Validación experimental y análisis de sensibilidad de un modelo de regeneración uni-dimensional para filtros de partículas diésel

Las restricciones a la emisión de partículas impuestas por las normativas actuales hacen necesario el uso de filtros de partículas diésel (DPF) en la nueva generación de motores diésel turbosobrealimentados. Para un adecuado mantenimiento del DPF es necesario efectuar de forma periódica regeneraciones activas que garanticen la eliminación del hollín acumulado durante su uso normal. Dicha regeneración conlleva un aumento del consumo del motor, por lo que se hace necesario contar con modelos de cálculo computacional que permitan analizar el proceso en detalle y conduzcan al uso de estrategias de regeneración óptimas. En el proyecto propuesto se pretende analizar la influencia que posee sobre el proceso de regeneración la geometría del filtro de partículas en sus macro-, meso- y micro-escalas analizando a su vez el impacto del DPF sobre el consumo especifico del motor.Tarazona Benito, N. (2017). Validación experimental y análisis de sensibilidad de un modelo de regeneración uni-dimensional para filtros de partículas diésel. Universitat Politècnica de València. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/88686TFG

Los sistemas de refinanciación de la deuda aplicados por una entidad bancaria en Valencia. Estudio de casos

[ES] El propósito de este trabajo es exponer cómo la crisis actual que estamos viviendo, ha hecho que las entidades financieras tengan que rediseñar los sistemas de refinanciación y crear nuevas propuestas, para poder paliar la morosidad que se está generando. Las familias y las empresas, afectadas por la situación, están perdiendo el poder adquisitivo del que disponían cuando compraron sus casas y solicitaron sus préstamos, se están quedando sin empleos y sin ingresos recurrentes, con lo que no pueden atender sus obligaciones mensuales. Esto ha generado en las entidades un índice de morosidad nunca antes conocido que las está dejando sin liquidez. Para frenar esta avalancha de clientes que no pueden responder a sus pagos, han diseñado nuevos sistemas de refinanciación y reestructurado los ya existentes, por ello, la finalidad de este trabajo es definir como se estructuran estos sistemas, sus normas y condiciones, en qué casos son aplicables, y poder desglosar sus ventajas e inconvenientes. Para ello, en los capítulos iniciales antes de introducirnos en la parte central del trabajo, hemos expuesto algunos temas importantes, históricos y de conocimientos del entorno, que están relacionados con el tema principal. Al afrontar este tema creo que era necesario conocer temas importantes como el sector financiero de nuestro país, su historia y su situación actual, así como poder ver con la historia de las crisis que lo que está sucediendo actualmente no es único en el tiempo. El objetivo principal es que podamos ver qué sistemas y en qué condiciones son realmente soluciones para la tipología del cliente en cuestión. Saber que según la situación y el problema de cada cliente se debe aplicar un sistema diferente, que no son todos iguales, y que las entidades los han diseñado para solucionar su problema con la morosidad, pero los clientes deben saber que lleva unos gastos y que algunos de ellos tienen consecuencias. Hemos podido observar como algunos de esto sistemas solo tapan el problema temporalmente y con un coste muy elevado para el cliente. Algunos de estos sistemas generan deudas de los clientes con la entidad que difícilmente podrán remontar, pero son sistemas necesarios para poder solucionar los problemas de liquidez tanto de empresas como de particulares. La conclusión principal que podemos resumir es que cuando uno tiene problemas para atender sus pagos y acude a una entidad para refinanciar sus deudas, deben tener muy claro las características, porque son productos a muy largo plazo, para casi toda una vida, y puede ser muy perjudiciales sin no se conocen sus posibilidades. Las entidades deben de ser transparentes y explicar todas sus ventajas e inconvenientes, y los clientes deben informarse bien de qué productos van a firmar.Tarazona Serrador, AN. (2012). LOS SISTEMAS DE REFINANCIACIÓN DE LA DEUDA APLICADOS POR UNA ENTIDAD BANCARIA EN VALENCIA. ESTUDIO DE CASOS. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/27210.Archivo delegad

“Peritaje contable en los procesos de peculado contra la administración pública en la fiscalía anticorrupción Deancash Huaraz en el año 2017”

