57 research outputs found
A randomized controlled trial of amyloid positron emission tomography results disclosure in mild cognitive impairment
IntroductionRecent studies suggest that Alzheimerâs disease (AD) biomarker disclosure has no discernable psychological impact on cognitively healthy persons. Far less is known about how such results affect symptomatic individuals and their caregivers.MethodsRandomized controlled trial of 82 mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patient and caregiver dyads (total n = 164) to determine the effect of receiving amyloid positron emission tomography results on understanding of, and perceived efficacy to cope with, MCI over 52 weeks of followâup.ResultsGains in the primary outcomes were not consistently observed. Amyloid negative patients reported greater perceived ambiguity regarding MCI at followâup, while moderate and sustained emotional distress was observed in patients, and to a lesser extent, caregivers, of those who were amyloid positive. There was no corresponding increase in depressive symptoms.DiscussionThese findings point to the possibility that both MCI patients and caregivers may need emotional support after the disclosure of amyloid scan results.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/163444/2/alz12129_am.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/163444/1/alz12129.pd
How does gender influence the recognition of cardiovascular risk and adherence to self-care recommendations? : a study in polish primary care
Background:
Studies have shown a correlation between gender and an ability to change lifestyle to reduce the risk of disease. However, the results of these studies are ambiguous, especially where a healthy lifestyle is concerned. Additionally, health behaviors are strongly modified by culture and the environment. Psychological factors also substantially affect engagement with disease-related lifestyle interventions. This study aimed to examine whether there are differences between men and women in the frequency of health care behavior for the purpose of reducing cardiovascular risk (CVR), as well as cognitive appraisal of this type of risk. We also aimed to identify the psychological predictors of engaging in recommended behavior for reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease after providing information about this risk in men and women.
Methods:
A total of 134 consecutive eligible patients in a family practice entered a longitudinal study. At initial consultation, the individualâs CVR and associated health burden was examined, and preventive measures were recommended by the physician. Self-care behavior, cognitive appraisal of risk, and coping styles were then assessed using psychological questionnaires. Six months after the initial data collection, the frequency of subjectsâ self-care behavior was examined.
Results:
We found an increase in health care behavior after providing information regarding the rate of CVR in both sexes; this increase was greater for women than for men. Women followed self-care guidelines more often than men, particularly for preventive measures and dietary advice. Women were more inclined to recognize their CVR as a challenge. Coping style, cognitive appraisal, age, level of health behaviors at baseline and CVR values accounted for 48% of the variance in adherence to self-care guidelines in women and it was 52% in men. In women, total risk of CVD values were most important, while in men, cognitive appraisal of harm/loss was most important.
Conclusions:
Different predictors of acquisition of health behavior are encountered in men and women. Our results suggest that gender-adjusted motivation models influencing the recognition process need to be considered to optimize compliance in patients with CVR
Factors contributing to posttraumatic growth and its buffering effect in adult chidren of cancer patients undergoing treatment
This study examined relationships among demographic, clinical,
and psychosocial variables in adult children of cancer patients.
Two hundred and fourteen participants completed measures of
posttraumatic growth (PTG), distress, posttraumatic stress disorder
(PTSD) symptoms, social support, and family functioning. Significant
gender differences in all PTG dimensions were found, as well
as associations among PTG, gender, parental dependency, distress,
PTSD, and family functioning. Social support was not a mediator
in the relationship between gender and PTG. Gender, education,
disease duration, dependency, distress, and family flexibility predicted
PTG. Finally, PTG had amoderating effect in the relationship
between distress and PTSD/social support. These results may guide
psychosocial interventions in this population.Fundação para a CiĂȘncia e Tecnologia (FCT
Being Mumâs Confidant, a Boon or Bane? Examining Gender Differences in the Association of Maternal Disclosure with Adolescentsâ Depressive Feelings
This article reports on a longitudinal study investigating gender differences in the association between maternal disclosure and adolescentsâ depressive symptoms. Little research has examined the relationship of parental disclosure to adolescentsâ depressive symptoms and research on sex differences is particularly lacking. In a sample of 428 families with a mean age of 13.36 (52% female) of the target adolescents, maternal and childrenâs disclosure and depressive symptoms were assessed twice with an interval of 4Â years. Controlling for the quality of the parentâchild relationship and levels of maternal depressive symptoms, the analyses revealed an interaction effect for childâs gender, moderating the effect of maternal disclosure on adolescentsâ depressive symptoms. Higher levels of maternal disclosure were accompanied by lower levels of depressive symptoms in girls and higher levels of depressive symptoms in boys. Gender differences in socialization, communication, individuation and social networks might explain why daughters and sons are differently affected by maternal disclosure
Neuroanatomical Differences between Men and Women in Help-Seeking Coping Strategy
Help seeking (HS) is a core coping strategy that is directed towards obtaining support, advice, or assistance as means of managing stress. Women have been found to use more HS than men. Neural correlates of sex differences have also been reported in prefrontal-limbic system (PLS) regions that are linked to stress and coping, yet structural differences between men and women relating to HS in the PLS are still unknown. Thus, the association between gray matter volume (GMV) and HS was investigated using voxel-based morphometry (VBM) in a large healthy sample (126 men and 156 women). Results indicated women reported more HS than men did. VBM results showed that the relation between HS scores and GMV differed between men and women in regions of the bilateral orbitofrontal cortex extending to the subgenual anterior cingulate cortex(OFC/sgACC). Among women, higher HS scores were associated with smaller GMV in these areas while a positive correlation between GMV and HS scores was observed among men. These results remained significant after controlling for general intelligence, stress, anxiety and depression. Thus, this study suggested that structural differences between men and women are correlated to characteristic brain regions known to be involved in the PLS which is considered critical in stress regulation
Kortversioner av frĂ„geformulĂ€r inom arbets- och hĂ€lsopsykologiâom att mĂ€ta coping och optimism
Employee and workplace well-being: a multi-level analysis of teacher personality and organizational climate in Norwegian teachers from rural, urban and city schools
Although teaching is frequently cited as a stressful profession, limited recent Norwegian data is available. This study addressed the extent to which organizational climate and individual and organizational well-being outcomes vary between schools in rural, urban, and city locations. Participants were predominantly female (68%), aged 45+ years(63.2%) and reported 20+ years of teaching experience (51%). Teachers from rural schools reported smaller student and teacher numbers, a more positive organizational climate and better organizational well-being. Multi-level analyses, with teachers grouped within school location, indicated that personality is most strongly associated with employee well-being, and organizational climate most strongly related to school morale and distress. Schools in rural locations are smaller and possess workplace climates that are conducive to positivity in the workplace, and subsequently better workplace wellbeing outcomes
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