Catalytic formation of C(sp(3))-F bonds via heterogeneous photocatalysis

Due to their chemical, physical, and biological properties, fluorinated compounds are widely employed throughout society. Yet, despite their critical importance, current methods of introducing fluorine into compounds suffer from severe drawbacks. For example, several methods are noncatalytic and employ stoichiometric equivalents of heavy metals. Existing catalytic methods, on the other hand, exhibit poor activity, generality, selectivity and/or have not been achieved by heterogeneous catalysis, despite the many advantages such an approach would provide. Here, we demonstrate how selective C(sp3)–F bond synthesis can be achieved via heterogeneous photocatalysis. Employing TiO2 as photocatalyst and Selectfluor as mild fluorine donor, effective decarboxylative fluorination of a variety of carboxylic acids can be achieved in very short reaction times. In addition to displaying the highest turnover frequencies of any reported fluorination catalyst to date (up to 1050 h–1), TiO2 also demonstrates excellent levels of durability, and the system is catalytic in the number of photons required; i.e., a photon efficiency greater than 1 is observed. These factors, coupled with the generality and mild nature of the reaction system, represent a breakthrough toward the sustainable synthesis of fluorinated compounds

Morrey type spaces and multiplication operator in Sobolev spaces

The paper deals with the operator $u\rightarrow gu$ defined in the Sobolev space $W^{r,p}(\Omega)$ and which takes values in $L^p(\Omega)$ when $\Omega$ is an unbounded open subset in $R^n$. The functions $g$ belong to wider spaces of $L^p$ connected with the Morrey type spaces. $L^p$ estimates and compactness results are stated

Phenomenological Implications of Supersymmetric Family Non-universal U(1)-prime Models

We construct a class of anomaly-free supersymmetric U(1)' models that are characterized by family non-universal U(1)' charges motivated from E_6 embeddings. The family non-universality arises from an interchange of the standard roles of the two SU(5) 5* representations within the 27 of E_6 for the third generation. We analyze U(1)' and electroweak symmetry breaking and present the particle mass spectrum. The models, which include additional Higgs multiplets and exotic quarks at the TeV scale, result in specific patterns of flavor-changing neutral currents in the b to s transitions that can accommodate the presently observed deviations inthis sector from the SM predictions.Comment: 25 pages, 3 figure

Vector and scalar form factors for K- and D-meson semileptonic decays from twisted mass fermions with Nf = 2

We present lattice results for the form factors relevant in the K -> pion and D -> pion semileptonic decays, obtained from simulations with two flavors of dynamical twisted-mass fermions and pion masses as light as 260 MeV. For K -> pion decays we discuss the estimates of the main sources of systematic uncertainties, including the quenching of the strange quark, leading to our final result f+(0) = 0.9560 (57) (62). Combined with the latest experimental data, our value of f+(0) implies for the CKM matrix element |Vus| the value 0.2267 (5) (20) consistent with the first-row CKM unitarity. For D -> pion decays the application of Heavy Meson Chiral Perturbation Theory allows to extrapolate our results for both the scalar and the vector form factors at the physical point with quite good accuracy, obtaining a nice agreement with the experimental data. In particular at zero-momentum transfer we obtain f+(0) = 0.64 (5).Comment: 8 pages, 4 figures, 1 table, proceedings of the XXVII Int'l Symposium on Lattice Field Theory (LAT2009), July 26-31 2009, Peking University, Beijing (China

\Delta S=2 and \Delta C=2 bag parameters in the SM and beyond from Nf=2+1+1 twisted-mass LQCD

We present unquenched lattice QCD results for the matrix elements of four-fermion operators relevant to the description of the neutral K and D mixing in the Standard Model and its extensions. We have employed simulations with Nf = 2 + 1 + 1 dynamical sea quarks at three values of the lattice spacings in the interval 0.06 - 0.09 fm and pseudoscalar meson masses in the range 210 - 450 MeV. Our results are extrapolated to the continuum limit and to the physical pion mass. Renormalization constants have been determined non-perturbatively in the RI-MOM scheme. In particular, for the Kaon bag-parameter, which is relevant for the \overline{K}^0-K^0 mixing in the Standard Model, we obtain B_K^{RGI} = 0.717(24).Comment: Added comments to error budget discussion; fig.19 corrected. Version to appear in PR

K→πK \to \pi semileptonic form factors with Nf=2+1+1N_f=2+1+1 Twisted Mass fermions

We present a lattice QCD determination of the vector and scalar form factors of the semileptonic $K \to \pi \ell \nu$ decay which are relevant for the extraction of the CKM matrix element $|V_{us}|$ from experimental data. Our results are based on the gauge configurations produced by the European Twisted Mass Collaboration with $N_f = 2+1+1$ dynamical fermions, which include in the sea, besides two light mass degenerate quarks, also the strange and the charm quarks. We use data simulated at three different values of the lattice spacing and with pion masses as small as $210$ MeV. Our final result for the vector form factor at zero momentum transfer is $f_+(0) = 0.9709 (46)$, where the uncertainty is both statistical and systematic combined in quadrature. Using the latest experimental value of $f_+(0) |V_{us}|$ from $K_{\ell 3}$ decays, we obtain $|V_{us}| = 0.2230 (11)$, which allows to test the unitarity constraint of the Standard Model below the permille level once the determination of $|V_{ud}|$ from superallowed nuclear $\beta$ decays is adopted. A slight tension with unitarity at the level of $\sim 2$ standard deviations is observed. Moreover we present our results for the semileptonic scalar $f_0(q^2)$ and vector $f_+(q^2)$ form factors in the whole range of values of the squared four-momentum transfer $q^2$ measured in $K_{\ell 3}$ decays, obtaining a very good agreement with the momentum dependence of the experimental data. We provide a set of synthetic data points representing our results for the vector and scalar form factors at the physical point for several selected values of $q^2$.Comment: 37 pages, 5 tables, 9 figures; version to appear in PR