The spatial model of the classroom and its immediate surroundings: A variety of learning spaces

This paper looks into the spatial dispositions of the classroom and its immediate surroundings in elementary schools, with the goal of defining a broad learning space, in accordance with modern intentions in pedagogy. The starting assumption is that the learning space may offer versatility and a variety of options in the educational process. In the development of the spatial model two key contributing factors have been taken into account: the implications of the modern educational process and potential spatial characteristics. Various levels of spatial interrelationship are considered between the classroom and the adjacent classroom, the break-out space, communication area, social activity zones, and the outdoor classroom. Accordingly, by using the modelling method, a conceptual spatial model of the classroom and its immediate surroundings is defined such that it can receive specific applications in the design of elementary schools

The spatial model of the classroom and its immediate surroundings: A variety of learning spaces

This paper looks into the spatial dispositions of the classroom and its immediate surroundings in elementary schools, with the goal of defining a broad learning space, in accordance with modern intentions in pedagogy. The starting assumption is that the learning space may offer versatility and a variety of options in the educational process. In the development of the spatial model two key contributing factors have been taken into account: the implications of the modern educational process and potential spatial characteristics. Various levels of spatial interrelationship are considered between the classroom and the adjacent classroom, the break-out space, communication area, social activity zones, and the outdoor classroom. Accordingly, by using the modelling method, a conceptual spatial model of the classroom and its immediate surroundings is defined such that it can receive specific applications in the design of elementary schools

Amplification of Cycline D1, C-Myc and Egfr Oncogenes in Tumour Samples of Breast Cancer Patients

Background: Breast cancer is the most common form of cancer in women. It arises from multiple genetic changes in oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. Among so far studied oncogenes relatively few, including epdermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), cyclinD1 (CCND1) and c-myc, have been found to play an important role in progression of this type of human malignancy. The aim of this study was to examine the prognostic potential of CCND1, c-myc and EGFR amplification and their possible cooperation in breast carcinogenesis. Methods: Copy number analyses of CCND1 and c-myc genes were done by TaqMan based quantitative real time PCR. Amplification status of EGFR was determined by differential PCR. Results: Amplification of CCND1, c-myc and EGFR oncogene has been found in 20.4%, 26.5% and 26.5% of breast cancer cases, respectively. Analysis showed that amplification of CCND1 oncogene was significantly associated with the stage II of disease while amplification of EGFR gene was significantly associated with overexpression of HER-2/neu. Tumour stage and expression of HER-2/neu appeared to be significant predictors of patients outcome. Stage I patients lived significantly longer then stage III patients (p=0.04) while patients with HER-2/neu overexpression had worse prognoses and lived significantly shorter (p=0.001). Finally, survival of patients who underwent hormone therapy only was significantly longer (p=0.001) then survival of the rest of patients. Conclusions: Amplification of CCND1 or EGFR oncogene is associated with the progression of breast cancer and bad prognosis. No co-ordination in amplification of CCND1, c-myc and EGFR oncogenes were established in this cohort of breast cancer patients

Adsorption of anthraquinone dye acid violet 09 from aqueous solution using synthesized alumina-iron oxide doped particles

One of the promising methods for wastewater treatment is adsorption. This study investigated the adsorption of anthraquinone dye Acid violet 109 from water solution using the alumina- iron oxide doped particles prepared by sol-gel method and sintered at 800 °C. The adsorbent morphology and distribution of diameter of the particles were revealed by Scanning Electron Microscopy and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy. In the second part, the effect of initial dye's and adsorbent's concentrations and pH value on dye adsorption was studied. Also, the kinetic study of dye adsorption covers the pseudo-second-order and intra-particle diffusion. The change of AV 109 concentration during the adsorption was followed using the UV-Visible spectrophotometer. The adsorption kinetics is in accordance with the pseudo-second-order kinetics model. After 60 minutes of treatment, at the initial dye's concentration of treatment, at the initial dye's concentration of 50 mg dm–3 using the alumina-iron doped particles adsorption efficiency was 51.3% and the value of adsorption capacity is 2.64 mg g –1. The adsorption rate was 0.122 g mg–1 min–1

Using magnesium ferrite catalyst for degradation of acid violet 109 from aqueous solution by heterogeneous Fenton process

Organic pollutants and their residues formed after various technological processes can be found all around us (in soil, watercourses, and air). The textile wastewaters contain many hazardous substances which have carcinogenic and mutagenic effects on living organisms. The study divides into two parts; the first part is dedicated to the synthesis and characterization of catalysts, and the second part describes the decolorization of AV 109 solution by the heterogeneous Fenton process using magnesium ferrite as a catalyst. The catalysts are synthesized by the sol-gel technique and sintered at different temperatures (500, 600, and 700 °C). Scanning Electron Microscopy reveals the morphological structure of the ferrite-based catalysts, and the size and form of the used catalysts can describe using some shape factors. Elemental analysis of the supported catalyst surfaces revealed by Scanning Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy. The effect of dye's, hydrogen peroxide's and catalyst's concentrations, pH value, and type of catalyst, on dye removal by the Fenton process was studied. The change of AV 109 concentration during the decolorization was followed using the UV-Visible spectrophotometer

