Luminescence dating and mineralogical investigations of bricks from erikli basilica in Stratonikeia ancient city (SW-Turkey)

Stratonikeia is one of the oldest settlements in southwestern Anatolia and at the same time significant for an understanding of the Hellenistic period. Archaeological records of Stratonikeia date back to around 2000 BC. This study provides new information not only about luminescence age but also about mineralo-petrographic, geochemical characteristics of bricks taken from Erikli Basilica in Stratonikeia (Turkey). In this study, mineralogical data of TL and OSL dating of two bricks and two sediment samples will be presented. The bricks have highly similar mineralogical composition, consisting mainly of quartz and muscovite. These results are supported by XRD studies. In order to perform the thermoluminescence (TL) and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating, the equivalent dose (ED) and the annual dose (AD) of the samples were determined using different estimation techniques. The TL ages of bricks are determined to be 1189±89 and 576±40 years. The IRSL ages of the bricks are determined to be 1167±85 years and 545±50 years. Additionally, supporting the TL and IRSL ages, the OSL quartz ages of the two sediments obtained from the top of the layer under the floor are discovered to be about 1100 years. Mineralo-petrographic, geochemical, dating and archaeological studies have revealed that the age of bricks is different from each other. Furthermore, Erikli Basillica was built in bricks, consisting of raw materials taken from different quarries in different periods. Within the framework, the first report of the experimental approach has been published from Stratonikeia archaeological site located in Muğla, Agean Anatolia. © 2018 MAA Open Access. Printed in Greece. All rights reserved

Lateral orbital wall approach to the cavernous sinus: laboratory investigation

Journal ArticleObject. Lesions of the cavernous sinus remain a technical challenge. The most common surgical approaches involve some variation of the standard frontotemporal craniotomy. Here, the authors describe a surgical approach to access the cavernous sinus that involves the removal of the lateral orbital wall. Methods. To achieve exposure of the cavernous sinus, a lateral canthal incision is performed, and the lateral orbital rim and anterior lateral wall are removed, for later replacement at closure. The posterior lateral orbital wall is removed to the region of the superior and inferior orbital fissures. With reflection of the dural covering of the lateral cavernous sinus and removal of the anterior clinoid process, the cavernous sinus is exposed. Results. Exposure and details of the procedure were derived from anatomical study in cadavers. After the approach, with removal of the anterior clinoid process, the entire cavemous sinus from the superior orbital fissure anteriorly to the Meckel cave posteriorly is exposed. More exposure to the lateral middle fossa, foramen spinosum, and petrous carotid artery is obtained by further removal of the lateral sphenoid wing. An illustrative case example for approaching a cavernous sinus meningioma is presented. Conclusions. The translateral orbital wall approach provides a simple, rapid approach for lesions with primary or secondary involvement of the cavernous sinus. Advantages of this simple, extradural approach include the lack of brain retraction and no interruption of the temporalis muscle

The frontotemporal (Pterional) approach: an historical perspective

pre-printThe frontotemporal, so-called "pterional" approach has evolved with the contribution of many neurosurgeons over the past century. It has stood the test of time and been the most commonly used transcranial approach in neurosurgery. In its current form, drilling the sphenoid wing as far down as the superior orbital fissure with or without the removal of the anterior clinoid, thinning the orbital roof, and opening the Sylvian fissure and basal cisterns are the hallmarks of this approach. Tumoral and vascular lesions involving the sellar/parasellar area, anterior and anterolateral circle of Willis, middle cerebral artery, anterior brain stem, upper basilar artery, insula, basal ganglia, mesial temporal region, anterior cranial fossa, orbit, and optic nerve are within the reach of the frontotemporal approach. In this paper, we review the origins, evolution, and modifications of the frontotemporal approach and update the discussion of some of the related derivative procedures

Sellar and parasellar metastatic tumors

journal articleThe sellar and parasellar (SPS) region is a complex area rich in vital neurovascular structures a first manifestation of a systemic malignancy. Metastases to this region are rare; breast cancer is the most common source among those that metastasize to the SPS region. Ophthalmoplegia, headache, retroorbital or facial pain, diabetes insipidus, and visual field defects are the most commonly reported symptoms. Lack of specific clinical and radiological features renders SPS metastases difficult to differentiate from the other frequently encountered lesions in this area, especially when there is no known history of a primary disease. Currently accepted management is multimodality therapy that includes biopsy and/or palliative surgical resection, radiation, and chemotherapy. Although no significant survival benefits have been shown by the surgical series, surgical resection may improve quality of life. Here we review the relevant literature and present six illustrative cases from our own institution

