Acute effects of difference in glucose intake on arterial stiffness in healthy subjects

Background: Post-prandial hyperglycemia is associated with higher cardiovascular risk, which causes arterial stiffening and impaired function. Although post-prandial increases in blood glucose are proportional to the level of intake, the acute effects of different glucose intakes on arterial stiffness have not been fully characterized. The present study aimed to determine the acute effects of differences in glucose intake on arterial stiffness. Methods: Six healthy middle-aged and elderly individuals (mean age, 60.0 ± 12.1 years) were orally administered 15, 20, and 25 g of glucose on separate days in a randomized, controlled, cross-over fashion. Brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity, heart-brachial pulse wave velocity, cardio-ankle vascular index, brachial and ankle blood pressure, heart rate, and blood glucose and serum insulin concentrations before and 30, 60, and 90 min after glucose ingestion were measured. Results: Compared to baseline, brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity was higher at 30, 60 and 90 min after ingestion of 25 g glucose, and higher at 90 min after ingestion of 20 g glucose, but at no time points after ingestion of 15 g. Cardio-ankle vascular index was higher at 60 min than at baseline after ingestion of 25 g glucose, but not after ingestion of 15 or 20 g. Conclusions: These results suggest that brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity and cardio-ankle vascular index is affected by the quantity of glucose ingested. Proposed presently is that glucose intake should be reduced at each meal to avoid increases in brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity and cardio-ankle vascular index during acute hyperglycemia

The Effect of Aerobic Exercise Training Frequency on Arterial Stiffness in a Hyperglycemic State in Middle-Aged and Elderly Females

The frequency of aerobic exercise training in reducing the increase in arterial stiffness during acute hyperglycemia, a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, is unknown. The aim of the study was to determine the aerobic exercise training frequency on arterial stiffness in a hyperglycemic state in middle-aged and elderly females. Twenty healthy elderly people were randomly assigned to a two-times-a-week (T2, n = 10) and four-times-a-week (T4, n = 10) exercise group. All participants exercised for 35 min per session, which consisted of jogging exercises with a heart rate intensity of 65%. Brachial-ankle (ba), and heart-brachial (hb) pulse wave velocity (PWV) were measured before, 4 and 8 weeks after intervention; before the oral ingestion of 75-g of glucose; and 30, 60, and 90 min after ingestion. The baPWV before and 4 weeks after the intervention increased in both groups (p < 0.05), but only increased 8 weeks after intervention in the T2 group. hbPWV was unchanged before, 4 and 8 weeks after intervention in both groups. These findings show that frequent aerobic exercise suppresses the increase in arterial stiffness following glucose intake. The results of this study can be used to support the implementation of exercise programs for middle-aged and elderly patients

The influence that the small angle tilt exercise in the sitting position gives to the Local muscle activation

近年、スポーツ分野をはじめ医療・介護現場で、体幹トレーニング（コアトレーニング）はパフォーマンスの向上のため盛んに行われている。本研究では四肢の運動に先だって収縮する腹横筋に着目し、従来観察できなかった低負荷運動時における効果的なLocal muscle の収縮を得ることを目的とした。対象者は健常男子22 名。平均年齢16.2 ± 0.7 歳であった。運動課題は、安静椅座位、10cm 前方傾斜、最大前方傾斜の3 つとした。それぞれの課題時、超音波エコーにて外腹斜筋、内腹斜筋、腹横筋厚を測定し、3 筋の合計筋厚を100%とし、各筋の筋厚比率を求めた。その結果、測定した3 筋の要因において有意な主効果が認められたが（F（2,42）= 520.37, p 最大前方傾斜（p maximum front tilt（ p<0.05））．As shown above, in order to activate theLocal muscle in core trainings, rather than doing the conventional high resistance exercise, selectively activating the transverseabdominis with low resistance exercise is more effective. It would be possible to modify the activity so that the exercise can beapplied not only to athletes but also to elderly patients

Ceramide synthase CERS4 gene downregulation is associated with KRAS mutation in colorectal cancer

Abstract Ceramide, the central molecule in sphingolipid synthesis, is a bioactive lipid that serves as a regulatory molecule in the anti-inflammatory responses, apoptosis, programmed necrosis, autophagy, and cell motility of cancer cells. In particular, the authors have reported differences in sphingolipid content in colorectal cancer tissues. The associations among genetic mutations, clinicopathological factors, and sphingolipid metabolism in colorectal cancer (CRC) have not been investigated. The objective of this study is to investigate the association between genes associated with sphingolipid metabolism, genetic variations in colorectal cancer (CRC), and clinicopathological factors in CRC patients. We enrolled 82 consecutive patients with stage I–IV CRC who underwent tumor resection at a single institution in 2019–2021. We measured the expression levels of genes related to sphingolipid metabolism and examined the relationships between CRC gene mutations and the clinicopathological data of each individual patient. The relationship between CRC gene mutations and expression levels of ceramide synthase (CERS), N-acylsphingosine amidohydrolase (ASAH), and alkaline ceramidase (ACER) genes involved in sphingolipid metabolism was examined CRES4 expression was significantly lower in the CRC KRAS gene mutation group (p = 0.004); vascular invasion was more common in colorectal cancer patients with high CERS4 expression (p = 0.0057). By examining the correlation between sphingolipid gene expression and clinical factors, we were able to identify cancer types in which sphingolipid metabolism is particularly relevant. CERS4 expression was significantly reduced in KRAS mutant CRC. Moreover, CRC with decreased CERS4 showed significantly more frequent venous invasion