Effects of Vertical Magnetohydrodynamic Flows on Chiral Surface Formation in Magnetoelectrolysis

Magnetoelectrolysis (electrolysis in magnetic fields) has potential to produce chiral surfaces on metal films. The Lorentz force causes two types of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flows; a vertical MHD flow and micro-MHD vortices, and the combination of these MHD flows has been considered to produce chiral surfaces. This paper shows the effects of vertical MHD flow on the chiral surface formation in magnetoelectrodeposition (MED) and magnetoelectrochemical etching (MEE) of copper films. To control the vertical MHD flows the working electrode was embedded in a tube wall with various heights of 2–12 mm, and the vertical MHD flows were expected to penetrate into the tubes with damping. In both MED and MEE experiments, the surface chirality diminished considerably at the wall height of 12 mm. When the penetrating MHD flow could not reach the electrode surface in the sufficiently tall wall, such an MHD flow could not affect the micro-MHD vortices. These results demonstrate that the vertical MHD flow plays a significant role in symmetry breaking of micro-MHD vortices

Modeling Credit Risk: A Structural Approach with Long-term and Short-term Debts

This paper proposes a structural model to price credit risk of firms with short-term and long-term debts. This enables one to distinguish between default probabilities in the short run and in the long run, and to identify how the composition of debts affects credit risk. We endogenize the banks' decision to bankrupt or save firms in insolvency, and analyze the influence of the governance structure on credit risk valuation.

Phenolic compounds prevent the oligomerization of α-synuclein and reduce synaptic toxicity

13301甲第4284号博士（医学）金沢大学博士論文要旨Abstract 以下に掲載：Journal of Neurochemistry 134(5) pp.943-955 2015. Wiley. 共著者：Ryoichi Takahashi, Kenjiro Ono, Yusaku Takamura, Mineyuki Mizuguchi, Tokuhei Ikeda, Hisao Nishijo, Masahito Yamad

Cross-seeding effects of amyloid β-protein and α-synuclein

Amyloid β-protein (Aβ) and α-synuclein (αS) are the primary components of amyloid plaques and Lewy bodies (LBs), respectively. Previous in vitro and in vivo studies have suggested that interactions between Aβ and αS are involved in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer\u27s disease and LB diseases. However, the seeding effects of their aggregates on their aggregation pathways are not completely clear. To investigate the cross-seeding effects of Aβ and αS, we examined how sonicated fibrils or cross-linked oligomers of Aβ40, Aβ42, and αS affected their aggregation pathways using thioflavin T(S) assay and electron microscopy. Fibrils and oligomers of Aβ40, Aβ42, and αS acted as seeds, and affected the aggregation pathways within and among species. The seeding effects of αS fibrils were higher than those of Aβ40 and Aβ42 fibrils in the Aβ40 and Aβ42 aggregation pathways, respectively. We showed that Aβ and αS acted as seeds and affected each other\u27s aggregation pathways in vitro, which may contribute to our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of interactions between Alzheimer\u27s disease and LB diseases pathologies. © 2012 The Authors

Photochemistry of large ring 2-phenylcycloalkanone in the presence of molecular oxygen

金沢大学薬学部金沢大学大学院自然科学研究科生理活性物質科学Photolysis of 2-phenylcyclododecanone (2PCDD, ring size: C12) has been investigated in an air-saturated solution. The ﾎｱ-photocleavage of 2PCDD (Norrish type I) has led to the formation of triplet acyl-benzyl biradical (3BR) which reacts with O2 to produce a peroxyester intermediate. A major photoproduct of 2-phenyl-1-oxacyclododecane is formed by a stepwise decarboxylation from the peroxyester intermediate. The peroxyester is also a common intermediate for minor products of benzaldehyde, cyclodecane, and acetophenone. 1-Phenylcycloundecane is produced from decarbonylation of 3BR. On the other hand, 3BR undergoes intersystem crossing to the singlet biradical which in turn recombines to form the parent 2PCDD or to afford a cage product of cyclophane. The recombination yield to the starting species is estimated to be 0.5 by measuring a time evolution of enantiomer concentration of 2PCDD starting from one optically pure enantiomer. Photolysis mechanism of 2PCDD in the presence of molecular oxygen has been proposed and discussed. © 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Fluid-Structure Interaction Analysis for Martian Exploration Parafoil with Deployable Structure by Coupling Library Precice

trigger aerodynamic instability. Although instability has been reported in wind tunnel experiments and flight tests, the detailed mechanism of this possible instability has not been clarified. Therefore, it is necessary to elucidate the detailed instability mechanism by numerical analysis, as it cannot be realized experimentally. In addition, it is necessary to introduce fluid-structure interaction (FSI) analysis for flexible structures using a coupled method. The precise code interaction coupling environment (preCICE) coupling library is a powerful tool for the coupling analysis of fluid and structure solvers.  To evaluate the effect of coupling two physical fields, the analyses of the fluid and structure were conducted separately. The results of the analysis verified that the wing deformed under a fluid force, which indicates the effectiveness of the FSI analysis model developed. A comparison with the single-field analysis demonstrated that the structure-derived frequencies in the FSI analysis appeared in the wing surface deformation and aerodynamic forces. However, the aerodynamic coefficients obtained by the FSI analysis converged to the same values as those obtained by the single fluid analysis, thus indicating that from a macroscopic perspective, structural deformation negligibly influences aerodynamic forces. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze a shape that is closer to the actual machine

Molecular analysis of holocarboxylase synthetase deficiency: a missense mutation and a single base deletion are predominant in Japanese patients

AbstractHolocarboxylase synthetase (HCS) deficiency is an inherited disease of biotin metabolism characterized by a unique pattern of organic aciduria, metabolic acidosis, and skin lesions. By analysis of five patients in four unrelated families, two mutations were identified: a transition from T to C which causes an amino-acid substitution of proline for leucine at position 237 (L237P) and a single deletion of guanine (delG 1067) followed by premature termination. One patient was homozygous for the L237P mutation, three patients in two families were compound heterozygotes of the missense and deletion alleles, and the other patient was heterozygous for the L237P mutation. Inheritance was successfully demonstrated in all of the patients' families by a modified PCR followed by restriction enzyme digestion. The two mutations accounted for seven of eight mutant alleles, while neither mutation was detected in 108 normal healthy Japanese children (216 alleles). Transient expression in cultured fibroblasts from a patient showed that the L237P mutation was responsible for decreased HCS activity. These results suggest that the L237P and delG1067 mutations are frequent disease-causing mutations in Japanese patients with HCS deficiency. This PCR-based technique may therefore be useful for detecting mutations among Japanese patients