people (1846). Dr Hook’s practical educational work is shown to be very comprehensive while his educational theory is shown to have changed considerably over the years. Chapter4. The impact of Dr Hook’s letter to the Bishop of St David’s (1846) on contemporaries as revealed in biographical material and reviews. A critique of the Reviews and also an assessment of Dr Hook’s educational proposals both in the light of the possible alternatives to his suggestions and also in view of what in fact did happen in educational practice after 1846 both before and after the Education Act 1870