Reliability of the Lisfranc injury radiological classification (Myerson-modified Hardcastle classification system)

Purpose The objective of our study was to assess the reliability of the radiological classification system (Myerson-modified Hardcastle Classification System) for Lisfranc injury. The classification system is a three-grade ordinal scale based on fracture displacement. Methods Thirty-nine Lisfranc injury radiographs were evaluated by 38 independent observers consisting of consultant orthopaedic surgeons (18), orthopaedic surgery residents (17) and consultant musculoskeletal radiologists (3) on two separate occasions after receiving training in the use of the classification. Results The intra- and inter-observer reliability was assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and found to be excellent. The mean weighted intra- and inter-observer ICCs were 0.94 (95 % CI 0.89–0.97, p < 0.01) and 0.81 (95 % CI 0.68–0.89, p < 0.01), respectively. Conclusion The Myerson-modified Hardcastle classification system in our study was shown to be reliable and can be used in outcome studies and provide standard terminology among clinicians for Lisfranc injuries

Tacticity, Regio and Stereoregularity

This chapter focus on the polypropylene tacticity. The stereoregularity and regioregularity of the processes catalyzed by heterogeneous and homogeneous Ziegler-Natta catalysts are discussed. The amazing variety of molecular architectures available for polypropylene-based materials are summarized together with the catalytic mechanisms for tacticity control. The main techniques applied for the determination of PP tacticity are reported as well as the outstanding development of new catalyst systems able to achieve unprecedented PP microstructures