La educación intercultural en contextos de migración interna

La investigación parte de la experiencia y acompañamiento como docente en la Unidad Educativa Intercultural Jatari Unancha – Centro Nuevos Horizontes. Este centro educativo forma parte del Sistema de Educación Indígena de Cotopaxi y es el único establecido en la ciudad de Quito, ya que los otros centros se encuentran dentro de la provincia antes mencionada. Este Centro fue creado con el fin de atender a la población que migra del campo a la ciudad y que manifiesta su deseo por continuar con su educación básica y media. Considerando las complejas realidades de los estudiantes que migran del campo a la ciudad y viceversa, así como la estructuración de la educación intercultural en Ecuador es importante preguntarse: ¿De qué forma construyen la identidad los sujetos indígenas que viven en constante movimiento migratorio entre el campo y la ciudad? ¿Cómo está pensada/estructurada la educación intercultural para estos sujetos en el país y de qué formas incide en la construcción de su identidad/memoria? ¿Qué desafíos presenta la educación intercultural frente a las realidades de los sujetos indígenas en situación de migración interna? Este estudio pretende ser un aporte para reflexionar la apertura y las dinámicas que tienen los espacios educativos denominados “interculturales” atendiendo las necesidades de estudiantes que se encuentran en constante tránsito. Esto implica una preocupación por las transformaciones en la subjetividad del sujeto migrante y por las respuestas que brinda la educación intercultural ecuatoriana a las realidades de quienes viven el confrontamiento entre dos matrices culturales, la andina y la occidental, debido a su constante movimiento entre la ciudad y el campo

Clustering COVID-19 ARDS patients through the first days of ICU admission. An analysis of the CIBERESUCICOVID Cohort

Background Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) can be classified into sub-phenotypes according to different inflammatory/clinical status. Prognostic enrichment was achieved by grouping patients into hypoinflammatory or hyperinflammatory sub-phenotypes, even though the time of analysis may change the classification according to treatment response or disease evolution. We aimed to evaluate when patients can be clustered in more than 1 group, and how they may change the clustering of patients using data of baseline or day 3, and the prognosis of patients according to their evolution by changing or not the cluster.Methods Multicenter, observational prospective, and retrospective study of patients admitted due to ARDS related to COVID-19 infection in Spain. Patients were grouped according to a clustering mixed-type data algorithm (k-prototypes) using continuous and categorical readily available variables at baseline and day 3.Results Of 6205 patients, 3743 (60%) were included in the study. According to silhouette analysis, patients were grouped in two clusters. At baseline, 1402 (37%) patients were included in cluster 1 and 2341(63%) in cluster 2. On day 3, 1557(42%) patients were included in cluster 1 and 2086 (57%) in cluster 2. The patients included in cluster 2 were older and more frequently hypertensive and had a higher prevalence of shock, organ dysfunction, inflammatory biomarkers, and worst respiratory indexes at both time points. The 90-day mortality was higher in cluster 2 at both clustering processes (43.8% [n = 1025] versus 27.3% [n = 383] at baseline, and 49% [n = 1023] versus 20.6% [n = 321] on day 3). Four hundred and fifty-eight (33%) patients clustered in the first group were clustered in the second group on day 3. In contrast, 638 (27%) patients clustered in the second group were clustered in the first group on day 3.Conclusions During the first days, patients can be clustered into two groups and the process of clustering patients may change as they continue to evolve. This means that despite a vast majority of patients remaining in the same cluster, a minority reaching 33% of patients analyzed may be re-categorized into different clusters based on their progress. Such changes can significantly impact their prognosis

Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality

Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

Funder: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013347Funder: Flemish Society for Critical Care NursesAbstract: Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat

Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

Funder: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013347Funder: Flemish Society for Critical Care NursesAbstract: Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat

Correction to: Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake

La construcción de autonomía local en el sistema de educación indígena de Cotopaxi