The impact of PTEN tumor suppressor gene on acquiring resistance to tamoxifen treatment in breast cancer patients

Tamoxifen is a standard therapeutical treatment in patients with estrogen receptor positive breast carcinoma. However, less than 50% of estrogen receptor positive breast cancers do not respond to tamoxifen treatment whereas 40% of tumors that initially respond to treatment develop resistance over time. The underlying mechanisms for tamoxifen resistance are probably multifactorial but remain largely unknown. The primary aim of this study was to investigate the impact of PTEN tumor suppressor gene on acquiring resistance to tamoxifen by analyzing loss of heterozygosity (LOH) and immunohystochemical expression of PTEN in 49 primary breast carcinomas of patients treated with tamoxifen as the only adjuvant therapy. The effect of PTEN inactivation on breast cancer progression and disease outcome was also analyzed. Reduced or completely lost PTEN expression was observed in 55.1% of samples, while 63.3% of samples displayed LOH of PTEN gene. Inactivation of PTEN immunoexpression significantly correlated with the PTEN loss of heterozygosity, suggesting LOH as the most important genetic mechanism for the reduction or complete loss of PTEN expression in primary breast carcinoma. Most importantly, LOH of PTEN and consequential reduction of its immunoexpression showed significant correlation with the recurrence of the disease. Besides, our study revealed that LOH of PTEN tumor suppressor was significantly associated with shorter disease free survival, breast cancer specific survival and overall survival. In summary, our results imply that LOH of PTEN could be used as a good prognostic characteristic for the outcome of breast cancer patients treated with tamoxifen

Analysis of using biomass in hotel 'Termag' on Jahorina

Hoteli predstavljaju značajne potrošače energije, pa je sve veće interesovanje za primenu alternativnih izvora u toj oblasti. Hotele u zimskim turističkim centrima karakteriše velika potreba zatoplotnom energijom koja se, uglavnom, dobija iz fosilnih goriva. Postojeće termotehničke instalacije analiziranog objekta su konvencionalnog tipa: toplota za sve potrebe (radijatorsko i podno grejanje, ventilacija, zagrevanje sanitarne vode, bazenske vode) obezbeđuje se iz centralne kotlarnice sa dva toplovodna kotla koji kao primarno gorivo koriste tečni gas (propan-butan), a kao rezervu lako lož ulje. Razmatrana je mogućnost zamene fosilnih goriva obnovljivim izvorima energije - drvnom biomasom. Analizirana je upotreba drveta u obliku cepanica, peleta, briketa i sečke. Kao optimalno rešenje usvojeno je kotlovsko postrojenje koje koristi sečku. Prikazan je način rada kotla i prateće opreme. Na osnovu tržišnih cena opreme i energenata urađeno je poređenje sistema koje koristi fosilna goriva i postrojenja koje bi radilo na sečku.Investicija u kotao za sagorevanje sečke kapaciteta 800 kW sa svom potrebnom opremom u kotlarnici, uključujući i postrojenje za proizvodnju sečke, isplatila bi se za približno 4,5 godine.Hotels represent significant energy consumers, so there is growing interest in application of alternate energy sources in that sector. During winter tourist season, hotels have intense demand for heat, which is mostly gained from fossil fuels. Existing HVC installation of the analyzed object are conventional: heat for all purposes (radiator and floor heating, ventilation, sanitary hot water, swimming pool water) is provided by central boiler station with two hot water boilers which use liquid gas (propane-butane), and oil as reserve fuel. In this paper, it is discussed possibility of replacing fossil fuel with renewable energy sources - wood biomass. It is analyzed using of wood logs, pellets, briquettes, and wood chips. As optimal solution, boiler which uses wood chips is proposed. It is shown operation of boiler and accessories. Based on market prices of equipment and energy sources, it is done comparison of fossil fuel system and system which uses wood chips. Payback period for investment in boiler using wood chips (capacity of 800 kW) with all auxiliary equipment, would be 4,5 years

Molecular signature of response to preoperative radiotherapy in locally advanced breast cancer

