Frequency selection by soliton excitation in nondegenerate intracavity downconversion

We show that soliton excitation in intracavity downconversion naturally selects a strictly defined frequency difference between the signal and idler fields. In particular, this phenomenon implies that if the signal has smaller losses than the idler then its frequency is pulled away from the cavity resonance and the idler frequency is pulled towards the resonance and {\em vice versa}. The frequency selection is shown to be closely linked with the relative energy balance between the idler and signal fields.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures. To appear in Phys Rev Let

Dire wolves were the last of an ancient New World canid lineage

Dire wolves are considered to be one of the most common and widespread large carnivores in Pleistocene America1, yet relatively little is known about their evolution or extinction. Here, to reconstruct the evolutionary history of dire wolves, we sequenced five genomes from sub-fossil remains dating from 13,000 to more than 50,000 years ago. Our results indicate that although they were similar morphologically to the extant grey wolf, dire wolves were a highly divergent lineage that split from living canids around 5.7 million years ago. In contrast to numerous examples of hybridization across Canidae2,3, there is no evidence for gene flow between dire wolves and either North American grey wolves or coyotes. This suggests that dire wolves evolved in isolation from the Pleistocene ancestors of these species. Our results also support an early New World origin of dire wolves, while the ancestors of grey wolves, coyotes and dholes evolved in Eurasia and colonized North America only relatively recently

An International Study on Psychological Coping During COVID-19: Towards a Meaning-Centered Coping Style

Background/Objective This study examined the role of different psychological coping mechanisms in mental and physical health during the initial phases of the COVID-19 crisis with an emphasis on meaning-centered coping. Method A total of 11,227 people from 30 countries across all continents participated in the study and completed measures of psychological distress (depression, stress, and anxiety), loneliness, well-being, and physical health, together with measures of problem-focused and emotion-focused coping, and a measure called the Meaning-centered Coping Scale (MCCS) that was developed in the present study. Validation analyses of the MCCS were performed in all countries, and data were assessed by multilevel modeling (MLM). Results The MCCS showed a robust one-factor structure in 30 countries with good test-retest, concurrent and divergent validity results. MLM analyses showed mixed results regarding emotion and problem-focused coping strategies. However, the MCCS was the strongest positive predictor of physical and mental health among all coping strategies, independently of demographic characteristics and country-level variables. Conclusions The findings suggest that the MCCS is a valid measure to assess meaning-centered coping. The results also call for policies promoting effective coping to mitigate collective suffering during the pandemic

The Spatial Relationship of Two Species of Marmots: Marmota Kastschenkoi and Marmota Baibacina (Rodentia, Sciuridae)

В настоящее время лесостепному подвиду (Marmota baibacina kastschenkoi) серого сурка (M. baibacina) придается видовой статус (M. kastschenkoi). Возникает вопрос о характере пространственных взаимоотношений между этими двумя формами. Четких сведений по этому поводу в литературе нет, но есть данные о зонах контакта и гибридизации M. baibacina с двумя другими морфологически близкими к нему видами - M. bobak и M. sibirica. В результате анализа литературы выявлена территория между ареалами двух исследуемых форм, для которой не установлен таксономический статус и ландшафтно-биотопическое распределение обитающих здесь сурков. Исследование данного региона позволило выявить территориальный разрыв между границами ареалов двух видов, обусловленный действием эколого-географического фактора. На основе результатов морфологического анализа выборки животных из указанного региона стала понятна их принадлежность к виду M. kastschenkoi и, вместе с тем, южный предел его распространения.At present specialists consider forest-steppe subspecies (Marmota baibacina kastschenkoi) of a gray marmot (M. baibacina) the separate species (M. kastschenkoi). There is appears the question about the character of the spatial relationship between these two forms. There is no accurate data on this point in the literature, at the same time, there is the information about the zones of the contact and hybridization of M. baibacina with other morphologically similar to them species - M. bobak and M. sibirica. Based on the review of the literature, we have revealed the territory between the areas of the two investigated forms for which there is no any information about the taxonomic status and landscape-biotopic distribution of the marmots inhabiting it. The investigation of this region made it possible to establish the territorial gap between the borders of the areas of these two species, the reason of which is the ecology-geographical factor. Basing on the results of the morphological analysis of the mammals of the mentioned region we established their belonging to the species of M. kastschenkoi and the southern bound of its distribution

The Spatial Relationship of Two Species of Marmots: Marmota Kastschenkoi and Marmota Baibacina (Rodentia, Sciuridae)