El siguiente estudio es realizado en la provincia de Cotopaxi, Ecuador. En este se analiza la construcción de la autonomía de un proceso de educación intercultural bilingüe denominado “Sistema de Educación indígena de Cotopaxi”, que es el resultado del vínculo de una serie centros educativos comunitarios en dicha provincia. Este trabajo pretende analizar las implicaciones teóricas que tiene “lo local” y la autonomía” en el marco de esta experiencia. Asimismo, se pretende describir las manifestaciones en las cuales se puede observar prácticas autonómicas y organizativas teniendo como eje articulador a este ente educativo. Finalmente se realizan propuestas para generar un mayor alcance a las acciones que hoy por hoy realizan como institución. Para elaborar este estudio se utilizó como método de campo la entrevista a informantes calificados, se trabajó con grupos focales en talleres y se recuperó documentos históricos, con la finalidad de reconstruir su historia

Discursos y prácticas en la construcción de la sexualidad de las mujeres católicas, en la parroquia de Conocoto, ciudad de Quito, 2013

Catholicism is one of the major religions that is recognized over all the world; in Latin America in 2005 it was found that 71% of the population was Catholic. In Ecuador during the census conducted by the INEC in 2010, 80.44% of the population is Catholic. The Catholic doctrine refers to various standards of life in order to restrict the women’s sexuality to the reproductive role, settling a control speech over some sexual practices. The purpose of this research is to understand which are the discourses and practices in the construction of sexuality of Catholic women in three specific areas: premarital sex, contraceptive use and abortion and understand the influence of ecclesiastical canons as cultural references and to make seeable the role that the Catholic church has had historically, and which currently has about these issues. For this study was applied as a field methods the focus groups, with the participation of Conocoto Parish Catholic Women, their stories were analyzed using the methodology proposed by Jociles Rubio and finally was made a bibliographical research mainly in regard to the Catholic doctrine on the subject of sexuality.El catolicismo es una de las religiones con mayor número de adeptos a nivel mundial; en Latinoamérica durante el año 2005 se pudo comprobar que el 71% de sus habitantes era católico. En Ecuador durante el censo realizado por el INEC en el 2010, el 80,44% de la población es católica. Los discursos proporcionados por la Iglesia Católica a nivel mundial, hacen referencia a varias normas de vida por la que las mujeres deben restringir su sexualidad a la función procreadora, ejerciendo un discurso de control sobre algunas prácticas sexuales. El propósito de esta investigación es comprender cuáles son los discursos y las prácticas en la construcción de la sexualidad de las mujeres católicas, en tres ámbitos específicos: las relaciones prematrimoniales, el uso de anticonceptivos y el aborto con estos cánones eclesiales como referentes culturales y en ello visibilizar el papel que la institución de la Iglesia Católica ha tenido históricamente, así como el que tiene en la actualidad con respecto a estos temas. Para realizar este estudio se aplicó como método de campo los grupos focales con la participación de mujeres católicas de la parroquia de Conocoto, sus relatos se analizaron con la propuesta metodológica de Jociles Rubio y finalmente se realizó investigación bibliográfica sobre todo en lo que respecta a la doctrina católica en el tema de la sexualidad

Antropologías hechas en Ecuador. El quehacer antropológico (Volumen IV)

Al igual que en otros países, en Ecuador la antropología no es solo una disciplina, son varias genealogías que obedecen a temas diversos con enfoques interdisciplinarios y que cambian de acuerdo al contexto social, económico y político; pero a diferencia de la región, registra pocas escuelas de antropología y centros de formación de profesionales en el área. Esta recopilación de textos muestra la diversidad y las múltiples facetas de las antropologías ecuatorianas. La antropología ecuatoriana no se agota en estas historiografías y resalta aquellas genealogías del pensamiento ecuatoriano, nutrido por reflexiones desde las escuelas clásicas de la antropología, que dialogan fuertemente con el contexto nacional y que, particularmente, tienen la capacidad de recrearse a la luz de las necesidades reales de la gente con quienes se co-construye el conocimiento

Bustarviejo. Propuestas bioclimáticas en el espacio público.

Bustarviejo. Propuestas bioclimáticas en el espacio público. Publicación digital de los trabajos elaborados por los estudiantes del curso 2017/18 de la asignatura La Ciudad y el Medio de la Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura de Madrid de la Universidad Politécnica de Madrid. Muestra una serie de propuestas elaboradas en la asignatura para mejorar bioclimáticamente diferentes espacios públicos municipales en el marco del acuerdo realizado entre el Departamento de Urbanística y Ordenación del Territorio y el Excmo. Ayuntamiento de Bustarviejo (Madrid)