BACKGROUND: Radiation therapy is an indispensable part of various treatment modalities for breast cancer. Specifically, for non-inflammatory locally advanced breast cancer (LABC) patients, preoperative radiotherapy (pRT) is currently indicated as a second line therapy in the event of lack of response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Still approximately one third of patients fails to respond favourably to pRT. The aim of this study was to explore molecular mechanisms underlying differential response to radiotherapy (RT) to identify predictive biomarkers and potential targets for increasing radiosensitivity. METHODS: The study was based on a cohort of 134 LABC patients, treated at the Institute of Oncology and Radiology of Serbia (IORS) with pRT, without previous or concomitant systemic therapy. Baseline transcriptional profiles were established using Agilent 60 K microarray platform in a subset of 23 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) LABC tumour samples of which 11 radiotherapy naïve and 3 post-radiotherapy samples passed quality control and were used for downstream analysis. Biological networks and signalling pathways underlying differential response to RT were identified using Ingenuity Pathways Analysis software. Predictive value of candidate genes in the preoperative setting was further validated by qRT-PCR in an independent subset of 60 LABC samples of which 42 had sufficient quality for data analysis, and in postoperative setting using microarray data from 344 node-negative breast cancer patients (Erasmus cohort, GSE2034 and GSE5327) treated either with surgery only (20%) or surgery with RT (80%). RESULTS: We identified 192 significantly differentially expressed genes (FDR < 0.10) between pRT-responsive and non-responsive tumours, related to regulation of cellular development, growth and proliferation, cell cycle control of chromosomal replication, glucose metabolism and NAD biosynthesis II route. APOA1, MAP3K4, and MMP14 genes were differentially expressed (FDR < 0.20) between pRT responders and non-responders in preoperative setting, while MAP3K4 was further validated as RT-specific predictive biomarker of distant metastasis free survival (HR = 2.54, [95%CI:1.42-4.55], p = 0.002) in the postoperative setting. CONCLUSIONS: This study pinpoints MAP3K4 as a putative biomarker of response to RT in both preoperative and postoperative settings and a potential target for radiosensitising combination therapy, warranting further pre-clinical studies and prospective clinical validation

Analysis of using biomass in hotel 'Termag' on Jahorina

Hoteli predstavljaju značajne potrošače energije, pa je sve veće interesovanje za primenu alternativnih izvora u toj oblasti. Hotele u zimskim turističkim centrima karakteriše velika potreba zatoplotnom energijom koja se, uglavnom, dobija iz fosilnih goriva. Postojeće termotehničke instalacije analiziranog objekta su konvencionalnog tipa: toplota za sve potrebe (radijatorsko i podno grejanje, ventilacija, zagrevanje sanitarne vode, bazenske vode) obezbeđuje se iz centralne kotlarnice sa dva toplovodna kotla koji kao primarno gorivo koriste tečni gas (propan-butan), a kao rezervu lako lož ulje. Razmatrana je mogućnost zamene fosilnih goriva obnovljivim izvorima energije - drvnom biomasom. Analizirana je upotreba drveta u obliku cepanica, peleta, briketa i sečke. Kao optimalno rešenje usvojeno je kotlovsko postrojenje koje koristi sečku. Prikazan je način rada kotla i prateće opreme. Na osnovu tržišnih cena opreme i energenata urađeno je poređenje sistema koje koristi fosilna goriva i postrojenja koje bi radilo na sečku.Investicija u kotao za sagorevanje sečke kapaciteta 800 kW sa svom potrebnom opremom u kotlarnici, uključujući i postrojenje za proizvodnju sečke, isplatila bi se za približno 4,5 godine.Hotels represent significant energy consumers, so there is growing interest in application of alternate energy sources in that sector. During winter tourist season, hotels have intense demand for heat, which is mostly gained from fossil fuels. Existing HVC installation of the analyzed object are conventional: heat for all purposes (radiator and floor heating, ventilation, sanitary hot water, swimming pool water) is provided by central boiler station with two hot water boilers which use liquid gas (propane-butane), and oil as reserve fuel. In this paper, it is discussed possibility of replacing fossil fuel with renewable energy sources - wood biomass. It is analyzed using of wood logs, pellets, briquettes, and wood chips. As optimal solution, boiler which uses wood chips is proposed. It is shown operation of boiler and accessories. Based on market prices of equipment and energy sources, it is done comparison of fossil fuel system and system which uses wood chips. Payback period for investment in boiler using wood chips (capacity of 800 kW) with all auxiliary equipment, would be 4,5 years

Supplementary data for the article: Jadranin, M.; Pešić, M.; Aljančić, I. S.; Milosavljević, S. M.; Todorović, N. M.; Podolski-Renić, A.; Banković, J.; Tanić, N.; Marković, I.; Vajs, V. E.; et al. Jatrophane Diterpenoids from the Latex of Euphorbia Dendroides and Their Anti-P-Glycoprotein Activity in Human Multi-Drug Resistant Cancer Cell Lines. Phytochemistry 2013, 86, 208–217. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2012.09.003

Supplementary material for: [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2012.09.003]Relate to published version: [http://cherry.chem.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/1585