В настоящее время лесостепному подвиду (Marmota baibacina kastschenkoi) серого сурка (M. baibacina) придается видовой статус (M. kastschenkoi). Возникает вопрос о характере пространственных взаимоотношений между этими двумя формами. Четких сведений по этому поводу в литературе нет, но есть данные о зонах контакта и гибридизации M. baibacina с двумя другими морфологически близкими к нему видами - M. bobak и M. sibirica. В результате анализа литературы выявлена территория между ареалами двух исследуемых форм, для которой не установлен таксономический статус и ландшафтно-биотопическое распределение обитающих здесь сурков. Исследование данного региона позволило выявить территориальный разрыв между границами ареалов двух видов, обусловленный действием эколого-географического фактора. На основе результатов морфологического анализа выборки животных из указанного региона стала понятна их принадлежность к виду M. kastschenkoi и, вместе с тем, южный предел его распространения.At present specialists consider forest-steppe subspecies (Marmota baibacina kastschenkoi) of a gray marmot (M. baibacina) the separate species (M. kastschenkoi). There is appears the question about the character of the spatial relationship between these two forms. There is no accurate data on this point in the literature, at the same time, there is the information about the zones of the contact and hybridization of M. baibacina with other morphologically similar to them species - M. bobak and M. sibirica. Based on the review of the literature, we have revealed the territory between the areas of the two investigated forms for which there is no any information about the taxonomic status and landscape-biotopic distribution of the marmots inhabiting it. The investigation of this region made it possible to establish the territorial gap between the borders of the areas of these two species, the reason of which is the ecology-geographical factor. Basing on the results of the morphological analysis of the mammals of the mentioned region we established their belonging to the species of M. kastschenkoi and the southern bound of its distribution

Replication data for: Thrombodynamics – a New Global Hemostasis Assay for Heparin Monitoring in Patients under the Anticoagulant Treatment

Here we deposit the data on coagulation assays results of 250 patients enrolled in the study by Balandina et al. "Thrombodynamics – a New Global Hemostasis Assay for Heparin Monitoring in Patients under the Anticoagulant Treatment

Thrombodynamics—A new global hemostasis assay for heparin monitoring in patients under the anticoagulant treatment

<div><p>Background</p><p>Heparin therapy and prophylaxis may be accompanied by bleeding and thrombotic complications due to individual responses to treatment. Dosage control based on standard laboratory assays poorly reflects the effect of the therapy. The aim of our work was to compare the heparin sensitivity of new thrombodynamics (TD) assay with sensitivity of other standard and global coagulation tests available to date.</p><p>Study population and methods</p><p>A total of 296 patients with high risk of venous thromboembolism (deep vein thrombosis (DVT), early postoperative period, hemoblastosis) were enrolled in the study. We used a case-crossover design to evaluate the sensitivity of new thrombodynamics assay (TD) to the hemostatic state before and after unfractionated heparin (UFH) and low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) therapy/prophylaxis and to compare it with the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), anti-Xa activity test, thrombin generation test (TGT) and thromboelastography (TEG). A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to evaluate changes before and after heparin prophylaxis and therapy. Blood was sampled before heparin injection, at the time of maximal blood heparin concentration and before the next injection.</p><p>Results</p><p>Hypercoagulation before the start of heparin treatment was detected by TD, TGT and TEG but not by APTT. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) was maximal for TD and anti-Xa, intermediate for TGT and TEG and minimal for APTT.</p><p>Conclusions</p><p>These results indicate that TD has a high sensitivity to the effects of UFH and LMWH after both prophylactic and therapeutic regimes and may be used for heparin monitoring.</p></div

Characteristics of patients.

<p>Characteristics of patients.</p

APTT vs TD parameters before heparin treatment.

<p>(A) APTT and (B) V in TD before heparin treatment in groups: healthy volunteers (control group), group 1, group 2 and group 3. The box plots indicate the following parameters: the mean value (the dot inside the box), the median (the horizontal line inside the box), the 25th and 75th percentiles (the bottom and top of the box, respectively) and the 5th and 95th percentiles (the ends of the whiskers). * indicates a significant difference from healthy volunteers group (p<0.01, Mann-Whitney test).</p

TGT vs TD before heparin treatment.

<p>(A) ETP in TGT and (B) V in TD before heparin treatment in groups: healthy volunteers (control group), group 1, group 2) and group 3. The box plots indicate the following parameters: the mean value (the dot inside the box), the median (the horizontal line inside the box), the 25th and 75th percentiles (the bottom and top of the box, respectively) and the 5th and 95th percentiles (the ends of the whiskers). * indicates a significant difference from healthy volunteers group (p<0.01, Mann-Whitney test).</p