Diversified pattern of the human colorectal cancer microbiome

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study is to expand existing knowledge about the CRC-associated microbiome among Han Chinese, and to further discover the variation pattern of the human CRC microbiome across all population. FINDINGS: Using pyrosequencing-based molecular monitoring of bacterial 16S rRNA gene from eight tumor/normal tissue pairs of eight Chinese CRC patients, we analyzed and characterized the basic features of the CRC-associated microbiome. Firstly, we discovered an increasing diversity among tumor-associated bacterial communities. Secondly, in 50% of Chinese CRC patients, we found a significant increase of Roseburia (P = 0.017), and a concurrent decrease of both Microbacterium (P = 0.009) and Anoxybacillus (P = 0.009) in tumor tissue. CONCLUSIONS: We discovered a novel CRC microbiome pattern in Chinese. Both the over-represented Roseburia bacteria at tumor sites and the over-represented Microbacterium and Anoxybacillus bacteria away from tumor sites were both closely related in Chinese CRC patients. Across several populations reported in this study and previously, we observed both common and distinctive patterns of human CRC microbiome’s association with a high-risk of CRC

Oxytocin infusion dose-response to maintain uterine tone in obese elective cesarean patients: a randomized controlled trial

BackgroundFor cesarean delivery (CD), the 90% effective dosage (ED90) of oxytocin for a first bolus has been established. It is not yet known how much oxytocin to inject into obese women undergoing elective discectomy to keep their uterine tone (UT) appropriate. We hypothesized that patients who are overweight need a greater dose of oxytocin infusion; thus, we aimed to determine how the dose-response curve for oxytocin infusion changes following an initial 1 international unit (IU) bolus in obese women undergoing elective CD.MethodsOne hundred parturients with a body mass index (BMI) greater than 30 kg/m2 were randomly assigned to receive an infusion rate of 14, 18, 22, or 26 IU/h of oxytocin. When the uterine palpation is as hard as touching the forehead or tip of the nose, it is considered sufficient UT according to the criteria used by obstetricians. The median effective dose (ED50) and ED90 values were determined using probit analysis.ResultsWe found the ED50 and ED90 values for the infusion dose of oxytocin were around 11.0 IU/h and 19.1 IU/h, respectively. Each group had a different number of parturients who needed rescued oxytocin: 14 IU/h for six, 18 IU/h for three, one for 22 IU/h, and none for 26 IU/h. The correlation between the frequency of rescued oxytocin administration and the amount of oxytocin infusion needed to avoid uterine atony was statistically significant (p = 0.02).ConclusionThe present research showed that the most effective dosage of oxytocin infusion for obese parturients undergoing elective CD is 19.1 IU/h, following an initial loading dose of 1 IU. Patients with obesity should receive a greater dosage of prophylactic oxytocin, and further studies comparing patients with and without obesity (with higher BMI) are required.Clinical Trial Registrationhttps://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.html?proj=159951, identifier ChiCTR2200059582

A Study of Differences in Sentential Characteristics of Japanese Language Teaching in Colleges and Universities Based on Semantic Contrastive Analysis

Colleges and universities actively carry out Japanese language teaching courses to promote the friendly cooperation and communication between China and Japan. However, improving students’ Japanese intercultural communication ability still faces specific difficulties and practical obstacles due to cultural differences. In this paper, firstly, a Japanese language teaching corpus is collected based on Python technology to establish a Japanese language teaching corpus, based on which a Japanese language flipped classroom teaching model is constructed in colleges and universities. Secondly, to understand the semantic distribution of Japanese vocabulary in the Japanese teaching corpus, the Hidden Markov Model is used to semantically segment Japanese language, and the attention mechanism based on categories is used to extract and classify the textual features of the Japanese corpus. Finally, the model’s teaching effect and sentence features are analyzed using University of N as an example. The results show that after the teaching experiment, the average score of Japanese application proficiency of the experimental class is 86.57, which is 14.495% higher than that of the control class. 22.52% of the sentence length frequency ratios in spoken corpora were distributed in the [10,20] range, and the highest values of sentence length frequency ratios in written corpora, academic corpora, and policy corpora fell in the range of 20-30. Teaching Japanese language in higher education needs to target the lexical meanings of different sentence lengths to help students improve their Japanese language application skills