El presente trabajo de investigación, tuvo por objetivo general determinar la influencia del Peritaje Contable en los Procesos de Peculado Contra la Administración Pública en la Fiscalía Anticorrupción de Ancash-Huaraz en el año 2017, es de enfoque cualitativo el diseño de investigación interpretativo, bajo estudio de caso de temporalidad transversal. La población estuvo conformada por la Fiscalia anticorrupción de Ancash Huaraz Dentro de ello se consideró tres unidades de análisis: 3 Peritos contadores, un fiscal especializado en delitos de corrupción de funcionarios, a quienes se les aplicó la entrevista y 08 carpetas fiscales a las cuales se les aplicó una guía de observación, sobre la eficacia del peritaje contable en los procesos de peculado. A si mismo los resultados obtenidos resultaron que el peritaje contable influyó en gran medida en los procesos de peculado contra la administración pública en la Fiscalía Anticorrupción de Ancash en el año 2017, pues en el reporte emitido por la Fiscalía Anticorrupción se ha verificado que existen 08 procesos con requerimientos de acusación en los cuales se han verificado la existencia de la pericia contable

Will Organoids Fill the Gap towards Functional Precision Medicine?

Precision medicine approaches for solid tumors are mainly based on genomics. Its employment in clinical trials has led to somewhat underwhelming results, except for single responses. Moreover, several factors can influence the response, such as gene and protein expression, the coexistence of different genomic alterations or post-transcriptional/translational modifications, the impact of tumor microenvironment, etc., therefore making it insufficient to employ a genomics-only approach to predict response. Recently, the implementation of patient-derived organoids has shed light on the possibility to use them to predict patient response to drug treatment. This could offer for the first time the possibility to move precision medicine to a functional environment

Current professional standing of young medical oncologists in Spain: a nationwide survey by the Spanish Society of Medical Oncology + MIR section

Job performance; Oncology professionals; Professional standingRendiment laboral; Professionals d'oncologia; Situació professionalDesempeño laboral; Profesionales de oncología; Situación profesionalBackground There is a lack of knowledge about the career paths and employment situation of young medical oncologists. The aim of our study was to evaluate the current professional standing of these professionals in Spain. Methods The Spanish Society of Medical Oncology + MIR section conducted a national online survey in May 2021 of young medical oncology consultants (< 6 years of expertise) and final year medical oncology residents. Results A total of 162 responses were eligible for analysis and included participants from 16 autonomous communities; 64% were women, 80% were consultants, and 20% were residents. More than half of the participants performed routine healthcare activity and only 7% research activity. Almost three quarters (73%) were subspecialized in a main area of interest and almost half of these chose this area because it was the only option available after residency. Half of the respondents (51%) considered working abroad and 81% believed the professional standing in Spain was worse than in other countries. After finishing their residency, only 22 were offered a job at their training hospital. Just 16% of participants had a permanent employment contract and 87% were concerned (score of ≥ 5 on a scale of 1–10) about their job stability. In addition, one quarter of the participants in our study showed an interest in increasing their research activity. Conclusions The choice of subspecialty in medical oncology may depend on job opportunities after residency rather than personal interest. The abundance of temporary contracts may have influenced the job stability concerns observed. Future mentoring strategies should engage in building a long-term career path for young medical oncologists.This project received funding from the Spanish Society of Medical Oncology (SEOM)

Short-term outcomes of colorectal cancer surgery in older patients : a novel nomogram predicting postoperative morbi-mortality

Purpose To analyze short-term outcomes of curative-intent cancer surgery in all adult patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer undergoing surgery from January 2010 to December 2019 and determine risk factors for postoperative complications and mortality. Methods Retrospective study conducted at a single tertiary university institution. Patients were stratified by age into two groups: < 75 years and ≥ 75 years. Primary outcome was the influence of age on 30-day complications and mortality. Inde- pendent risk factors for postoperative adverse events or mortality were analyzed, and two novel nomograms were constructed. Results Of the 1486 patients included, 580 were older (≥ 75 years). Older subjects presented more comorbidities and tumors were located mainly in right colon (45.7%). After matching, no between-group differences in surgical postoperative com- plications were observed. The 30-day mortality rate was 5.3% for the older and 0.8% for the non-older group (p < 0.001). In multivariable analysis, the independent risk factors for postoperative complications were peripheral vascular disease, chronic pulmonary disease, severe liver disease, postoperative transfusion, and surgical approach. Independent risk factors for 30-day mortality were age ≥ 80 years, cerebrovascular disease, severe liver disease, and postoperative transfusion. The model was internally and externally validated, showing high accuracy. Conclusion Patientsaged≥75yearshadsimilarpostoperativecomplicationsbuthigher30-daymortalitythantheiryounger counterparts. Patients with peripheral vascular disease, chronic pulmonary disease, or severe liver disease should be informed of higher postoperative complications. But patients aged ≥ 80 suffering cerebrovascular disease, severe liver disease, or need- ing postoperative transfusion should be warned of significantly increased risk of postoperative mortality