Sellar and Parasellar Metastatic Tumors

The sellar and parasellar (SPS) region is a complex area rich in vital neurovascular structures and as such may be the location of first manifestation of a systemic malignancy. Metastases to this region are rare; breast cancer is the most common source among those that metastasize to the SPS region. Ophthalmoplegia, headache, retroorbital or facial pain, diabetes insipidus, and visual field defects are the most commonly reported symptoms. Lack of specific clinical and radiological features renders SPS metastases difficult to differentiate from the other frequently encountered lesions in this area, especially when there is no known history of a primary disease. Currently accepted management is multimodality therapy that includes biopsy and/or palliative surgical resection, radiation, and chemotherapy. Although no significant survival benefits have been shown by the surgical series, surgical resection may improve quality of life. Here we review the relevant literature and present six illustrative cases from our own institution

Carotid termination aneurysms

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The outcome of penetrating keratoplasty for corneal scarring due to herpes simplex keratitis

ABSTRACT Purpose: To determine the outcomes of penetrating keratoplasty (PK) for treatment of corneal scarring caused by Herpes simplex virus (HSV) keratitis, and whether the corneal scar type affects treatment outcome. Methods: A retrospective analysis of patients who underwent PK for HSV-related corneal scarring between January 2008 and July 2011 was performed. The patients were categorized into two groups. Group 1 consisted of patients with a quiescent herpetic corneal scar and group 2 consisted of patients who developed a corneal descemetocele or perforation secondary to persistent epithelial defects with no active stromal inflammation. The mean follow-up was 21.30 ± 14.59 months. The main parameters evaluated were recurrence of herpetic keratitis, graft rejection, graft failure, visual acuity, and graft survival rate. Results: There were 42 patients in group 1 and 13 in group 2. Preoperative BCVA varied from hand movements to 0.7 logMAR. Postoperatively, 34 patients (61.8%) achieved visual acuity of 0.6 logMAR or more. Recurrence of HSV keratitis was noted in 12 (28.57%) eyes in group 1 and 4 (30.76%) eyes in group 2 (p=0.40). Graft rejection occurred in 4 eyes (9.52%) in group 1 and in 3 (23.07%) eyes in group 2 (p=0.58). The 1-, 2-, and 3-year graft survival rates were 91.9%, 76.0%, and 65.1% in group 1, and 89.5%, 76.0%, and 63.6% in group 2 (p=0.91), respectively. Conclusions: Although there were different recurrence and graft rejection rates for two groups, the graft survival rates at 3 years were similar. According to our results, without inflammation, corneal herpetic scarring with a descemetocele or perforation achieved similar graft survival rates with quiescent herpetic corneal scars

Effect of different hormonal therapies on thyroid function in surgical menopause - Short-term results

To determine the effects of different hormone replacement therapy (HRT) regimens on thyroid function in surgical menopause. STUDY DESIGN: In a randomized, controlled study, 59 euthyroid women with surgical menopause were randomized to an estrogenonly (n=20), tibolone (n=20) or calcium-only (n = 19) group. On the 5th postoperative day and 4th and 12th weeks, serum E-2, TSH, free T3 and free T4 levels were determined. RESULTS: Although the initial and week 4 serum E-2, TSH, free T3 and free T4 levels were comparable, the week 12 serum E-2 and TSH levels were different between the subjects on estrogen therapy and those receiving tibolone or calcium only (p = 0.008 and 0.000, respectively). Serum E-2 levels were higher and TSH levels lower in subjects receiving estrogen. Moreover, serum TSH levels correlated negatively with serum E-2 levels in the 12th week of estrogen use (r = -0.354, p = 0.006). TSH increased in the tibolone group as compared to the estrogen group but was still lower than in the calcium-only group; however, the differences were not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: Irrespective of different regimens, HRT does not have an important short-term effect on thyroid function in women with surgical menopause