Diversified and Innovative Practices of Japanese Language Teaching Based on Multi-Cohort Structural Modeling

The traditional teaching mode can no longer meet the diversified needs of current students, so exploring effective teaching methods has become an important issue in education. Language education, particularly Japanese language teaching, is facing unprecedented challenges and opportunities due to globalization. The technique of multi-group structural modeling is used to explore the diversified and innovative practices of Japanese language teaching in this paper. The study analyzes the perceived differences between different groups of students in learning Japanese, and discusses the key factors that affect the effectiveness of learning Japanese. The study utilizes accurate survey data and incorporates teacher-student support, teaching conditions, teacher quality, and language atmosphere. These factors greatly influenced Japanese language learning outcomes, with teacher and student support being the most prominent factor, which explained 22% of the variance in learning outcomes. Structural equation modeling analysis further verified the positive influence of teaching conditions and teacher literacy on teaching satisfaction. The study verified the validity of multicluster structural modeling in the practice of Japanese language teaching innovation through the comparative experiments between the experimental class and the control class, in which the experimental class’s performance in Japanese intensive reading was higher than that of the control class after adopting the innovative teaching path. So, the diversified and creative practice of teaching Japanese based on the multicluster structural model improves students’ learning effectiveness and teaching satisfaction

DEVELOPMENT OF A LC/MS/MS ENZYME METHOD FOR N8 - ACETYLSPERMIDINE MEASUREMENTS IN ENZYME ASSAYS

This thesis describes the development of a way to study the N8 - acetylspermidine deacetylase enzyme activity. The method created in this thesis emphasizes sensitivity, accuracy and safety. In this study, HeLa cells were cultured and extracted to yield a crude N8 - acetylspermidine deacetylase enzyme mixture. By measuring the decrease of N8 - acetylspermidine and the increase of spetmidine, N8 -acetylspermidine deacetylase enzyme activity can be determined using either a Varian 1200L LC/MS/MS or an API 3000 LC-ES (+)/MS/MS. An acetylation-derivatization method was developed because N8 -acetylspermidine and spermidine are hard to purify from a biological sample since they are not retained on a CIS solid phase extraction column or on a RP HPLC (high performance liquid chromatography) reverse phase column due to their small molecular weight and high polarity. The quantitation of N8 -acetylspem1indine over the range 2ng/ul to 5pg/ul was fit by linear regression as y = 1.064x + 0.218 with an R-squared value of 0.9996, where y is the peak area of the fragment-ion SRM (selected reaction monitoring: m/z: 188/114) chromatograms from N8 -acetylspermindine and x is the concentration of N8 - acetylspermindine. Acetylation of spermidine (SPD) and N8-acetylspermidine (N8AcSPD) with d6-acetic anhydride produces the d9 labeled triacetylated derivative of SPD and d6 labled triacetylated spermidine derivative of N8AcSPD. These triacetylated forms are retained on a C18 column. MS/MS gives characteristic m/z fragment ions for the derivatized species: N8AcSPD (278 to 215), NlAcSPD (278 to 218) and SPD (281 to 218). The fragment-ion SRM (selected reaction monitoring) chromatograms are used for the quantitation. A plot of peak area ratios for known mixtures of N8AcSPD and total SPD versus the molar ratios of N8AcSPD and total SPD was found to fit a linear regression line withy= 0.705x + 0.035 with an R-squared value of 0.9919. Quantitation of d6- and dg-tri-acetylspermidine by LC/MS/MS is possible at the low levels of materials found in cell extracts since the separation method results in a lower limit of quantitation. This approach enables the study of N8 - acetylspermidine deacetylase enzyme activity

