Numerical Solution of Two-dimensional Channel Flow of Viscous Incompressible Fluid past an Elliptic Cylinder

We studied a two-dimensional flow of viscous incompressible fluid past a thin elliptic cylinder in a rectilinear channel. The major axis of the cylinder has the same length as the channel width, and the center of the cylinder is placed on the midplane of the channel. Reynolds number R and the angle of attack θ of the cylinder range, respectively, between 50 and 1000 and between 0° and 40°. The new upwind difference scheme by Kawamura Kuwahara (1984) is applied to the stream function-vorticity formalism of the Navier-Stokes equations. The boundary-fitted curvilinear coordinate systems by Thompson et al (1976) are used to transform the physical plane onto a simple calculation plane. The line-Jacobi method of iteration is applied to the solution of the Poisson type equation of the stream function. The Euler explicit method of solution is applied to the solution of the vorticity equation

The Steady Two-dimensional Flow of Viscous Incompressible Fluid Past an Elliptic Valve of Zero Angle of Attack Placed in a Rectilinear Channel : As a Model of a Flow Past a Fully Open Butterfly Valve

We studied the steady two-dimensional flow of a viscous incompressibe fluid past an elliptic valve of zero angle of attack placed in a rectilinear channel. We apply generalized curvilinear coordinates, by which the channel walls and the valve surface are mapped onto corresponding coordinate lines, to the solution of the stream function-vorticity formulation of the Navier-Stokes equations. The ADI and the Euler explicit method of solution are applied to solve the transformed basic equations. Flow patterns, pressure distributions and drag coefficients are obtained for several values of Reynolds number between 0 and 40

Formation and characterization of phthalocyanine dimer/C60 solar cells

AbstractOrganic solar cells with μ-oxo-bridged gallium phthalocyanine dimer (GaPc dimer) and fullerene were produced by an evaporation method. A device based on the GaPc dimer provided a conversion efficiency of 4.2×10–3%, which is better compared to a device based on phthalocyanine monomer. Dimerization effect was discussed with a molecular orbital calculation, and the crystalline phases of the present solar cells were investigated by X-ray diffraction. Further improvement of the efficiency was discussed on the basis of the experimental results

Strain Induced Drain-Current Enhancement Mechanism in Short-Channel Bulk Ge-pMOSFETs with Different Channel and Surface Orientations

Abstract Self-consistent full-band Monte Carlo (with multi-subbands) device simulations were performed to clarify the mechanism of drain-current enhancements for uniaxially strained bulk Ge-pMOSFETs with different channel/surface orientations. Unlike any conventional mobility studies, our device simulation enables us to probe fundamental roles of source-injection and channel backscattering in the practical bulk-MOSFET device structures with optimized channel/surface selections

Transient and permanent gene transfer into the brain of the teleost fish medaka (Oryzias latipes) using human adenovirus and the Cre-loxP system

AbstractIn this study, we demonstrated that human type-5 adenovirus infected the brain of the teleost fish, medaka (Oryzias latipes), in vivo. Injection of adenoviral vector into the mesencephalic ventricle of medaka larvae induced the expression of reporter genes in some parts of the telencephalon, the periventricular area of the mesencephalon and diencephalon, and the cerebellum. Additionally, the Cre-loxP system works in medaka brains using transgenic medaka carrying a vector containing DsRed2, flanked by loxP sites under control of the β-actin promoter and downstream promoterless enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP). We demonstrated that the presence of green fluorescence depended on injection of adenoviral vector expressing the Cre gene and confirmed that EGFP mRNA was transcribed in the virus-injected larvae

高校生自転車競技における傷害とその発生要因に関する研究

The purpose of this paper was to obtain information the occurrence of cycling injuries in high school cyclists. Questionnaires were mailed out to 28 teams, a total of 271 competitive cyclists (257 male and 14 female). The response rate was 85.0%. The main results were as follows : 1) The injury rate among all cyclists was 73.8%, with such injuries as abrasion (60.5%), bruises (38.4%), cutting (20.5%), sprain (11.4%) and fracture (10.3%). The most common injured parts of the body were the elbow, shoulder and knee. Characteristically, most injuries occurred on the lower body and left side of the body. 2) Accidents occurred during road practice, track practice, road race and track race in that order. The most common causes of injuries were into contact with other riders and personal mistakes. Every cyclist will eventually fall, and the injuries of high school cyclists who are beginners can be diminished by thorough teaching of the fundamental riding skills in a pack and knowing how to fall. In addition, it is important that they were protection such as helmets, clothing and cycling gloves. 3) The rate for aches and injuries from overpracticing was 66.4% among all cyclists including back pain (37.4%), saddle sores (37.0%), numbness and pain in the hand (ulnar nerve or cyclist palsy) (23.4%), and knee pain (patella chondromalacia) (22.3%). It is important to consider a training plan and to understand and prevent cumulative fatigue, individual exercise ability, and the physical development of frames and muscles for competitive cyclists starting in high school

Heat Flux of a Transferred Arc Driven by a Transverse Magnetic Field

Theoretical consideration of a magnetically driven arc was performed to elucidate the variation of heat flux with an imposed DC magnetic field. Experiments were conducted to confirm the validity of the theoretical model. The heat flux decreased concomitantly with increased imposed magnetic flux density. Theoretical predictions agreed with experimental results

Synthesis and Property of Tannic Acid Derivatives and Their Application for Extreme Ultraviolet Laser Lithography System

We synthesized tannic acid derivatives with pendant cyclohexyl acetal moieties (TA-CVEn), butyl acetal moieties (TA-BVEn), and adamantyl ester moieties (TA-ADn) by the reaction of tannnic acid (TA) with cyclohexyl vinyl ether (CVE), butyl vinyl ether (BVE), and adamantyl bromo acetate (AD) in various feeds ratios. The synthesized TA-CVEn, TA-BVEn, and TA-ADn had good solubility, good film-forming ability, and high thermal stability relevant to application of photolithography materials. However, only TA-BVE97 and TA-AD74 can be used as positive-type photo-resist materials using 2.38 wt% TMAH aq. as developer due to the result of thickness loss property. Furthermore, their resist-sensitivity upon EUV exposure tool and etching durability were adequate and they have high potential as next-generation resist material for EUV lithography