Current professional standing of young medical oncologists in Spain : a nationwide survey by the Spanish Society of Medical Oncology + MIR section

There is a lack of knowledge about the career paths and employment situation of young medical oncologists. The aim of our study was to evaluate the current professional standing of these professionals in Spain. The Spanish Society of Medical Oncology + MIR section conducted a national online survey in May 2021 of young medical oncology consultants (< 6 years of expertise) and final year medical oncology residents. A total of 162 responses were eligible for analysis and included participants from 16 autonomous communities; 64% were women, 80% were consultants, and 20% were residents. More than half of the participants performed routine healthcare activity and only 7% research activity. Almost three quarters (73%) were subspecialized in a main area of interest and almost half of these chose this area because it was the only option available after residency. Half of the respondents (51%) considered working abroad and 81% believed the professional standing in Spain was worse than in other countries. After finishing their residency, only 22 were offered a job at their training hospital. Just 16% of participants had a permanent employment contract and 87% were concerned (score of ≥ 5 on a scale of 1-10) about their job stability. In addition, one quarter of the participants in our study showed an interest in increasing their research activity. The choice of subspecialty in medical oncology may depend on job opportunities after residency rather than personal interest. The abundance of temporary contracts may have influenced the job stability concerns observed. Future mentoring strategies should engage in building a long-term career path for young medical oncologists. The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12094-022-02989-3

Circulating Tumor DNA in Stage III Colorectal Cancer, beyond Minimal Residual Disease Detection, toward Assessment of Adjuvant Therapy Efficacy and Clinical Behavior of Recurrences

PURPOSE: Sensitive methods for risk stratification, monitoring therapeutic efficacy, and early relapse detection may have a major impact on treatment decisions and patient management for stage III colorectal cancer patients. Beyond assessing the predictive power of postoperative ctDNA detection, we explored the added benefits of serial analysis: assessing adjuvant chemotherapy (ACT) efficacy, early relapse detection, and ctDNA growth rates. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: We recruited 168 patients with stage III colorectal cancer treated with curative intent at Danish and Spanish hospitals between 2014 and 2019. To quantify ctDNA in plasma samples (n = 1,204), 16 patient-specific somatic single-nucleotide variants were profiled using multiplex-PCR, next-generation sequencing. RESULTS: Detection of ctDNA was a strong recurrence predictor postoperatively [HR = 7.0; 95% confidence interval (CI), 3.7–13.5; P < 0.001] and directly after ACT (HR = 50.76; 95% CI, 15.4–167; P < 0.001). The recurrence rate of postoperative ctDNA-positive patients treated with ACT was 80% (16/20). Only patients who cleared ctDNA permanently during ACT did not relapse. Serial ctDNA assessment after the end of treatment was similarly predictive of recurrence (HR = 50.80; 95% CI, 14.9–172; P < 0.001), and revealed two distinct rates of exponential ctDNA growth, slow (25% ctDNA-increase/month) and fast (143% ctDNA-increase/month; P < 0.001). The ctDNA growth rate was prognostic of survival (HR = 2.7; 95% CI, 1.1–6.7; P = 0.039). Serial ctDNA analysis every 3 months detected recurrence with a median lead-time of 9.8 months compared with standard-of-care computed tomography. CONCLUSIONS: Serial postoperative ctDNA analysis has a strong prognostic value and enables tumor growth rate assessment. The novel combination of ctDNA detection and growth rate assessment provides unique opportunities for guiding decision-making. See related commentary by Morris and George, p. 43

Long-term platinum-based drug accumulation in cancer-associated fibroblasts promotes colorectal cancer progression and resistance to therapy