DEVELOPMENT OF A LC/MS/MS ENZYME METHOD FOR N8 - ACETYLSPERMIDINE MEASUREMENTS IN ENZYME ASSAYS

This thesis describes the development of a way to study the N8 - acetylspermidine deacetylase enzyme activity. The method created in this thesis emphasizes sensitivity, accuracy and safety. In this study, HeLa cells were cultured and extracted to yield a crude N8 - acetylspermidine deacetylase enzyme mixture. By measuring the decrease of N8 - acetylspermidine and the increase of spetmidine, N8 -acetylspermidine deacetylase enzyme activity can be determined using either a Varian 1200L LC/MS/MS or an API 3000 LC-ES (+)/MS/MS. An acetylation-derivatization method was developed because N8 -acetylspermidine and spermidine are hard to purify from a biological sample since they are not retained on a CIS solid phase extraction column or on a RP HPLC (high performance liquid chromatography) reverse phase column due to their small molecular weight and high polarity. The quantitation of N8 -acetylspem1indine over the range 2ng/ul to 5pg/ul was fit by linear regression as y = 1.064x + 0.218 with an R-squared value of 0.9996, where y is the peak area of the fragment-ion SRM (selected reaction monitoring: m/z: 188/114) chromatograms from N8 -acetylspermindine and x is the concentration of N8 - acetylspermindine. Acetylation of spermidine (SPD) and N8-acetylspermidine (N8AcSPD) with d6-acetic anhydride produces the d9 labeled triacetylated derivative of SPD and d6 labled triacetylated spermidine derivative of N8AcSPD. These triacetylated forms are retained on a C18 column. MS/MS gives characteristic m/z fragment ions for the derivatized species: N8AcSPD (278 to 215), NlAcSPD (278 to 218) and SPD (281 to 218). The fragment-ion SRM (selected reaction monitoring) chromatograms are used for the quantitation. A plot of peak area ratios for known mixtures of N8AcSPD and total SPD versus the molar ratios of N8AcSPD and total SPD was found to fit a linear regression line withy= 0.705x + 0.035 with an R-squared value of 0.9919. Quantitation of d6- and dg-tri-acetylspermidine by LC/MS/MS is possible at the low levels of materials found in cell extracts since the separation method results in a lower limit of quantitation. This approach enables the study of N8 - acetylspermidine deacetylase enzyme activity

Cascade self-splitting of a Hermite-cos-Gaussian correlated Schell-model beam

We propose a new kind of partially coherent beam with a nonconventional correlation function termed as Hermite-cos-Gaussian correlated Schell-model (HcGCSM) beam. The propagation properties of this novel model beam are investigated. It is found that the HcGCSM beam exhibits cascade self-splitting properties on propagation in free space, i.e., the initial single beam spot is proved to be successively split for two times during the whole propagation. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the cascade self-splitting phenomenon can be closely controlled through modulating the spectral degree of coherence of a HcGCSM beam in the source plane

Propagation Property of an Astigmatic sin–Gaussian Beam in a Strongly Nonlocal Nonlinear Media

Based on the Snyder and Mitchell model, a closed-form propagation expression of astigmatic sin-Gaussian beams through strongly nonlocal nonlinear media (SNNM) is derived. The evolutions of the intensity distributions and the corresponding wave front dislocations are discussed analytically and numerically. It is generally proved that the light field distribution varies periodically with the propagation distance. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that the astigmatism and edge dislocation nested in the initial sin-Gaussian beams greatly influence the pattern configurations and phase singularities during propagation. In particular, it is found that, when the beam parameters are properly selected, a vortex beam with perfect doughnut-shaped profile can be obtained for astigmatic sin-Gaussian beams with two-lobe pattern propagating in SNNM

An AST-ELM Method for Eliminating the Influence of Charging Phenomenon on ECT

Electrical capacitance tomography (ECT) is a promising imaging technology of permittivity distributions in multiphase flow. To reduce the effect of charging phenomenon on ECT measurement, an improved extreme learning machine method combined with adaptive soft-thresholding (AST-ELM) is presented and studied for image reconstruction. This method can provide a nonlinear mapping model between the capacitance values and medium distributions by using machine learning but not an electromagnetic-sensitive mechanism. Both simulation and experimental tests are carried out to validate the performance of the presented method, and reconstructed images are evaluated by relative error and correlation coefficient. The results have illustrated that the image reconstruction accuracy by the proposed AST-ELM method has greatly improved than that by the conventional methods under the condition with charging object