CANNABIS SATIVA: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF PLANT ANALYSIS

Background: Cannabis has been the most widely used illicit drug worldwide throughout many years. Reports from different countries indicate that the potency of cannabis preparation has been increasing, as well as the ratio of tetrahydrocannabinol/cannabidiol has been changing. The high consumption along with the changing chemical profile of the drug has led increasingly to the interest in researching the cannabis plant. Methods: This article reviews available literature on the analytical methods currently used for the detection and quantification of cannabinoids in cannabis plant. The papers were screened by two researchers independently and following a pre-specified protocol. Results and Discussion: The systematic review of the literature allowed to include 42 citations on cannabis plant analysis. Conclusions: The analytical methods for cannabis material published in the included articles of this systematic review showed a lack of relevant information of the development of methods on GC and LC analysis and the limits of detection and quantification of mass detectors

Identification of stably expressed reference small non-coding RNAs for microRNA quantification in high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma tissues

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) belong to a family of small non‐coding RNAs (sncRNAs) playing important roles in human carcinogenesis. Multiple investigations reported miRNAs aberrantly expressed in several cancers, including high‐grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGS‐OvCa). Quantitative PCR is widely used in studies investigating miRNA expression and the identification of reliable endogenous controls is crucial for proper data normalization. In this study, we aimed to experimentally identify the most stable reference sncRNAs for normalization of miRNA qPCR expression data in HGS‐OvCa. Eleven putative reference sncRNAs for normalization (U6, SNORD48, miR‐92a‐3p, let‐7a‐5p, SNORD61, SNORD72, SNORD68, miR‐103a‐3p, miR‐423‐3p, miR‐191‐5p, miR‐16‐5p) were analysed on a total of 75 HGS‐OvCa and 30 normal tissues, using a highly specific qPCR. Both the normal tissues considered to initiate HGS‐OvCa malignant transformation, namely ovary and fallopian tube epithelia, were included in our study. Stability of candidate endogenous controls was evaluated using an equivalence test and validated by geNorm and NormFinder algorithms. Combining results from the three different statistical approaches, SNORD48 emerged as stably and equivalently expressed between malignant and normal tissues. Among malignant samples, considering groups based on residual tumour, miR‐191‐5p was identified as the most equivalent sncRNA. On the basis of our results, we support the use of SNORD48 as best reference sncRNA for relative quantification in miRNA expression studies between HGS‐OvCa and normal controls, including the first time both the normal tissues supposed to be HGS‐OvCa progenitors. In addition, we recommend miR‐191‐5p as best reference sncRNA in miRNA expression studies with prognostic intent on HGS‐OvCa tissues

O QUE O CIRURGIÃO-DENTISTA PRECISA SABER SOBRE A SÍNDROME GILLES DE TOURETTE: RELATO DE CASO

Esta síndrome é um transtorno neurológico relacionado com alterações do metabolismo e neurotransmissão dopaminérgica, patologia de comprometimento psicossocial, que acarreta alterações significativas na vida dos seus portadores e respectivos familiares, associada a uma variedade de problemas comportamentais e emocionais, se manifesta no começo da vida, afetando mais homens do que mulheres, caracterizada por tiques vocais e motores que são classificados em simples e complexos. Os tiques orofaciais e comportamentos compulsivos presentes nesta síndrome, podem causar lesões bucais destrutivas. Os sinais e sintomas mais comumente observados são movimentos mandibulares acentuados, bruxismo, laceração severa das mucosas bucais, hipossalivação, devido medicações frequentemente usadas no tratamento, associada ao desenvolvimento de cáries dentais e doenças periodontais. O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar, os diversos aspectos da síndrome, incluindo a sua definição, a etiologia, o quadro clínico, a epidemiologia, o diagnóstico o tratamento e abordagem odontológica, bem como, relato de caso do paciente, MAC, masculino, leucoderma 30 anos, portador da síndrome, que se apresentou para tratamento odontológico com lesões bucais e fortes tiques motores e vocais

