Discussion of Possible Semantic Description for Documents Based on Analysis of Predicate-Argument Structure

動詞間で共通する意味属性を考慮して,シソーラス上に整理した動詞項構造シソーラスを提案し,形容動詞まで拡張して分析を進めてきた.動詞項構造シソーラスの背景には語彙概念構造という状態変化を主に記述する形式を拡張してきたが,「必要だ」や「必ず〜する」といった主観的な内容を記述する場所が無く,意味記述の中に自然言語で埋めることになっている.本稿では述語の分析から必要となる意味構造の要件を明らかにする.その中でも可能世界意味論に関係している点を事例をもとに明確化し,文書解析のための意味構造について考察する.さらに,人工知能で議論されてきた様相論理,動的命題,設計学,オントロジー工学との関係について概観する.The results of our previous work of construction of Japanese verb thesaurus revealed that a verb meaning often contains not only action or change-of-state meaning, i.e., objective meaning, but subjective meanings. To describe verb meaning, lexical conceptual structure was applied, but it does not have a place of subjective and modal meaning; then they are described using natural language embedded in an extended LCS-based schema. Modal logic gives us a description framework, but verb meanings have more complex meaning, such as event attributes, progress and possibility. In the manuscript we summarize the wide variety of verb and adjective verb meaning from the view of change-of-state and subjective meaning, then discuss a description framework of them according to modal logic study

Measures for the structure of clustering and admissibilities of its algorithm

The problem of selecting a clustering algorithm from the myriad of algorithms has been discussed in recent years. Many researchers have attacked this problem by using the concept of admissibility (e.g. Fisher and Van Ness, 1971, Yadohisa, et al., 1999). We propose a new criterion called the structured ratio for measuring the clustering results. It includes the concept of the well-structured admissibility as a special case, and represents some kind of goodness-of-fit of the clustering result. New admissibilities of the clustering algorithm and a new agglomerative hierarchical clustering algorithm are also provided by using the structured ratio. Details of the admissibilities of the eight popular algorithms are discussed

Space distortion and monotone admissibility in agglomerative clustering

This paper discusses the admissibility of agglomerative hierarchical clustering algorithms with respect to space distortion and monotonicity, as defined by Yadohisa et al. and Batagelj, respectively. Several admissibilities and their properties are given for selecting a clustering algorithm. Necessary and sufficient conditions for an updating formula, as introduced by Lance and Williams, are provided for the proposed admissibility criteria. A detailed explanation of the admissibility of eight popular algorithms is also given

Experimental Demonstration of Adaptive Quantum State Estimation

The first experimental demonstration of an adaptive quantum state estimation (AQSE) is reported. The strong consistency and asymptotic efficiency of AQSE have been mathematically proven [ A. Fujiwara J. Phys. A 39 12489 (2006)]. In this Letter, the angle of linear polarization of single photons, the phase parameter between the right and the left circularly polarization, is estimated using AQSE, and the strong consistency and asymptotic efficiency are experimentally verified. AQSE will provide a general useful method in both quantum information processing and metrology.Comment: 5pages, 4figure

The influence of decision-making rules on individual preference for ecological restoration: Evidence from an experimental survey

We conduct an experimental survey to analyze how rules for collective decision-making influence individual preferences concerning nature restoration projects. Our study compares two decision-making rules - a consensus rule and a majority rule - wherein participants decide on a plan concerning nature restoration in the Kushiro Wetland, Japan. Our main finding is that the difference between the individual preferences and collective decision-making is less significant under the consensus rule than the majority rule. Furthermore, there is a larger disparity with regard to the marginal willingness to pay between collective and individual decisions when participants are unsatisfied with the results of collective choice.

The role of zero modes for the infrared behavior of QCD

We analyse the mechanism in which zero modes lead to an elimination of fermionic color non--singlet states in 1+1 dimensions. Using a hamiltonian lattice formulation we clarify the physical meaning of the zero modes but we do not find support for speculations on the crucial importance of lower dimensional fields (zero modes in 1+1 dimension) for the infrared behavior of QCD in 2+1 or higher dimensions.Comment: 7 pages, Latex To appear in Physics Letters B email: [email protected]

Aortic Valve Papillary Fibroelastoma Associated with Acute Cerebral Infarction: A Case Report

An 80-year-old woman with a history of congestive heart failure, atrial fibrillation, and hypertension was transferred to our institution with hematemesis. Her drug regimen included 2 mg warfarin potassium/day to prevent thromboembolic events. Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) performed at 78 years of age revealed a mass attached to the noncoronary cusp and a cardiac tumor was suspected. The patient declined surgery and was meticulously followed up with periodic TTE. Upper gastroendoscopy revealed a gastric ulcer with an exposed blood vessel; anticoagulant therapy was ceased. On day 15 of admission, acute cerebral infarction occurred. Heparin sodium and warfarin potassium were administered rapidly, and her symptoms improved. TTE revealed no alteration of the mobile, string-like mass attached to the noncoronary cusp. Cardiac tumor was considered the cause of cerebral infarction, and the patient consented to surgical therapy. Pathological examination of the resected tumor suggested papillary fibroelastoma (PFE). Although no guidelines exist for PFE management, a mobile, cardiac tumor necessitates surgical resection to prevent thromboembolic events, even when small in size