A substantial proportion of cancer patients do not benefit from platinum-based chemotherapy (CT) due to the emergence of drug resistance. Here, we apply elemental imaging to the mapping of CT biodistribution after therapy in residual colorectal cancer and achieve a comprehensive analysis of the genetic program induced by oxaliplatin-based CT in the tumor microenvironment. We show that oxaliplatin is largely retained by cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) long time after the treatment ceased. We determine that CT accumulation in CAFs intensifies TGF-beta activity, leading to the production of multiple factors enhancing cancer aggressiveness. We establish periostin as a stromal marker of chemotherapeutic activity intrinsically upregulated in consensus molecular subtype 4 (CMS4) tumors and highly expressed before and/or after treatment in patients unresponsive to therapy. Collectively, our study underscores the ability of CT-retaining CAFs to support cancer progression and resistance to treatment.This work has been supported by grants from Fundación científica AECC -Asociación Española contra el Cáncer- (GCAEC20030CERV) to A.Ce., from Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) co-funded by the European Union (CP16/00151, PI17/00211, PI20/00011; Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness) to A.Ca. and PI20/00625 to P.N., from la Caixa Foundation (LCF/PR/HR19/52160018) and MICINN (PID2020- 119917RB-I00) to E.B., from Spanish Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad (MINECO) and FEDER funds (PID2019-104948RB-I00) to R.R.G. This work was supported by Grant PT20/00023, funded by Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) and co-funded by the European Union, and the Xarxa de Bancs de tumors sponsored by Pla Director d’Oncologia de Catalunya (XBTC). A.Ca. is the recipient of funding from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III co-funded by the European Union (MS16/00151; CPII21/00012). J.L. is the recipient of a Junior Clinician fellowship from Fundación científica AECC (CLJUN19004LINA)

Diseño de una sonda de temperatura de gas de elevada respuesta temporal para mediciones en turbinas

[ES] El aumento del tráfico aéreo conlleva la continua búsqueda de mejoras en la eficiencia de los motores. Dicha eficiencia está directamente relacionada con la temperatura máxima que se puede alcanzar en el proceso de combustión y, por tanto, la temperatura de entrada en la turbina. Las elevadas temperaturas alcanzadas pueden provocar daños en los distintos componentes, de ahí la importancia de la caracterización del flujo en la primera etapa de la turbina de alta presión. En el instituto de investigación von Karman Institute for Fluid Dynamics cuentan con instalaciones que simulan dicha etapa, el VKI CT3 ring. Esta instalación permite reproducir en términos de números de Mach y Reynolds el flujo existente en una etapa de una turbina de alta presión de un motor de aviación moderno. El principal objetivo de esta tesis es el diseño de una sonda capaz de medir la temperatura y sus fluctuaciones asociadas al paso de los álabes en las instalaciones antes descritas para poder llevar a cabo la caracterización del flujo y los distintos fenómenos presentes durante esta etapa. Debido al elevado número de álabes y revoluciones, la respuesta de frecuencia requerida es del orden de 25-50kHz. Tras el estudio de las sondas ya fabricadas y distintos prototipos diseñados se procede con el diseño del prototipo final intentando satisfacer las necesidades establecidas. El diseño completo comprende desde el estudio inicial de dimensionado hasta la configuración de los sensores y análisis del comportamiento térmico de la sonda. La solución final obtenida es un equilibrio entre todos los parámetros y necesidades. Dicha configuración permite la caracterización de la temperatura del flujo en CT3 con un número limitado de medidas. La futura fabricación de la sonda se realizará en los laboratorios del propio instituto.[EN] The increase in air traffic entails the continuous search for improvements in engine efficiency. This efficiency is directly related to the maximum temperature that can be reached in the combustion process and, therefore, the turbine inlet temperature. The high temperatures reached can cause damage to the different components, hence the importance of the flow characterization in the first stage of the high pressure turbine. The von Karman Institute for Fluid Dynamics has facilities that simulate this stage, the VKI CT3 ring. This installation allows to reproduce in terms of Mach and Reynolds numbers the flow existing in a stage of a high-pressure turbine of a modern aviation engine. The main objective of this thesis is the design of a probe capable of measuring the temperature and its fluctuations associated with the passage of the blades in the facilities described above to be able to carry out the characterization of the flow and the different phenomena present during this stage. Due to the high number of blades and revolutions, the required frequency response is of the order of 25-50kHz. After the study of the probes already manufactured and different prototypes designed, the final prototype is designed to meet the established needs. The complete design includes from the initial sizing study to the configuration of the sensors and analysis of the thermal behavior of the probe. The final solution is a balance between all parameters and needs. This configuration allows the characterization of the flow temperature in CT3 with a limited number of measurements. The future manufacturing of the probe will be carried out in the laboratories of the institute itself.Tarazona Benito, N. (2019). Diseño de una sonda de temperatura de gas de elevada respuesta temporal para mediciones en turbinas. Universitat Politècnica de València. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/129127TFG