QUEDAS NA VELHICE: IMPLICAÇÕES ODONTOLÓGICAS

Queda, é o deslocamento incorreto do corpo que não é corrigido em tempo hábil, com perda do equilíbrio postural, em virtude de insuficiência súbita dos mecanismos neurais o osteoarticulares envolvidos na manutenção da postura. Representa 70% dos acidentes com idosos, ocorre com um terço dos idosos acima de 65 anos, mais freqüentes em mulheres. No envelhecimento, ocorrem modificações no corpo, o andar mais lento, a postura mais curvada, a redução da capacidade auditiva, visual e de percepção. São causas de quedas as atribuídas ao próprio envelhecimento, patológicas, psicológicas e fatores extrínsecos. A face é uma região vulnerável, ocorrem, escoriações, ferimentos, contusões, hematomas, fraturas ósseas, dentária, de prótese, imobilidade pelo medo de cair novamente, invalidez e inclusive a morte. A higienização oral deve ser mantida pelo familiar, cuidador ou enfermeiro. Importante é a prevenção, que consiste em reconhecer e adequar condições de perigo relacionadas a quedas. O objetivo deste trabalho é mostrar complicações odontológicas diretas e indiretas, decorrentes da queda do idoso, assim como sua prevenção

Evaluation of a novel human IgG1 anti-claudin3 antibody that specifically recognizes its aberrantly localized antigen in ovarian cancer cells and that is suitable for selective drug delivery

Membrane protein claudin3 has been recently suggested as a marker for biologically aggressive tumors and a possible target for the therapeutic delivery of active anti-cancer compounds. Claudin3-binding molecules such as the Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (CPE), CPE-related molecules, and murine and chimeric antibodies have shown promising antitumor efficacy in preclinical oncological settings. We first engineered a fully human anti-claudin3 IgG1 antibody (IgGH6) by fusing the human IgG1 Fc-domain to the anti-claudin3 scFvH6 previously isolated from a pre-immune phage display library. The construct was expressed in mammalian cells and specifically targeted claudin3 endogenously expressed on the surface of different human ovarian cancer cell lines. No detectable cross-reactivity with other homologous claudins was observed. The epitope recognized by IgGH6 is located within the minor extracellular domain of claudin3 and becomes accessible only in tumor cells characterized by incomplete junction formation. Confocal microscopy experiments demonstrated that IgGH6 was actively internalized in tumor cells after binding to native claudin3 and co-localized, likely within intracellular vesicles, with the C-CPE peptide. Preliminary results indicate that IgGH6 accumulated in vivo in free claudin3 ovarian carcinoma xenografts. For its selective uptake in tumor cells and its human nature, IgGH6 represents a valuable candidate for antibody-drug conjugate therapeutic applications in ovarian cancer patients

Mammaglobin B is an independent prognostic marker in epithelial ovarian cancer and its expression is associated with reduced risk of disease recurrence

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Traditional prognostic factors in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) are inadequate in predicting recurrence and long-term prognosis, but genome-wide cancer research has recently provided multiple potentially useful biomarkers. The gene codifying for Mammaglobin B (MGB-2) has been selected from our previous microarray analysis performed on 19 serous papillary epithelial ovarian cancers and its expression has been further investigated on multiple histological subtypes, both at mRNA and protein level. Since, to date, there is no information available on the prognostic significance of MGB-2 expression in cancer, the aim of this study was to determine its prognostic potential on survival in a large cohort of well-characterized EOC patients.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>MGB-2 expression was evaluated by quantitative real time-PCR in fresh-frozen tissue biopsies and was validated by immunohistochemistry in matched formalin fixed-paraffin embedded tissue samples derived from a total of 106 EOC patients and 27 controls. MGB-2 expression was then associated with the clinicopathologic features of the tumors and was correlated with clinical outcome.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>MGB-2 expression was found significantly elevated in EOC compared to normal ovarian controls, both at mRNA and protein level. A good correlation was detected between MGB-2 expression data obtained by the two different techniques. MGB-2 expressing tumors were significantly associated with several clinicopathologic characteristics defining a less aggressive tumor behavior. Univariate survival analysis revealed a decreased risk for cancer-related death, recurrence and disease progression in MGB-2-expressing patients (p < 0.05). Moreover, multivariate analysis indicated that high expression levels of MGB-2 transcript (HR = 0.25, 95%, 0.08–0.75, p = 0.014) as well as positive immunostaining for the protein (HR = 0.41, 95%CI, 0.17–0.99, p = 0.048) had an independent prognostic value for disease-free survival.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>This is the first report documenting that MGB-2 expression characterizes less aggressive forms of EOC and is correlated with a favorable outcome. These findings suggest that the determination of MGB-2, especially at molecular level, in EOC tissue obtained after primary surgery can provide additional prognostic information about the risk of recurrence.</p